台风条件下一种新的浪流相互作用参数化方法在耦合模式中的应用

浪致辐射应力及浪致混合效应, 作为海洋上层两种重要的物理过程, 由于当前理论中关于其分层效应及计算公式中的误差还不是非常清楚, 目前还没有在浪流耦合模式中同时考虑. 本文将一种基于浪致辐射应力及浪致混合效应的参数化方案加入由浪(WAVEWATCH Ⅲ)和流模式(POM)组成的耦合模式中. 以台风"格美"(2006)为天气背景, 进行了四组数值试验. 结果表明: 浪致混合效应加强了混合层的湍流, 加大了动量及热量向下传递率, 但对表面流场的规律性改变不明显. 浪致辐射应力传递表面动量通量, 同时, 规律性地改变了水平流场. 当同时考虑两种物理过程时, 其效果叠加. 海流作为一种重要的动力因子, 对有效波高的高度和分布有显著影响, 使得动量转移, 有效波高增高. 模拟时次的第48 h, 流矢量差值的近惯性震荡以及顺时针旋转, 可能是台风靠近时浪流耦合效应加强的信号.     

二维均匀流与重力短峰波相互作用解析

短峰波和海流广泛分布于海洋之中,但二者的相互作用直到近些年才逐渐受到关注,根据速度势函数理论,推导二维均匀流与重力短峰波的相互作用,区别于之前的研究,推导时不考虑波面的毛细影响,避免了将位置变量(x)与时间变量(t)绑定的假设,使得二阶速度势函数包含了的时间(t)一阶项,从而给出了完整的二维流与短峰波交互作用的二阶解析解,对比结果说明上述考虑对于波流共同作用结果有影响,尤其是在波高较大时,影响更加明显,所得结果,可用于高波浪条件下海洋波浪与流相互作用的计算.     

大气-海浪-海流耦合模式的建立和一次台风过程的初步试验

利用Linux系统中共享内存及进程间通信技术,将广泛应用于大气、海洋、 海浪研究的数值模式耦合,综合考虑了大气对海流和海浪的风力驱动、 海洋对大气下垫面的改变及海浪对海洋的浪致混合作用, 建立起高分辨率的中尺度台风模式.以一次台风过程为模拟背景, 对2006年的"格美"台风进行模拟,利用可得到的观测资料,对模拟结果进行验证. 结果表明:模式经过spin-up阶段后,基本能够模拟出实况台风强度的变化趋势, 中心最低气压、风速和路径的模拟与实况较为一致. 同时,对台风强风条件下的海面降温及海浪高度都有较为合理的再现. 模式误差的出现,与当前模式微物理过程参数化方案、大尺度初始场、 Bogus台风的构造及海洋模式中海洋上层物理参数化方案等相关.     

Electromagnetic backscattering from one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface I: Wave-current coupled model

To study the electromagnetic backscattering from a one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface, a fractal sea surface wave-current model is derived, based on the mechanism of wave-current interactions. The numerical results show the effect of the ocean current on the wave. Wave amplitude decreases, wavelength and kurtosis of wave height increase, spectrum intensity decreases and shifts towards lower frequencies when the current occurs parallel to the direction of the ocean wave. By comparison, wave amplitude increases, wavelength and kurtosis of wave height decrease, spectrum intensity increases and shifts towards higher frequencies if the current is in the opposite direction to the direction of ocean wave. The wave-current interaction effect of the ocean current is much stronger than that of the nonlinear wave-wave interaction. The kurtosis of the nonlinear fractal ocean surface is larger than that of linear fractal ocean surface. The effect of the current on skewness of the probability distribution function is negligible. Therefore, the ocean wave spectrum is notably changed by the surface current and the change should be detectable in the electromagnetic backscattering signal.     

捕获电子对低杂波与电子回旋波的协同效应的影响

电子回旋波和低杂波的协同效应可有效地提高两只波的电流驱动效率.本文数值研究了捕获电子效应对电子回旋波和低杂波协同的影响.结果显示,随着捕获角的增大,双波协同驱动电流会减小,且协同因子也会明显减小,即捕获角对两只波协同驱动流的影响要比其对单独驱动电流的影响更加敏感.通过加宽低杂波共振区可减弱电子回旋波电流驱动对捕获角的依赖,同时发现随着电子回旋波功率的增加,捕获角对电子回旋波电流驱动的影响也会变小.     

热带低层弱涡旋中扰动的快速发展及其向中心传播的特征

台风发生的必要条件是热带低层具有气旋式扰动, 从卫星云图和诊断分析看,许多低层涡旋中存在分立的云团或中尺度系统. 这些涡旋能否发展成为台风,取决于其中的中尺度波动是否发展集合组成密闭云带. 本文利用柱坐标下的两层动力模式,研究了低层弱涡旋中第二类条件不稳定 机 制驱动下的波动的发展和移动问题. 结果表明:热带弱涡旋中的低层基本流垂直切变 可以很大地加强波动的不稳定性; 波动的相速度和群速度都指向涡旋中心, 波动向中心传播,能量向中心频散. 实例和数值研究也都表明,低层涡旋中的中尺度扰动会迅速发展并且向 中心靠近,促使台风形成.     

Deuteron electrodisintegration at high energy and momentum transfer

Inelastic electron-deuteron scattering has been calculated at backward angles for energy transfers up to 50 MeV and momentum transfers up to 60 fm^?2. Exchange currents from the pion, vector mesons and mixed ?πγ and ωπγ were taken into account. The effect of the meson-nucleon form factor is studied, and various approximations of the mesonic currents are discussed. Baryon resonance configurations in the wave function have been used to calculate the Δ-resonance currents. We show that the effect from meson-nucleon form factors, the ?πγ, ωπγ and Δ currents cancels almost exactly against the vector meson contribution at low momentum transfer. Thus the pure pionic current defines a reasonable choice. In the high momentum region this approximation breaks down.     

Transformations of the turbulent viscosity distribution under the effect of the internal waves in the system of stratified currents

Turbulent viscosity distributions in stratified currents are investigated. Relationship between the internal-wave-induced transformations of the temperature and turbulent exchange coefficient distributions is established. Dependences of turbulent viscosity on the phase velocity of the internal wave, water level variation, and velocity and thickness of the drift current are revealed. The contribution from the internal wave effect to the turbulent exchange coefficient value is shown to be 30% on average. Dependence of the turbulent exchange coefficient on the wave and current parameters is obtained.     

分布式电流刺激抑制心肌组织中螺旋波

利用两种恒定电信号刺激介质不同区域来产生分布式电流, 外界分布式电流内化为跨膜电流后在介质中形成稳定的梯度力可抑制螺旋波的传播. 当螺旋波被消除后系统进一步演化为均匀态且对应的膜片电位采样序列逐渐趋于一个稳定值. 在考虑噪声情况下, 该方法仍然能消除螺旋波, 对其采样序列分析也验证了方法的可靠性. 关键词： 螺旋波 分布式电流 激发介质     

On the applicability of the exterior complex scaling method for scattering problems including Coulombic potentials

We study some formal aspects of the exterior complex scaling (ECS) approach when implemented for both short and long-range potentials. In particular, we focus on the inconsistencies related to the requirement of an artificial cut-off of the potential in order to avoid exponential divergencies due to the complex rotation. For the pure two-body Coulomb potential we demonstrate analytically and numerically that the ECS inner solution is indeed the correct one, thus reinforcing the method; the extraction of the transition amplitude, however, remains problematic. We also show that a consistent application of the ECS method requires a distorted wave formulation, and two variants are proposed. Finally, we will propose an approach equivalent to the original ECS but that avoids all formal difficulties. It is based on performing the complex rotation on the basis functions rather than on the driven equation itself, and makes use of Sturmian functions with appropriately chosen outgoing boundary conditions. Our proposal differs from one of the original versions of the ECS method, through the use of physically based basis functions rather than pure numeric ones.     

Electromagnetic backscattering from one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface Ⅱ:Electromagnetic backscattering model

Sea surface current has a significant influence on electromagnetic(EM) backscattering signals and may constitute a dominant synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imaging mechanism. An effective EM backscattering model for a one-dimensional drifting fractal sea surface is presented in this paper. This model is used to simulate EM backscattering signals from the drifting sea surface. Numerical results show that ocean currents have a significant influence on EM backscattering signals from the sea surface. The normalized radar cross section(NRCS) discrepancies between the model for a coupled wavecurrent fractal sea surface and the model for an uncoupled fractal sea surface increase with the increase of incidence angle,as well as with increasing ocean currents. Ocean currents that are parallel to the direction of the wave can weaken the EM backscattering signal intensity, while the EM backscattering signal is intensified by ocean currents propagating oppositely to the wave direction. The model presented in this paper can be used to study the SAR imaging mechanism for a drifting sea surface.     

Wave functions,nodal domains,flow, and vortices in open microwave systems

The signatures of wave functions in open cylindrical microwave billiards are investigated. The wave functions are obtained by means of a transmission measurement from an attached lead to a probe antenna inside the billiard. One can deduce complex wave functions and current densities of the system from the measurement. We investigate distributions and correlations of wave functions, currents and other quantities and compare this results with predictions from the random plane wave approach. Vortices and saddles are created and annihilated as a function of frequency and show a rich dynamic. Additionally we investigate nodal domains of the real and imaginary part of the wave function, their relation to the phase rigidity, and its parametric dependance on global phase shifts.     

Nonlinear stationary waves with transport current in superconductors

The profile of a nonlinear stationary thermomagnetic wave in the resistive state of superconductors is studied at different transport currents. It is proved that the thermomagnetic wave has an oscillating profile at relatively high values of the transport current in the sample. A shock wave with a monotonic structure corresponds to comparatively weak transport currents. The wave propagation velocity and the wave front width in a superconductor are estimated.     

Particle simulation of a high-power gyrotron oscillator

A self consistent and time-dependent particle code has been developed to simulate the beam-wave dynamics in a gyrotron oscillator. The code is first applied to investigate the effect of the self-consistent field profile on the scaling of the cavity-filling rate with beam current. The fixed-field theory predicts that the transient-wave growth rate depends linearly on the beam current. The simulation results agree with the theoretical prediction at low beam currents. As the beam current increases, the modified field profile changes the nature of the gain scaling from linear to nonlinear. At higher beam currents, the excited wave is observed to exhibit the behavior of the modulated oscillation, due to unequal couplings to the forward- and backward-going waves by the beam. Associated with such amplitude modulation is a periodic variation of the self-consistent field profile. At still higher beam currents, the system becomes chaotic, showing the effect of periodic doubling. Simulation results are presented for the efficiency, the self-consistent field profile, and the scaling of the transient growth rate with the beam current     

台风“启德”对南海深海海洋环境噪声特性的影响研究

研究台风“启德”经过南海北部对南海深海海洋环境噪声的影响,表明台风导致的风速增减、降雨强弱以及形成的长波涌浪均会影响海洋环境噪声级的大小变化,海洋环境噪声显著受到台风的影响。相同风级下,台风期间海洋环境噪声级与风速的相关性明显好于非台风期间。分析测量的415 h海洋环境噪声数据与风速、波高的相关性,频率大于300 Hz时,海洋环境噪声级与风速的互相关系数大于0.5,达到中度相关;频率大于630 Hz时,互相关系数介于0.8和0.9之间,达到高度相关;频率大于300 Hz时,海洋环境噪声级与风速的相关性好于海洋环境噪声级与波高的相关性。南海海洋环境噪声10~20 Hz的次声频与风速的相关性差,是因为南海航运繁忙,该频段的海洋环境噪声会受到航船噪声的影响,即使台风期间也不例外。      

PTS装置工作模式及波形调节

为了对即将建成的PTS装置的实验能力进行分析,对装置的工作模式及波形调节能力进行了分析。装置具有三种工作模式:短脉冲模式、长脉冲模式和波形调节模式。在不同的工作模式下,装置可以进行不同负载的实验研究。在基本工作模式下,在15 nH负载上输出前沿90 ns、幅值8~10 MA脉冲电流。通过电路模拟,对装置在三种工作模式下预计的负载电流输出进行了分析,短脉冲模式下装置负载电流的上升时间约90 ns,长脉冲模式时约200 ns,波形调节模式时可以达到400 ns。模拟结果表明,通过调节激光触发气体开关的触发方式和脉冲输出开关及装置其他参数,PTS装置可以输出脉冲前沿100~400 ns、波形形状在一定范围可调的强电流脉冲。     

Effects of typhoon "KAI-TAK" on deep ocean ambient noise in the South China Sea

By investigating the effects on deep ocean ambient noise of typhoon "KAI-TAK" which passed the north area of the South China Sea,it is shown that the wind speed,the rainfall intensity and the long wave swell caused by typhoon affect the ocean ambient noise significantly.The correlation between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed during the typhoon is much better than that in the non-typhoon period in the same Beaufort scale.Analysis of the correlation between the 415 h ocean ambient noise measured data and wind speed shows that,when the frequency is greater than 300 Hz,the correlation coefficient between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed is greater than 0.5,achieving a moderate correlation;when the frequency is greater than 630 Hz,the correlation coefficient is between 0.8 and 0.9,achieving a high degree of correlation.The correlation between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed is better than that between the ocean ambient noise and the significant wave height when the frequency is greater than 300 Hz.The correlation between the ocean ambient noise and the wind speed in infrasonic band from 10 Hz to 20 Hz is poor in the South China Sea,because the shipping is busy in this sea area and the ocean ambient noise is contaminated by the ship noise even during the typhoon.     

The magnetic form factors of 3He and 3H with mesonic-exchange corrections: Effects of the D-state and the role of short-range correlations

We show that the D-state of the trinucleon and the short-range behavior of the S- and D-state wave functions are extremely important in determining the magnetic form factors of the three-body system. We present a complete calculation of the form factors taking into account the conventional impulse approximation for the nuclear current and contributions from mesonic exchange currents. The D-state wave function has been determined by perturbation theory.     

天线-罩系统的散射计算

应用物理光学法(PO)对天线-罩系统的散射特性进行分析。通过对罩壁的局部平板等效,导出了天线表面的感应电流和罩表面的等效电、磁流分布的计算公式。以口径天线-多层介质结构雷达罩为例,计算了天线、雷达罩及天线-罩系统的单、双站雷达散射截面(RCS),并研究了当照射波频率和天线扫描角变化时RCS的变化规律。     

台风莫拉克(2009)暴雨过程中位势切变形变波作用密度诊断分析和预报应用

在水平风场切变形变的基础上引入物理量——位势切变形变, 把水平风场的垂直分量和切变形变与广义位温的空间梯度结合起来. 该物理量的二阶扰动被定义为波作用密度, 在局地直角坐标系中推导了能够描述中尺度扰动系统发展演变的波作用方程. 对2009年登陆台风莫拉克引发的暴雨过程进行诊断分析, 结果表明, 台风中心区切变形变向涡度的转化显著, 该转化通过纬向风的经向梯度实现. 纬向风速的经向梯度与广义位温垂直梯度的耦合引起位涡和位势切变形变之间的转化, 以至于位势切变形变和位涡的异常值区分别位于台风环流的外侧和内侧. 波作用密度因能够描述水平扰动风场的垂直切变和切变形变以及凝 结潜热函数扰动梯度而与观测降水联系紧密. 相关统计分析表明, 2009年夏季波作用密度与6 h观测降水存在明显滞后相关性, 对未来6 h降水有一定的指示意义. 另外, 波作用密度通量散度和扰动非地转风位涡是影响波作用密度局地变化的主要物理因素. 基于波作用密度与观测降水的良好相关性, 建立了波作用密度暴雨预报方程. 2009年登陆台风"苏迪罗", "天鹅", "莫拉菲"和"巨爵"的暴雨预报个例分析和长时间序列的ETS评分计算表明, 波作用密度对台风暴雨具有较好的预报效果, 其预报降水能力略优于美国全球预报系统(GFS)的直接降水预报. 关键词： 位势切变形变 波作用密度 波作用通量散度 台风暴雨