微流控芯片对丹参滴注液中丹参素和原儿茶醛的测定

建立了微流控芯片非接触电导检测法测定丹参滴注液中丹参素与原儿茶醛含量的分析方法.探讨了缓冲液种类与浓度,添加剂、分离电压等因素对分离检测的影响.优化选择20 mmol/L H3BO3-20 mmol/L Tris缓冲溶液,加入1.5 mmol/L SDS添加剂,2.5 kV分离电压,3 min内可实现丹参素和原儿茶醛的快速分离检测.在优化条件下,丹参素的线性范围为10 ～500 mg/L,r为0.986,检出限为5.0 mg/L (S/N=3),RSD为2.1%;原儿茶醛的线性范围为50 ～500 mg/L,r为0.993,检出限为10 mg/L (S/N=3),RSD为2.8%.     

毛细管电泳非接触电导法测定4种中枢神经系统用药

运用毛细管电泳非接触式电导检测方法对4种中枢神经系统用药-盐酸阿扑吗啡、氢溴酸加兰他敏、富马酸喹硫平、氯氮平的分离进行了研究。考察了电泳介质的种类、浓度、分离电压、进样时间对分离效果的影响,在10 mmol/L三羟基氨基甲烷(Tris)-8 mmol/L柠檬酸(Cit)-20%甲醇的运行缓冲液中,激发电压为60V,激发频率为600kHz,4种药物在15 min内得到了分离。4种药物的线性范围分别为0.97～15.6 mg/L;0.97～15.6 mg/L;0.48～15.6 mg/L和0.97～250 mg/L,检测限为0.32,0.32,0.16和0.32 mg/L。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定化妆品中的尿囊素和泛醇

采用反相高效液相色谱法同时分离测定化妆品中的尿囊素和泛醇。用YWG C 18 柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d., 10 μm)分离,以0.02 mol/L 磷酸二氢钾-甲醇(体积比为90∶10)为流动相,检测波长210 nm。尿囊素的最低检测量为8 ng,最低检测浓度为0.4 mg/L ;泛醇的最低检测量为32 ng,最低检测浓度为1.6 mg/L 。尿囊素和泛醇的回收率分别为82.03%～103.80%和95.50%～109.12%;选择唇膏等4个不同样品作了精密度实验,样品中目标组分含     

毛细管电泳-方波安培法分离检测滴鼻液中的麻黄碱

在熔融石英毛细管 (75mm× 5 0cm )中 ,以 5mmol/LTris(三羟甲基氨基甲烷 ) +5mmol/LH3 BO3(pH =6 .5 )为电泳介质 ,采用毛细管电泳 方波安培检测法 ,实现了滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱的分离检测。探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、浓度、pH值、检测电位等因素对分离检测效果的影响。线性范围为 0 .8～ 2 0 2mg/L ,检出限为 0 .3mg/L ,回收率为 92 %～ 10 4 %。     

毛细管电泳-电化学法对发芽黑米胚芽中γ-氨基丁酸含量的检测

采用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)为柱前衍生化试剂,用毛细管电泳-电化学检测的方法(CE-ED)测定发芽黑米胚芽中γ-氨基丁酸、缬氮酸和亮氨酸的含量.以直径为300μm的碳圆盘电极为工作电极,50mmol/L硼砂(pH 8.2)为运行缓冲液,对上述3种组分的分离检测条件进行优化研究.在优化条件下,3组分可在15min内完全分离.γ-氨基丁酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸的线性范围分别为5.0×10-3～0.12、5.0×10-3～0.08和5.0×10-3～0.12g/L,检出限(S/N=3)分别为2.5×10-3、2.5×10-3、2.6×10-3g/L;7次平行进样峰高的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.5%、4.9%、3.9%.     

微流控芯片测定盐酸地芬尼多片中盐酸地芬尼多

利用微流控芯片非接触电导检测法测定片剂中盐酸地芬尼多的含量.采用1 mmol/L HAc+2 mmol/L NaAc(pH 4.5)为缓冲溶液,0.2 mmol/L 十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为添加剂,在分离电压为2.20 kV,进样时间为10 s下,1 min内实现组分快速分离和检测.盐酸地芬尼多线性范围为5～160 ...     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法同时检测食品中5种人工合成甜味剂

建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测仪(HPLC-ELSD)同时检测食品中安赛蜜、糖精钠、甜蜜素、三氯蔗糖和阿斯巴甜5种甜味剂的方法。甜味剂经0.1%(v/v)甲酸缓冲液提取后,利用C18固相萃取小柱净化浓缩,以3 μm C18柱为分离柱,0.1%(v/v)甲酸(氨水调节pH=3.5)-甲醇(61:39, v/v)为流动相,经高效液相色谱法分离,蒸发光散射检测器进行检测。结果表明,5种甜味剂在30～1000 mg/L的范围内,具有良好的线性关系(相关系数大于0.997);在3个添加水平下,样品的平均回收率为85.6%～109.0%,相对标准偏差小于4.0%;方法检出限(LOD,信噪比(S/N)=3)分别为安赛蜜2.5 mg/L、糖精钠3 mg/L、甜蜜素10 mg/L、三氯蔗糖2.5 mg/L及阿斯巴甜5 mg/L。该方法简单、灵敏、操作成本低,可用于不同形态食品中多种甜味剂的同时检测。     

气相色谱-热能分析仪法同时测定食品接触材料及制品中15种N-亚硝胺在酒精类食品模拟物中的迁移量

建立了气相色谱-热能分析仪法(GC-TEA)同时测定食品接触材料及制品中15种N-亚硝胺在酒精类食品模拟物中迁移量的方法。对气相色谱条件、前处理方法(液液萃取法)进行优化,以10%乙醇、20%乙醇、50%乙醇作为食品模拟物,浸泡液经稀释、液液萃取、浓缩、DB-FFAP色谱柱分离后,采用热能分析仪进行检测,外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,15种N-亚硝胺实现了良好的基线分离,线性范围为0.025～0.5 mg/L,相关系数(r²)大于0.998,检出限(LOD)为0.200μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.625μg/kg。加标回收率为85.7%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10%。该方法具有操作简单、线性范围好、灵敏度和准确度高等优点,适用于食品接触材料及制品中15种N-亚硝胺迁移量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触用纸和纸制品中乙烯亚胺的迁移量

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立了食品接触用纸和纸制品中乙烯亚胺迁移量的测定方法。以0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液和甲醇作为流动相,使用电喷雾离子源对目标物进行电离,采用多反应监测模式进行测定。结果表明,乙烯亚胺在4%乙酸、10%乙醇、95%乙醇与异辛烷模拟物中的线性范围为0.003～0.05 mg/L,检出限为1μg/L;在橄榄油模拟物中的线性范围为0.003～0.05 mg/kg,检出限为1μg/kg。各食品模拟物中,乙烯亚胺的加标回收率为96.0%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%～5.9%。采用该方法对20批次实际样品进行检测,有2批次检出乙烯亚胺。该方法简单快速,具有较高的准确性、灵敏度,适用于食品接触用纸和纸制品中乙烯亚胺迁移量的检测。     

顶空气相色谱质谱法快速测定液体食品中的挥发性酸

建立了一种用于快速测定食品中挥发性有机酸的分析方法.利用顶空技术对样品进行前处理,并与气相色谱质谱联用,用离子选择对11种挥发性有机酸进行定量分析.在优化的实验条件下,方法线性关系良好,线性范围为0.20 ～5 mg/L.11种挥发性有机酸的相关系数均大于0.998 6,检出限为0.000 2 ～35.5 mg/L,比全扫描检出限低1 ～3个数量级.11种挥发性有机酸的回收率为93% ～99%,相对标准偏差均小于10%.该方法简便、快速、重复性好、定性定量准确,适于食品中挥发性有机化合物的检测.     

Determination of paraffins in food simulants and packaging materials by liquid chromatography with evaporative mass detection and identification of paraffin type by liquid chromatography/gas chromatography and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

A liquid chromatographic method with evaporative mass detection (EMD) is described for the determination of paraffins in food contact materials that do not contain polyolefin oligomers, or paraffins migrating from these materials into fatty food simulants or certain simple foods. A normal-phase column operating at maximum column efficiency separates nonparaffinic and paraffinic materials without resolving the latter into individual components, and EMD is used to quantitate the paraffins. An on-line qualitative method that uses liquid chromatography/gas chromatography with flame ionization detection discriminates between paraffin waxes and oils in food contact materials, food simulants, and certain simple foods; a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric qualitative method also discriminates between waxes and oils, but is usually restricted to food contact materials that do not contain polyolefins and to migration experiments with organic solvents as fatty food simulants (with some other fatty food simulants, paraffin type must then be identified in the food contact material).     

Improving the universal response of evaporative light scattering detection by mobile phase compensation

Mobile phase compensation, first reported for the charged aerosol detector (CAD), was used as a suitable method to overcome problems related to the mobile phase-dependent response of the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). Mobile phase compensation was effectively performed both in the flow injection- and in gradient modes. Without compensation, the response factors of the ELSD for six sulfonamide drugs differed by a factor of two when varying the mobile phase composition between 10 and 90% acetonitrile. This change could be effectively eliminated using the technique of mobile phase compensation, where a secondary pump with a reversed gradient was used to provide the detector with a constant composition of the mobile phase. For identical experimental conditions, the ELSD showed a nearly constant, albeit somewhat reduced, response with compensation. This indicates that under such conditions, the ELSD behaved as a concentration-sensitive detector. The analysis of sulfonamides drugs at 0.05% level using gradient UPLC-ELSD separation with mobile phase compensation is demonstrated.     

Polypropylene as a potential matrix for the creation of shape stabilized phase change materials

Phase change materials, based on isotactic polypropylene (PP) blended with soft and hard Fischer−Tropsch paraffin wax respectively, were studied in this paper. DSC, DMA, TGA and SEM were used to determine the structure and properties of the blends. While paraffin waxes in the blend changed state from solid to liquid, the PP matrix kept the material in a compact shape. Strong phase separation was observed in both cases, which was more pronounced in the case of soft paraffin wax. Despite the fact that both grades of paraffin wax are not miscible with PP due to different crystalline structures, it was shown that the hard Fischer−Tropsch paraffin wax is more compatible with PP than the soft one. Both waxes plasticized the PP matrix. TGA showed that PP blended with the hard Fischer−Tropsch wax degrades in just one step, whereas blends containing soft paraffin wax degrade in two distinguishable steps. SEM exposed a completely different morphology for the two paraffin waxes and confirmed the lower compatibility of PP and soft paraffin wax. The soft and hard characters of the waxes were manifested in the viscoelastic properties, where the blends containing soft paraffin wax exhibited a lower elastic modulus than pure polypropylene, whereas the hard Fisher−Tropsch paraffin wax solidified the matrix. However, both kinds of blends were able to sustain the dynamic forces applied by the DMA within five cycle runs implying good shape stability.     

Characterization of low molecular weight hydrocarbon oligomers by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a solvent-free sample preparation method.

A new solvent-free sample preparation method using silver trifluoroacetate (AgTFA) was developed for the analysis of low molecular weight paraffins and microcrystalline waxes by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOFMS). Experiments show that spectral quality can be enhanced by dispersing AgTFA directly in liquid paraffins without the use of additional solvents. This preparation mixture is applied directly to the MALDI probe. Solid waxes could be examined by melting prior to analysis. The method also provides sufficiently reproducible spectra that peak area ratios between mono- and bicyclic alkane peaks indicated variations in the cycloalkane content of paraffin samples. Dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons observed during the desorption/ionization process was studied by analysis of alkane standards.     

Efficient optimization of ultra‐high‐ performance supercritical fluid chromatographic separation of Rosa sericea by response surface methodology

An approach for rapid optimization of ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatographic (UHPSFC) gradient by response surface methodology was developed for fast separation of complex crude extracts of the leaves of Rosa sericea. The optimization was performed with Box–Behnken designs and the multicriteria response variables were described using Derringer's desirability. Based on factorial design experiments, five factors were selected for Box–Behnken designs to optimize the UHPSFC conditions, which led to 46 experiments being performed within 8 h. An evaporative light‐scattering detector (ELSD) was used, and quantitative analysis of main components in R. sericea samples was employed to evaluate the statistical significance of the parameters on UHPSFC‐ELSD analytes response. The results indicated that the optimized UHPSFC‐ELSD method is very sensitive with LODs and LOQs below 1.19 and 4.55 μg/mL, respectively. The overall intra‐ and interday variations were less than 3.91 and 6.41%, respectively. The recovery of the method ranged from 95.66 to 104.22%, with RSD < 5.91%. This newly developed UHPSFC‐ELSD method was demonstrated to be fast and sensitive in analyzing complex herbal extracts of Traditional Chinese Medicines.     

Phase change materials based on low-density polyethylene/paraffin wax blends

Phase change materials, based on low-density polyethylene blended with soft and hard paraffin waxes respectively, were studied in this paper. DSC, DMA, TGA and SEM were employed to determine the structure and properties of the blends. The blends were able to absorb large amounts of heat energy due to melting of paraffin wax, whereas the LDPE matrix kept the material in a compact shape on macroscopic level. The hard paraffin wax was, however, much more miscible with LDPE because of co-crystallization than the soft paraffin wax. LDPE blended with hard paraffin wax degrades in just one step, while blends containing soft paraffin wax degrade in two distinguishable steps. SEM showed completely different morphology for the two paraffin waxes and confirmed the lower miscibility of LDPE and soft paraffin wax. DMA analyses demonstrated the toughening effect of the waxes on the polymer matrix. This technique was also used to follow the thermal expansion as well as the dimensional stability of the samples during thermal cycling. The most visible expansion could be seen in the first cycle, probably due to a totally different thermal history of the sample. With further cycling the dimensions stabilized after two and four cycles for soft and hard paraffin wax, respectively. Controlled force ramp testing on DMA confirmed poor material strength of the blends containing soft wax, especially at temperatures above wax melting.     

Method development for a quantitative analysis performed without any standard using an evaporative light-scattering detector

A new method for quantitative analyses using an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) is proposed. It is based on the preliminary determination of the calibration curve of an ELSD which correlates coefficient b and loga, the two coefficients from the equation: A=am(b), that characterize the law of the quantitative response for an ELSD. Dilutions of the mixture to be analyzed allow the determination of coefficient b for each component of the mixture. The knowledge of the b value and the experimental relationship correlating b with loga allows to determine the loga value and consequently to quantify each compound of the mixture. This method is an alternative to the quantitative method which uses an internal normalization without any response coefficient. This internal normalization method used with an ELSD provides inaccurate results and this inaccuracy increases when the analytes are in very different proportions. The relevance of the new method proposed in this work lies in the quantification of all the components present in a complex mixture when some of them are not available as standards.     

Determination of Biodiesel and Triacylglycerols in Diesel Fuel by LC

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for quantifying blends of biodiesel (simple alkyl esters of fatty acids) in petrodiesel. The method uses a silica column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of hexane and methyl t-butyl ether. Separated components were quantitated using either an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) or UV detector. Precision of injection and linearity of response of the ELSD and UV detectors over a range of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends [1–30 v/v %] were established by use of standards. The method also can be used for quantitating similar levels of oils or fats (triacylglycerols) in petrodiesel.     

蒸发光散射检测技术研究进展

目前,高效液相色谱(HPLC)日益普及,所分析的样品范围也越来越广。检测器作为HPLC仪的重要组成部分,其发展在某种意义上决定着HPLC技术的进步[1]。作为一种HPLC检测技术,蒸发光散射检测(ELSD)不仅可弥补常规紫外检测(UVD)不能检测无紫外吸收或只有紫外末端吸收物质的缺陷,而且与     

Analysis of carbohydrates in drinks by high-performance liquid chromatography with a dynamically modified amino column and evaporative light scattering detection

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with a dynamically modified amino column and evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) was established for the direct analysis of the carbohydrates in some drinks. A separation column (Zorbax Rx-SIL, 250 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm, Hewlett-Packard, USA) which was modified by ethylenediamine and a guard column (Zorbax Rx-SIL, 12.5 mm x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm) were used. The mobile phase was a mixture of water-acetonitrile (1:2.6, v/v) containing 0.03% (v/v) ethylenediamine. Regression equations revealed linear relationship (correlation coefficients=0.996-0.999) between the mass of carbohydrates injected and the carbohydrates peak areas detected by ELSD. The detection limits of ELSD (S/N=3) were between 0.2 and 1.2 microg for different carbohydrates. This method is simple and sensitive.