分子偶极聚合物驻极体的红外和可见光谱研究

本文利用红外和可见吸收光谱研究了具有二阶非线性光学活性的分子偶极聚合物驻极体材料中偶极子的取向稳定性与分子结构之间的关系，讨论了制备时所用的溶剂对材料微结构的影响。结果表明该材料在玻璃态温度下极化时，引起生色团分子偶极矩沿电场方向取抽，是建立在生色团分子共轭л体系被破坏的基础上，这是一种亚稳态。偶氮类分子的顺-反结构在光、热的作用下极易发生转变，是引起常温下生色团分子有序取向结构松驰的主要原因。制备时所用的溶剂将影响生色团分子在聚合物基底中的存在形式，进而影响分子偶极聚合物驻极体的稳定性。     

主客体掺杂型非线性光学聚合物驻极体DR1/PMMA膜中空间和偶极电荷的相互作用特性

运用热刺激放电、表面电位衰减和电光效应的检测等手段,对主客体掺杂型非线性光学聚合物驻极体DR1/PMMA膜中空间和偶极电荷的相互作用特性进行了研究．结果表明,在极化后的样品中,被样品表面或体内的各类陷阱捕获的大部分空间电荷所处的陷阱能级高于极性生色团分子的定向排列产生的偶极电荷的束缚能级,空间电荷对偶极电荷有强烈的束缚作用．空间电荷衰减将导致材料内的电场分布发生变化,并引起极性生色团分子的松弛．空间电荷稳定性决定着偶极电荷的寿命. 关键词：     

主客体掺杂型非线性光学聚合物驻极体 DR1/PMMA膜中空间和偶极 电荷的相互作用特性

运用热刺激放电、表面电位衰减和电光效应的检测等手段,对主客体掺杂型非线性光学聚合物驻极体ＤＲ１／ＰＭＭＡ膜中空间和偶极电荷的相互作用特性进行了研究．结果表明,在极化后的样品中,被样品表面或体内的各类陷阱捕获的大部分空间电荷所处的陷阱能级高于极性生色团分子的定向排列产生的偶极电荷的束缚能级,空间电荷对偶极电荷有强烈的束缚作用．空间电荷衰减将导致材料内的电场分布发生变化,并引起极性生色团分子的松弛．空间电荷稳定性决定着偶极电荷的寿命     

有序结构氟聚合物压电驻极体的制备和压电性研究

描述了一种有序微孔结构压电聚合物功能膜的制备方法,利用模板的高度有序实现薄膜微孔结构的精确控制.将此制备方法用于氟聚合物压电驻极体薄膜的制备,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其微观结构的观察表明薄膜具有理想的有序结构.对氟聚合物压电驻极体压电性的研究则是利用正压电效应测量准静态压电系数d₃₃,通过等温衰减和压强依赖性的测量考察其压电性能.结果表明:有序结构氟聚合物压电驻极体的准静态压电系数d₃₃可高达300 pC/N;与无序结构氟聚合物     

多孔聚四氟乙烯/氟代乙烯丙烯共聚物复合驻极体材料的压电效应研究

采用高温熔融和电晕充电方法制备了由聚四氟乙烯/氟代乙烯丙烯共聚物复合而成的空间电荷驻极体压电膜.借助准静态压电系数测量，研究了制备工艺对复合膜压电活性的影响.根据Kacprzyk等提出的复合驻极体膜的压电模型，结合等温表面电位衰减和压电系数衰减测量结果，讨论了驻极体复合膜系统中的压电性产生机制.结果表明，压电效应的大小不仅取决于俘获在材料中的电荷密度的大小，还与被俘获电荷在材料中的存在形式和分布有关. 关键词： 空间电荷驻极体 压电效应 聚合物复合膜     

一种共轭聚合物单分子发色团吸收和发射特性动态演变过程的实时测量

利用频域信息重构的散焦宽场成像测量了Poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole](PFO-DBT)共轭聚合物单分子发色团的吸收与发射特性及其动态演变过程.通过调制用于激发共轭聚合物单分子的超短脉冲对的相对相位,对单分子荧光进行傅里叶变换的频域测量,跟踪发色团吸收偶极取向变化;通过测量散焦荧光成像光斑探测发色团发射偶极取向变化.研究发现, PFO-DBT共轭聚合物单分子发色团存在吸收和发射偶极取向均保持不变、其中之一变化以及两者同时变化三种情况.这种对共轭聚合物单分子发色团吸收和发射偶极取向演化过程的实时测量可用于分析共轭聚合物构象变化及其对能量转移过程的影响.     

室温单分子偶极取向与量子化再取向动力学实验研究

对室温下染料单分子进行了偶极取向和偶极再取向动力学的实验研究.利用共焦扫描显微镜光学系统与荧光偏振探测分析相结合的方法分别测量了聚合体薄膜中的单分子和无聚合体薄膜的单分子偶极方向变化特性,经采样统计测量镶嵌于聚合体薄膜中的单分子发生偶极再取向的概率约为5%—9%,无聚合体薄膜的单分子发生偶极再取向的概率约为26%.通过测量单分子荧光的偏振度轨迹曲线发现,偶极再取向存在着在多个偏振态之间的量子化跳跃行为. 关键词： 单分子 偶极取向 再取向 量子化跳跃     

有序分子系统的线性与非线性光谱学的简化描述

通过对有序分子系统的线性与非线性光谱学的简化描述 ,帮助对有序分子体系光谱学进行研究的实验学家建立明确的物理图像和定量的研究工具 .这一描述是从最近对二阶非线性光学界面研究技术 ,即光学二次谐波 (SHG)和和频偏振振动光谱 (SFG VPS)的定量取向和偏振处理中推广出来的 .这一处理的方法关键在于简化线性和非线性光学中的有效极化率 ,构造出一个通用的取向泛函 ,并能通过实验参数清晰地计算出取向泛函的取向和强度因子 .同时还讨论了相干光谱技术在准确测量有序分子体系的取向和序的相比于非相干光谱方法的优点 .     

外电场操控单分子的偶极取向极化特性研究

单分子偶极取向的有效操控对于提高单分子荧光收集效率及荧光共振能量转移等相关研究具有重要的意义.本文通过测量单分子荧光偏振特性的变化,研究了外部电场作用下极性单分子的偶极取向极化特性,实现了外电场对单分子偶极取向的有效操控.研究发现电场方向与单分子样品表面平行时,掺杂在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物薄膜中的取向随机分布的极性单分子荧光偏振方向呈现出双峰统计分布规律,表明在溶剂挥发过程中外电场诱导极性单分子偶极取向进行了重新分布.     

聚四氟乙烯多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性

利用在室温和高温下的栅控恒压电晕充电,常温电晕充电后经不同温度老化处理后的表面电位衰减测量,及开路热刺激放电(ThermallyStimulatedDischarge,TSD)研究了正负充电后PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene)多孔薄膜驻极体的电荷储存稳定性.PTFE多孔膜,PTFE非多孔膜(TeflonPTFE)和FEP(TetrafluoroethylenehexafluoropropyleneCopolymer)非多孔膜(TeflonFEP)间的电荷储存稳定性的比较研究也已进行.通过等温退极化程序,对上述三种薄膜驻极体的电荷储存寿命(有效时间常数)τ进行了定量估算.结果指出:在有机驻极体材料中,对正负充电后两种极性驻极体样品的PTFE多孔薄膜驻极体均呈现最优异的电荷储存稳定性,尤其是在高温条件下.通过扫描电镜(SEM)对这种新结构的氟聚合物驻极体材料的突出电荷储存能力和结构根源也已初步讨论. 关键词： 聚四氟乙烯 多孔膜 驻极体 电荷稳定性     

The comparative studies of charge storage stabilities among three PP/porous PTFE/PP electret

In this paper, PP/porous PTFE/PP electret, pressure sensitive adhesive PP/porous PTFE/PP electret and PP/porous PTFE/PP electret drug transdermal patch were prepared. By means of the surface potential decaying measurement and thermal discharge method, the charged storage stability was compared among them. The results indicated that (1) negative PP/porous PTFE/PP electret could still hold 93.4% of its initial surface potential when it was kept at RT for 16 days and exhibited better charge storage stability than positive electret. (2) The humidity almost had no influence in the charge storage stability of the electret. (3) The positive and negative PP/porous PTFE/PP adhesive electret could respectively hold 87.5% and 75.6% of their initial surface potential when being kept at room temperature for 13 days. The adhesive had a little influence in the charge storage stability of the electret. (4) Both the negative and positive PP/porous PTFE/PP electret drug transdermal patch had excellent charge storage stability.     

掺杂偶氮化合物的PMMA光折变聚合物的拉曼光谱分析

光折变聚合物具有良好的光折变效应,采用以惰性聚合物PMMA为基体,掺杂偶氮化合物染料的光折变聚合物具有较好的光学非线性和稳定性。文章主要介绍使用激光拉曼光谱仪对合成聚合物的各单体和聚合物薄膜进行拉曼光谱扫描,对比分析各个单体成分的特征谱峰与聚合物薄膜特征谱峰,肯定了实验中得到的光折变聚合物薄膜与理论上要求得到的一致性。     

Investigation on the nonlinear optical properties of the DCNP/PEK-c guest–host polymer films

The polyetherketone (PEK-c) guest-host polymer thin films doped with 3-(1,1-dicyanothenyl)-1-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pryazole (DCNP) were prepared. The polymer films were investigated with in situ second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurement. The corona poling temperature was optimized by the temperature dependence of the in situ SHG signal intensity under the poling electric field applying. The temporal and temperature stability of the second-order properties of the poled polymer film were measured by the in situ SHG signal intensity probing. The second-order NLO coefficient L₃₃⁽²⁾=32.65 pm/V at 5=1064 nm was determined by using the Maker fringe method after poling under the optimal poling condition. The dispersion of the NLO coefficient of the guest-host polymer system was determined by the measured value of L₃₃⁽²⁾ at 1064 nm and the two-level model.     

聚合物薄膜中生色团分子间的相互作用对其宏观二阶非线性的影响

制备了3-(1,1-二氰基噻吩)-1-苯-4,5-二羟基-H-噻唑(DCNP)与聚醚醚酮(PEK-c)组成的主客掺杂聚合物薄膜,用Maker条纹法测量了不同掺杂浓度下薄膜的二阶非线性系数χ₃₃⁽²⁾.实验结果表明,聚合物中生色团的含量高到一定程度,其宏观二阶非线性随生色团含量的增加反而下降.本文在考虑聚合物中生色团分子相互作用的情况下,修正了聚合物宏观二阶非线性与生色团的含量之间的关系,此时聚合物宏观二阶非线性与生色团的含量已非简单的正比关系.讨论了生色团分子间 关键词：     

Investigation of the polyetherketone guest–host DR1/PEK-c polymer films by real-time monitoring of the second-harmonic generation

The real-time monitoring of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) was used to optimize the poling condition and to study the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the polyetherketone (PEK-c) guest–host polymer films. The high second-order NLO coefficient χ₃₃⁽²⁾=11.02 pm/v measured at 1.064 μm was achieved when the weight percent of DR1 guest in the polymer system is 20%. The NLO activity of the poled DR1/PEK-c polymer film can maintain more than 80% of its initial value when temperature is under 100°C, and the normalized second-order NLO coefficient can maintain more than 85% after 2400 s at 80°C.     

Electret accelerometers: physics and dynamic characterization

Electret microphones are produced in numbers that significantly exceed those for all other microphone types. This is due to the fact that air-borne electret sensors are of simple and low-cost design but have very good acoustical properties. In contrast, most of the discrete structure-borne sound sensors (or accelerometers) are based on the piezoelectric effect. In the present work, capacitive accelerometers utilizing the electret principle were constructed, built, and characterized. These electret accelerometers comprise a metallic seismic mass, covered by an electret film, a ring of a soft cellular polymer supplying the restoring force, and a metallic backplate. These components replace membrane, spacer, and back electrode, respectively, of the electret microphone. An adjustable static pressure to the seismic mass is generated by two metal springs. The dynamic characterization of the accelerometers was carried out by using an electrodynamic shaker and an external charge or voltage amplifier. Sensors with various seismic masses, air gap distances, and electret voltages were investigated. Charge sensitivities from 10 to 40 pC/g, voltage sensitivities from 600 to 2000 mV/g, and resonance frequencies from 3 to 1.5 kHz were measured. A model describing both the charge and the voltage sensitivity is presented. Good agreement of experimental and calculated values is found. The experimental results show that sensitive, lightweight, and inexpensive electret accelerometers can be built.     

电晕充电的聚丙烯无纺布空气过滤膜的电荷储存及稳定性

讨论了用作空气过滤材料的聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP）无纺布驻极体的电荷储存能力及 其稳定性. 研究了温度和环境湿度对电荷稳定性的影响，并从材料形貌特征和能阱结构方面 分析了电荷储存对湿度敏感效应的结构根源. 指出热处理工艺（包括常温充电后老化和高温 充电）对电荷稳定性的明显改善. 结果说明PP无纺布驻极体在常温常湿时呈现出很好的电荷 储存寿命，脱阱电荷的输运规律受慢再俘获效应控制. 关键词： 聚丙烯无纺布 驻极体 电荷稳定性 湿度和温度     

The homocharge in polymer films

If a polymer film is converted to an electret in a glow discharge, or else thermally in air, one gets a layered electret, in which the outer layers have charges of opposite signs trapped in potential wells and other traps, while the middle layer has a high resistance and is probably electrically neutral. Charge neutralization occurs via this layer, and this goes on gradually during the fairly long lifetime of the electret.Read at the Third All-Union Conference on the Electrical Properties of Polymers, Leningrad, February 1972.Translated from Izvestiya VUZ. Fizika, No. 6, pp. 57–61, June, 1973.     

界面极化注极聚丙烯薄膜驻极体的电荷存储特性研究

本文报道一种基于双层介质界面极化机理的新型驻极体注极技术: 借助辅助层对PP薄膜进行注极. 采用表面电位测试方法考察了注极温度、注极电压对所获PP薄膜驻极体电荷存储性能的影响, 并利用热刺激放电技术研究了其高温电荷存储性能, 同时测试了PP薄膜驻极体在X和Y方向的静电场分布. 结果表明: 界面极化注极是一种比电晕注极更为优异的驻极体形成方法. 在一定温度下, 驻极体表面电位随注极电压的增加而增加, 而且两者呈线性关系, 这一结果与注极过程的电荷积聚方程的分析完全一致. 注极温度的影响研究表明, 在保持注极电压不变(注极电压范围为0.5–3.0 kV)的情况下, 温度低于75 ℃时, 温度的变化对于注极效果的影响不明显; 当注极温度大于75 ℃ 时, PP薄膜驻极体的表面电位随注极温度的增加而增加. 表面电位随时间的变化研究表明, PP薄膜驻极体具有良好的电荷存储稳定性. 对其表面电位分布的测试表明, 界面极化注极所形成的PP薄膜驻极体呈现均匀的静电场分布.