化学反应热动力学研究的新进展

综述了用热导式热量计研究化学反应热动力学的最新状况,重点评述了动态法和热流法及其在化学与生物领域中的应用     

较快反应的热动力学天空

根据热导式热量计的工作原理,提出了热导式热量计的界面模型,建立了感温滞后条件下热量计的理论方程,从而提出了一种较快反应的热动力学研究法---失真热谱曲线修正法,并利用该法成功地研究了几个较快的准一级和等浓度二级反应的热动力学。     

较快反应的热动力学天空

根据热导式热量计的工作原理,提出了热导式热量计的界面模型,建立了感温滞后条件下热量计的理论方程,从而提出了一种较快反应的热动力学研究法---失真热谱曲线修正法,并利用该法成功地研究了几个较快的准一级和等浓度二级反应的热动力学。     

热动力学对比进度法IV. 热导式热量计的单参数理论模型与热谱重建

本文建立了热导式热量计的单参数理论模型, 在此基础上系统地提出了热谱重建法, 并结合热动力学对比进度法, 对几个化学反应体系进行了热动力学研究。实验结果验证了本文方法及其理论基础的正确性。     

热动力学对比进度法IV. 热导式热量计的单参数理论模型与热谱重建

本文建立了热导式热量计的单参数理论模型, 在此基础上系统地提出了热谱重建法, 并结合热动力学对比进度法, 对几个化学反应体系进行了热动力学研究。实验结果验证了本文方法及其理论基础的正确性。     

热导式热量计冷却常数的化学标定法

热导式热量计是热力学研究的重要工具,其量热体系之仪器常数的标定目前所广泛采用的方法是电能标定法,有时也采用化学标定法．前者简单、方便,能满足热静力学与热动力学研究中的需要,但电能标定所得仪器常数与化学反应时的仪器常数不一定完全相同［１］,特别是有些热...     

模拟热谱曲线法（Ⅰ）——简单级数化学反应

提出模拟各种简单级数化学反应的普适热谱曲线方程△＝ａｔｅ＾－ｋβｔ，建立了一种新的热动力学研究法－－模拟热谱曲线法，导出了简单级数化学反应的动力学参数Ｋｎ和速率常数ｋｎ的计算式。实验说明该方法对研究慢反应及较快的反应均适用，还能用于求热动力学体系的冷却常数。     

热动力学对比进度法 I. 可逆反应热动力学模型

引入“对比进度”的概念, 建立了可逆反应动力学新的数学模型, 提出了可逆反应动力学的对比进度研究法. 并用热导式自动热量计研究了一个可逆反应体系, 计算结果与文献值符合甚好, 验证了数学模型及对比进度法的正确性.     

热动力学对比进度法V. 连续一级反应的热动力学研究法

本文导出了连续一级反应动力学和热动力学的对比进度方程, 建立了连续一级反应热动力学的数学模型。根据该模型, 可由一次实验的热谱数据同时解析出两步反应的速率常数和摩尔反应焓。采用热导式热量计研究了己二酸二乙酯皂化反应的热动力学, 实验结果验证了本文热动力学模型的正确性。     

热动力学对比进度法V. 连续一级反应的热动力学研究法

本文导出了连续一级反应动力学和热动力学的对比进度方程, 建立了连续一级反应热动力学的数学模型。根据该模型, 可由一次实验的热谱数据同时解析出两步反应的速率常数和摩尔反应焓。采用热导式热量计研究了己二酸二乙酯皂化反应的热动力学, 实验结果验证了本文热动力学模型的正确性。     

Thermokinetic Research Method for Faster First-order Reaction. Double-parameter method

This paper presents a novel data processing method for thermokinetics of faster first-order reaction on the basis of the double-parameter theoretical model of a conduction calorimeter, in which the rate constant of a first-order reaction can be calculated from only four peak height data from the same thermoanalytical curve without using any peak-area. The saponifications of ethyl acetate and methyl acetate in aqueous solution and ethyl benzoate in aqueous alcohol have been studied to test the validity of this method. The rate constants calculated with this method are in fair agreement with those in literature; hence the validity of this method is demonstrated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Characteristic parameter method for studying kinetics of opposing reactions in calorimeter

According to the theoretical basis of thermokinetics, the integral and differential thermokinetic equations of opposing reactions have been derived, and a novel thermokinetic research method, the characteristic parameter method for opposing reactions which taking place in a batch conduction calorimeter under isothermal condition, has been proposed in this paper. Only needing the characteristic thermoanalytical data corresponding to t_m and 2t_m from the same curve, the rate constants of forward and backward reactions and equilibrium constant can be calculated simultaneously with this method. In order to test the validity of this method, the proton-transfer reactions of nitroethane with ammonia at 15 and 25°C, and with trihydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris) at 15 and 30°C have been studied, respectively. The results of rate constants and equilibrium constants calculated with this method are in agreement with those in the literature. Therefore, the characteristic parameter method for opposing reaction is believed to be correct.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

连续一级反应的热动力学研究法: 自函数回归法

根据热动力学基本理论,推导出了热导式量热计测量的连续一级反应的热谱曲线的动力学解析方程,并推出了连续一级反应热动力学的自函数递推方程,由此建立了一种研究连续一级反应的热动力学新方法-自函数回归法。通过对丁二酸二乙酯和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的皂化反应的热谱曲线分析,验证了自函数回归法的正确性。     

Characteristic parameter method for studying chemical kinetics in calorimeter

A novel thermokinetic research method for determination of rate constants of simple-order reaction in batch conduction calorimeter under isothermal condition, the characteristic parameter method, is proposed in this paper. Only needing the characteristic time parameter tm obtained from the measured thermoanalytical curve, the kinetic parameters of reactions studied can be calculated conveniently with this method. The saponifications of ethyl propionate and ethyl acetate in aqueous ethanol solvent, the polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution, the ring opening reaction of epichlorohydrin with hydrobromic acid have been studied. The experimental results indicate that the characteristic parameter method for simple-order reaction is correct. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Behavior Analysis of Two Synthesized Flavor Precursors of N‐alkylpyrrole Derivatives

To expand the library of pyrrole‐containing flavor precursors, two new flavor precursors—methyl N‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐5‐formylpyrrole‐3‐carboxylate (NBMF) and methyl N‐butyl‐2‐methyl‐5‐formylpyrrole‐3‐carboxylate (NUMF)—were synthesized by cyclization, oxidation, and alkylation reactions. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimeter, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized to analyze the thermal degradation behavior and thermal degradation products of NBMF and NUMF. The TG‐DTG curve indicated that the maximum mass loss rates of NBMF and NUMF appear at 310 and 268°C, respectively. The largest peaks of NBMF and NUMF showed by the differential scanning calorimeter curve were 315 and 274°C, respectively. Pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detected small molecule fragrance compounds appeared during thermal degradation, such as 2‐methylpyrrole, 1‐methylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylic acid methyl ester, limonene, and methyl formate. Finally, the thermal degradation mechanism of NBMF and NUMF was discussed, which provided a theoretical basis for their application in tobacco flavoring additives.     

RD-I型热导式自动量热计的研制

在文献[10]、[12]的基础上,研制了一种能在常温到150°C的较大温度范围内工作的“RD-Ⅰ型热导式自动量热计”。本文报导了仪器结构和工作原理。通过电能测定,证明仪器设计合理,工作正常。其性能完全符合Tian氏方程的要求。而且重现性好(相对精度为0.5%-1%左右),灵敏度高(对1卡以上的热效应能够准确地进行测量)。量热计通过光笔记录仪实现了测量记录的自动化。