雨生红球藻中虾青素的C_(30)-反相高效液相色谱法测定

建立了雨生红球藻中虾青素的C30-反相高效液相色谱测定方法。雨生红球藻经二氯甲烷-甲醇(体积比25∶75)研磨和超声提取后,在0.5 mL 0.1 mol/L NaOH甲醇溶液中于5℃避光皂化12 h,在YMC-Ca-rotenoid C30色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)上以甲醇(A)、叔丁基甲基醚(B)、1%磷酸溶液(C)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用紫外检测器在474 nm测定。在优化实验条件下,雨生红球藻中的虾青素酯可以很好地转化为游离虾青素。实验以虾青素酯和虾青素在C30色谱柱上不同的出峰时间作为判断是否皂化完全的依据。在0.1~5mg.L-1时峰强度与虾青素质量浓度呈良好线性(r=0.999 7),方法的定量下限为2 mg/kg,平均回收率为95%~108%,相对标准偏差为3.5%~14.7%。方法准确可靠,适用于雨生红球藻中虾青素含量的测定。     

超高效合相色谱/二极管阵列检测器测定螺旋藻保健食品中的类胡萝卜素

建立了超高效合相色谱(UPC2)/二极管阵列检测器(PDA)快速测定螺旋藻保健食品中β-胡萝卜素、玉米黄质和叶黄素3种类胡萝卜素的分析方法。优化了色谱柱、助溶剂、背压和色谱柱温以及提取溶剂,优化实验条件为:样品采用二氯甲烷-乙醇(2∶1)超声提取,过0.22μm GHP滤膜后,采用CO2-甲醇梯度洗脱,经ACQUITY UPC2HSS C18SB(150 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm)色谱柱分离,色谱柱温为40℃,背压为2 000psi,外标法定量。3种类胡萝卜素在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均不小于0.999 3。方法检出限为0.012~0.035 mg/g;定量下限为0.040~0.120 mg/g;不同水平的加标回收率为82.5%~95.7%,相对标准偏差为7.6%~9.8%。本方法快速、准确,可用于螺旋藻保健食品中3种类胡萝卜素的测定。     

测定雨生红球藻中虾青素及其它色素含量的高效液相色谱法

建立了一种分离和测定雨生红球藻中虾青素和其它色素的反相高效液相色谱法 ;含有雨生红球藻细胞的培养液经离心分离 ,匀浆破碎 ,用甲醇 -二氯甲烷 (体积比3∶1)提取色素 ,提取液用HPLC分离测定 ;分析柱为Nova_PakC18(300mm×3.9mmID ,5μm)柱 ,流动相为水、甲醇和丙酮 ,流速1.0mL/min ,用二极管阵列检测器在250～700nm波长范围扫描 ,在476nm处进行检测 ;虾青素、多种类胡萝卜素和叶绿素在30min内得到较好分离 ,其中游离虾青素、斑蝥黄质和 β_胡萝卜素的检出限分别为3.56、1.36和29.4μg/L,这3种类胡萝卜素分别在质量浓度为1.99～31.7mg/L、2.44～39.0mg/L、2.25～36.0mg/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好 ,相关系数分别为0.9993、0.9987和0.9778;该法的精密度 (RSD为0.09 %～2.97% )和回收率(96%～102 % )均符合方法学要求 ,可以用于研究和测定雨生红球藻中虾青素和其它色素的含量     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法同时测定饲料中的角黄素和虾青素

建立了一种同时测定饲料中角黄素和虾青素的固相萃取-高效液相色谱法（HPLC）。样品由乙腈提取,经LC-NH2固相萃取小柱净 化,洗脱剂为乙腈-甲苯（体积比为3∶1）,洗脱液被浓缩后进行HPLC分析,色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μ m),流动相为乙腈-甲醇（体积比为95∶5）,流速1.0 mL/min,采用二极管阵列检测器检测,检测波长为474 nm;外标法定量。角黄素和 虾青素的线性范围分别为1.0～30.0 mg/L和1.0～20.0 mg/L,相关系数分别为0.9990和0.9991,回收率为90%～101%,相对标准偏差为 0.62%～3.68%,检出限分别为0.84和0.60 mg/L。该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于饲料中角黄素和虾青素的同时测定。     

冷皂化-高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中叶黄素的5种顺反式异构体

建立了冷皂化-高效液相色谱法测定乳制品中叶黄素的5种顺反式异构体。将乳制品进行冷皂化处理后,经正己烷-石油醚-二氯甲烷(2∶2∶1,V/V)提取,使用YMC C30色谱柱分离,以甲醇和甲基叔丁基醚为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器于445 nm波长下检测,外标法定量;在0.127~5.082 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数(R2)为0.9999,回收率在96.7%~102.2%之间,RSD在4.1%~5.4%之间(n=6),检出限为0.010μg/g(S/N=3),定量限为0.030μg/g(S/N=10)。本方法简单、准确、灵敏度高,适用于乳制品中叶黄素5种异构体的检测。     

超声波细胞破碎-高效液相色谱法定性定量分析黄骨鱼皮肤中的着色剂

建立了测定黄骨鱼皮肤中3种合成着色剂(柠檬黄、日落黄和喹啉黄)和3种天然着色剂(叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素和虾青素)的分析方法。样品采用超声波细胞破碎法进行提取,提取不同的着色剂选用不同的提取剂。以叶黄素含量为指标,通过单因素试验确定了超声波细胞破碎法的最佳提取条件:全程时间8 min,超声/间隙时间2s/3s,超声功率比55%,保护温度35℃。采用C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为446nm,分离不同的着色剂选用不同的流动相。合成着色剂和天然着色剂分别在2.5~50 mg/L和1.6~32 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.9995。回收率在95.8%~102.5%之间,方法检出限在0.3~1.0 mg/kg之间。用该方法测定了12批次黄骨鱼,均检出含有叶黄素,其余5种未检出。     

番茄中类胡萝卜素及其顺式异构体的HPLC分析

建立了一种能同时快速分离、定性番茄中3种类胡萝卜素及其异构体的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法。采用正己烷-乙醇(3∶4)对样品进行提取,甲基叔丁基醚+0.05%三乙胺-乙腈+0.05%三乙胺为流动相梯度洗脱,以Carotenoid C30柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5μm)进行分离,检测波长为475 nm。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,番茄中有11种类胡萝卜素得到了良好分离,包括3种全反式异构体和8种顺式异构体。叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素分别在0.1~5.0,0.1~20,0.1~100μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均在0.99以上,检出限(LOD)分别为0.13,0.12,0.56μg/g,定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.43,0.41,1.88μg/g;日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~5.3%,日间RSD为1.9%~7.5%,回收率分别为(88.9±6.1)%~(91.7±3.6)%,(92.3±4.3)%~(94.1±6.3)%,(102.6±4.2)%~(107.1±3.4)%。该方法具有分析时间短、灵敏度高、分离完全等优点,适用于番茄中类胡萝卜素及其顺式异构体的分析测定。     

HPLC法测定保健食品红曲片中β-谷甾醇的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定保健食品红曲片中β-谷甾醇的含量。色谱条件为:C18柱色谱柱,4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm;流动相乙腈-异丙醇=70∶30(V/V);流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长210 nm。测定样品中β-谷甾醇含量的RSD为0.8%(n=6),回收率范围为98.4%~100.3%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于测定保健食品红曲片中β-谷甾醇的含量。     

高效液相色谱–光电二极管阵列法测定虾青素的含量

建立虾青素含量测定的高效液相色谱–光电二极管阵列法。采用Purospher STAR RP 18(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇–水(体积比为95∶5)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长为482 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL。在所选定的液相色谱条件下,虾青素主峰与其它杂质峰分离良好,虾青素在0.2~16μg/mL范围内线性良好,线性相关系数r=0.999 9,检出限为0.01μg/mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.42%(n=6),平均回收率为100.4%。该法分析快速准确、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

超高效液相色谱法测定虾青素

建立超高效液相色谱法快速检测虾青素的方法。采用UPLC BEH C_8色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),考察了流动相、流量及柱温对虾青素样品分离的影响,确定了最佳色谱条件:等度洗脱,流动相为甲醇–水(体积比为75∶25),流量为0.5 mL/min,柱温为40℃,检测波长为475 nm。虾青素的质量浓度在0.2~10.0μg/mL范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.998 8,检出限(S/N=3)为0.1μg/mL,定量限(S/N=10)为0.2μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.41%(n=6),加标回收率为105.8%~110.3%。该方法快速、简单、可靠、灵敏、重复性好,可用于虾青素有关样品的快速检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.