黄原脂棉富集-电感耦合等离子质谱法测定海水中的重金属元素

采用黄原脂棉富集技术,建立了电感耦合等离子质谱法测定海水中重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Co,Cd含量的方法。完善前处理条件,优化仪器工作参数,选取Rh,Ir作为内标元素,有效克服基体效应及仪器波动影响。Cu,Pb,Zn,Co,Cd的检出限分别为1.26,0.21,0.24,0.0027,0.0051μg/L,RSD为0.77%~3.3%,回收率为87.2%~96.0%。方法适用于海水中重金属元素的含量测定。     

微波消解–ICP–OES法测定陶土中铅和镉含量

建立微波消解–ICP–OES法测定陶土中铅和镉含量的方法。采用氢氟酸–硝酸作为消解液,微波消解法处理样品,消解液定容后直接进入耐氢氟酸的进样系统,用ICP–OES法测定陶土中重金属铅和镉的含量。结果表明,Pb和Cd检出限分别为0.027μg/m L和0.011μg/m L,回收率分别为90.5%~98.8%和95.0%~98.4%,测定结果相对标准偏差分别为1.38%和2.17%(n=7)。该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高等优点,适用于陶土中铅和镉含量的检测。     

微波消解-端视ICP-AES测定茶叶中微量重金属元素

采用微波消解-端视等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定茶叶中微量重金属元素Pb、As、Cd、Cu、Fe,并对ICP-AES工作参数及条件进行了优化和选择。Pb、As、Cd、Cu、Fe的检出限分别为2.9×10-3μg/mL、5.2×10-3μg/mL、0.056×10-3μg/mL、0.55×10-3μg/mL、0.59×10-3μg/mL,线性范围为0~10000μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.7%~8.5%;回收率为90%~104%。该方法与国标法比较,结果无显著性差异。本法能用于茶叶测定。     

ICP-MS测定PM2.5中痕量重金属及铅同位素

建立了HNO3-H2O2湿法消解、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定PM2.5样品中痕量重金属Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,Pb和Pb同位素的方法。通过内标校正克服了基体效应、物理效应和仪器的长短期漂移的干扰。在ICP-MS优化参数下,测定的痕量元素及Pb同位素的标准曲线相关系数均优于0.9997,5种痕量元素的方法检出限在0.01~0.07μg/L之间,4种Pb同位素的方法检出限在0.014~0.07μg/L之间。通过测定滤膜标准物质(GBW(E)080212)和Pb同位素标准物质(NIST981)考察了方法准确性,测定值均在标准值范围内。当Pb质量浓度大于10μg/L时,浓度对Pb同位素比值的测量影响不显著。运用该方法测得厦门市PM2.5中6种痕量重金属元素的RSD小于4.8%,Pb同位素RSD小于0.5%。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉和河蚌中的重金属

建立微波消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼肉和河蚌中重金属Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni含量的方法。优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,在最佳实验条件下,选用磷酸二氢铵作为Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu的基体改进剂,抗坏血酸作为Ni的基体改进剂。Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni的检出限分别为0.05,0.01,0.05,0.05,0.07μg/g,实际样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为6.3%~14.5%(n=6),加标回收率为84.5%~113.0%。测定了牡蛎标准参考样,测定值在标准值可接受范围内。该方法检出限低、准确度高,适用于鱼类、河蚌样品中重金属含量的分析。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定污水厂污泥和进、出水中的镉、铅

建立了微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定污水处理厂进出水和污泥中重金属Cd,Pb的方法。分别向污水样品中加入5.0 mL硝酸,污泥样品中加入4.0 mL硝酸和2.0 mL双氧水,放入微波消解炉中进行消解。消解好的样品用1%NH_4H_2PO_4作为基体改进剂,在0.5%HNO_3介质中采用塞曼扣除背景,石墨炉程序升温方式进行Cd,Pb的原子化,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定Cd,Pb的含量。Cd,Pb的质量浓度分别在0~2.00μg/L,0~40.0μg/L范围内与其吸收峰高呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.999 1,0.999 6。Cd,Pb检出限分别为0.104 9,0.394 5μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.34%~3.61%,2.12%~2.80%(n=11),加标回收率分别为98.2%~102.6%,94.0%~100.4%。该方法简单,高效,结果准确度高,重现性好,适用于污水处理厂的进出水和污泥中重金属铅和镉的检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定食品包装用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料中9种重金属

建立了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)材料中Li、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Sb、Pa、Pb 9种重金属的电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测方法。样品加入HNO_3和H_2O_2进行微波消解,内标法定量,各元素均呈现良好的线性关系(Sb:0.1～5.0μg/L;Pb、Co:1.0～50μg/L;Li、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ba:10～500μg/L;Fe:10～500 mg/L),相关系数(R~2)均大于0.9998。方法检出限在0.009～0.147μg/g范围内,样品加标回收率为86.2%～107.1%,精密度(RSD)在2.16%～6.84%之间。所建立的方法操作简便,灵敏度高,可用于食品包装用塑料材料中重金属快速检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定PM2.5中的重金属元素

采集环境空气细颗粒物(PM2.5)样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定PM2.5中10种重金属元素的方法。样品经5%HNO_3超声浸提,过滤后,用ICP-MS测定。结果表明:10种重金属元素的检出限在0.030μg/L~0.13μg/L之间;线性关系良好,精密度为0.82%~4.3%,回收率为80.1%~113.0%。该方法快速、准确,可用于PM2.5中重金属元素的测定。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱测定尿液中尼古丁和可替宁

建立了测定人尿液中尼古丁和可替宁含量的亲水作用色谱-串联质谱(HILIC-MS/MS)方法。尿样加入尼古丁-d4和可替宁-d3同位素内标后,用水稀释10倍,经过滤后的滤液由超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)进行分离分析。采用ACQUITY UPLC~BEH HILIC色谱柱(50 mm×3.0 mm,1.7μm),以甲醇和体积分数为0.1%的氨水为流动相,流速为0.2 mL/min,在电喷雾电离源正离子模式下测定尿液中尼古丁和可替宁的含量,用标准曲线法定量。尼古丁和可替宁在1.0~1 000μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数分别为0.994 9和0.995 8;检出限分别为0.082μg/L和0.077μg/L;定量限分别为0.27μg/L和0.26μg/L;加标回收率分别为90.4%~103.5%和93.0%~104.6%;相对标准偏差分别为4.80%~6.21%和4.22%~7.15%。应用所建立的方法测定了200份尿样,结果表明,吸烟人群尿中尼古丁含量为26.68~854.30μg/L,可替宁含量为36.66~1 191.18μg/L(n=86,M_(nicotine)=76.00μg/L,M_(nicotine)=83.52μg/L,M为中位数);非吸烟人群尿中尼古丁含量为5.08~69.66μg/L,可替宁含量为3.16~28.21μg/L(n=114,Mnicotine=7.53μg/L,M_(nicotine)=3.79μg/L)。该方法快速灵敏,操作简单,适用于尿样中尼古丁和可替宁的批量测定,能满足烟草暴露评价的需要。     

溶剂浮选-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)

本文采用溶剂浮选分离富集,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的痕量Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)以和Co(Ⅱ)。以双硫腙为捕集剂,甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)为浮选溶剂,确定了最佳浮选条件。所拟定的方法用于自来水和工业用水中Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)的测定,金属离子的富集倍数为37,Pb(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)和Co(Ⅱ)的检出限分别为0.2μg/L、1.08μg/L和0.38μg/L;样品加标回收率在94.7%~103.2%之间;测定结果的RSD≤4.67%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.