Broadband Infrared Luminescence of Ni^2＋ in Petalite-Type Transparent Glass Ceramics

Transparent Ni^2＋-doped magnesium aluminosilicate glass ceramics are prepared. The formation of petalite-type crystallites in the glass ceramics is confirmed by x-ray diffraction. Broadband infrared luminescence centred at around 1235nm with full width at half maximum （FWHM） of about 300nm is observed from the Ni^2＋-doped glass ceramics. The observed infrared emission could be attributed to the ^3T2（F） → ^3A2（F） transition of octahedral Ni^2＋ ions in petalite-type crystallites. Theproduct of the fluorescence lifetime and the stimulated emission cross sections is 1.2 ×10-24 cm^2s.     

Transparent Ni^2＋-Doped MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass Ceramics with Broadband Infrared Luminescence

We report on transparent Ni^2＋-doped MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics with broadband infrared luminescence. Ni^2＋-doped MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass is prepared by using the conventional method. After heat treatment at high temperature, MgAl2O4 crystallites are precipitated, and their average size is about 4.3 nm. No luminescence is detected in the as-prepared glass sample, while broadband infrared luminescence centred at around 1315 nm with full width at half maximum （FWHM） of about 300 nm is observed from the glass ceramics. The observed infrared emission could be attributed to the ^3T2g（^3F）→^3A2g（^3F） transition of octahedral Ni^2＋ ions in the MgAl2O4 crystallites of the transparent glass ceramics. The product of the fluorescence lifetime and the stimulated emission cross section is about 1.6×10^-24 s cm^2.     

Broadband and High Efficient 1530 nm Emission from Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics Codoped with Er3＋ and Yb3＋ Ions

The emission at 1530nm and its applications in optical communications are discussed. The efficient width of the emission band △eff, which is up to 91 nm, is larger as compared with silica-based glass, bismuth glass and ZrF4-BaF2-LaFa-AIF3-NaF （ZBLAN） glass doped by Er^3＋ ions. Under the excitation of 785 nm laser, the emission integral intensity of 153Onto increases about five times in the glass ceramics higher than that in the glass. This is explained by the quantum cutting process by two-photon emission with phonon assistance. The results indicate that the glass ceramics are a promising candidate for developing broadband optical amplifiers in wavelength-division multiplexed systems.     

Spectroscopic investigation of a new crystal： Nd^3＋,Yb^3＋：YVO4

The absorption and emission spectra of the YVO4 single crystal co-doped with 1 at.% Nd^3＋ and 1 at.% Yb^3＋ are investigated. The efficient Nd^3＋ → Yb^3＋ energy transfer and the back transfer （Yb^3＋ → Nd^3＋） are observed at room temperature. The fluorescence lifetime of the 4F3/2 level of Nd^3＋ in Nd,Yb：YVO4 is measured under 808 nm laser light excitation. The efficiency of Nd^3＋ → Yb^3＋ energy transfer in YVO4 is determined to be about 34%.     

Preparation and Luminescence Characteristics of Ca3Y2（BO3）4：Eu^3＋ Phosphor

Ca3Y2 （BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor is synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method, and the Iuminescence characteristics are investigated. The emission spectrum exhibits two strong red emissions at 613 and 621 nm corresponding to the electric dipole ^5 Do- ^7F2 transition of Eu^3＋ under 365 nm excitation, the reason is that Eu^3＋ substituting for Y^3＋ occupies the non-centrosymmetric position in the crystal structure of Ca3 Y2 （BO3）4. The excitation spectrum for 613 nm indicates that the phosphor can be effectively excited by ultraviolet （UV） （254 nm, 365nm and 400nm） and blue （470nm） light. The effect of Eu^3＋ concentration on the emission intensity of Ca3 Y2 （BO3）4 ：Eu^3＋ phosphor is measured, the result shows that the emission intensities increase with increasing Eu^3＋ concentration, then decrease. The CIE colour coordinates of Ca3Y2 （BO3）4：Eu^3＋ phosphor is （0.639, 0.357） at 15mol% Eu^3＋.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Vacuum Ultraviolet-Excited Luminescence Properties of Novel Dy^3＋-doped GdPO4 White Light Phosphors

Novel Dy^3＋-doped GdPO4 white light phosphors with a monoclinic system are successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 240℃. The strong absorption at around 147nm in the excitation spectrum is assigned to the host absorption. It is suggested that the vacuum ultraviolet excited energy is transferred from the host to the Dy^3＋ ions. The f - d transition of the Dy^3＋ ion is observed to be located at 182nm, which is consistent with the calculated value using Dorenbos＇s expression. Under 147nm excitation, Gd0.92PO4：0.08Dy^3＋ phosphor exhibits two emission bands located at 572 nm （yellow） and 478 nm （blue）, which correspond to the hypersensitive transitions ^4 F9/2-^6 H13/2 and ^4 F9/2-^6 H15/2. The two emission bands lead to the white light. Because of the strong absorption at about 147nm, Gd0.92PO4：0.08Dy^3＋ under vacuum ultraviolet excitation is an effective white light phosphor, and has promising applications to mercury-free lamps.     

Broadband Infrared Luminescence from Bismuth-Doped GeS2--Ga2S3 Chalcogenide Glasses

Near-infrared luminescence is observed from bismuth-doped GeS2-Ga2Sa chalcogenide glasses excited by an 808 nm laser diode. The emission peak with a maximum at about 1260 nm is observed in 80GeS2-2OGa2 Sa：O.fBi glass and it shifts toward the long wavelength with the addition of Bi gradually. The full width of half maximum （FWHM） is about 200 nm. The broadband infrared luminescence of Bi-doped GeS2-Ga2Sa chalcogenide glasses may be predominantly originated from the low valence state of Bi, such as Bi＋. Raman scattering is also conducted to claxify the structure of glasses. These Bi-doped GeS2 Ga2Sa chalcogenide glasses can be applied potentially in novel broadband optical fibre amplifiers and broadly tunable laser in optical communication system.     

Space-Selective Precipitation of Ba2TiSi2O8 Crystals in Sm3^＋-Doped BaO-TiO2-SiO2 Glass by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

The ferroelectric crystal Ba2TiSi2O8 with high second-order optical nonlinearity is precipitated in Sm^3＋-doped BaO-TiO2-SiO2 glass by a focused 800hm, 250 kHz and 150fs femtosecond laser irradiation. No apparent blue and red emissions are observed at the beginning, while strong blue emission due to second harmonic generation and red emission due to the f-f transitions of Sm^3＋ are observed near the focal point of the laser beam after irradiation for 25s. Micro-Raman spectra confirm that Ba2 TiSi2O8 crystalline dots and lines are formed after laser irradiation. The mechanism of the phenomenon is discussed.     

Optimum fluorescence emission around 1.8 μm for LiYF4 single crystals of various Tm3＋-doping concentrations

In this paper, optical spectra of LiYF4 single crystals doped with Tm3＋ ions of various concentrations are reported. The emission intensity at 1.8 ktm first increases with increasing Tm3＋ concentration, and reaches a maximum value when the concentration of Tm3＋ is about 1.28 mol%, then it decreases rapidly as the concentration of Tm3＋ further increases to 3.49 mol%. The emission lifetime at 1.8 p.m also shows a similar tendency to the emission intensity. The maximum lifetime of 1.8 μm is measured to be 17.68 ms for the sample doped with Tm3＋ of 1.28 mol%. The emission cross section of 3F4 level is calculated. The maximum reaches 3.76 × 10 -21 cm2 at 1909 nm. The cross relaxation （3H6, 3H4 →3 F4, 3F4） between Tm3＋ ions and the concentration quenching effect are mainly attributed to the change of emission with Tm3＋ concentration. The largest quantum efficiency between Tm3＋ ions is estimated to be ,-147% from the measured lifetime and calculated radiative lifetime. All the results suggest that the Tm3＋/LiYF4 single crystal may have potential applications in 2 μm mid-infrared lasers.     

Luminescence Spectra of SrA112O19：Pr^3＋, Mn^2＋ under VUV-UV Excitation

Luminescence spectra of SrAl12O19：Pr^3＋,Mn^2＋ under VUV-UV excitation are investigated. The characteristic emissions between 4f levels and the excitation of 5d for Pr^3＋ are observed. The emission of Mn^3＋ peaks at 517nm and the excitations clue to the ground to multiplets are observed at 276, 360, 386 and 426nm. However, the spectral overlap between the emission of Pr^3＋ and excitation of Mn^2＋ is absent, suggesting that the quantum splitting cannot be achieved via a Pr^3＋ Mn^2＋ ion pair in the host SrAl12O19.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with blue luminescence originating from Ce^4＋ charge transfer transition

Ce^4＋-doped Ca2SnO4 with a one-dimensional structure, which emits bright blue light, is prepared by using a solid-state reaction method. The x-ray diffraction results show that the Ce^4＋ ions doped in Ca2SnO4 occupy the Sn^4＋ sites. The excitation and emission spectra of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 appear to have broad bands with peaks at - 268nm and -442nm, respectively. A long excited-state lifetime （-83μs） for the emission from Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 suggests that the luminescence originates from a ligand-to-metal Ce^4＋ charge transfer （CT）. The luminescent properties of Ca2Snl_xCexO4 have been compared with those of Sr2CeO4, which is the only material reported so far to show Ce^4＋ CT luminescence. More interestingly, it is observed that the emission intensity of Ca2Sn1-xCexO4 with a small doping concentration （x - 0.03） is comparable to that of Sr2CeO4 in which the concentration of active centre is 100%.     

Er^3＋-doped phosphor-tellurite glass for broadband short-length Er^3＋-doped fiber amplifier

Er^3＋-doped phosphor-tellurite glass for broadband short-length Er^3＋-doped fiber amplifier （EDFA） is fabricated and characterized. The differential value （AT） of onset crystalline temperature （Tx） and glass transition temperature （Tg） is 206 ℃. The stimulated emission cross section of Er^3＋ is calculated from absorption spectrum by McCumber theory and is 0.87 × 10 ^-20 cm^2 at 1532 nm. A broad 1.5-μm fluorescence spectrum with 54-nm full-width at half maximum （FWHM） is demonstrated. Especially, the maximum phonon energy of undoped phosphor-tellurite glass is 1100 cm^- 1, which restricts the upconversion luminescence. It is possible to pump efficiently at 980 nm. These results indicate Er^3＋-doped phosphor-tellurite glass is suitable for fabricating broadband short-length EDFA.     

Effect of Precursor Molar Ratio of [S^2-]/[Zn^2＋] on Particle Size and Photoluminescence of ZnS：Mn^2＋ Nanocrystals

We investigate the influence of precursor molar ratio of [S^2-]/[Zn^2＋] on particle size and photoluminescence （PL） of ZnS：Mn^2＋ nanocrystMs. By changing the [S^2-]/[Zn^2＋] ratio from 0.6 （Zn-rich） to 2.0 （S-rich）, the particle size increases from nearly 2. 7nm to about 4.Ohm. The increase in the ratio of [S^2-]/[Zn^2＋] cadses a decrease of PL emission intensity of ZnS host while a distinct increase of Mn^2＋ emission. The maximum intensity for the luminescence of Mn^2＋ emission is observed at the ratio of [S^2-]/[Zn^2＋] ≈ 1.5. The possible mechanism for the results is discussed by filling of S^2- vacancies and the increase of Mn^2＋ ions incorporated into ZnS lattices.     

Emission enhancement in Er^3＋/Pr^3＋-codoped germanate glasses and their use as a 2.7-μm laser material

Emission enhancement at 2.7 μm is observed in Er^3＋/Pr^3＋--codoped germanate glasses when pumped by a 980-nm laser diode. Significant reductions in 1.5-μm emission and upeonversion intensity indicate efficient energy transfer between Er^3＋ and Pr^3＋; the energy transfer efficiency is as high as 77.4%. The mechanisms of energy transfer are discussed in detail. The calculated emission cross-section of Er^3＋/Pr^3＋- codoped germanate glass is 8.44× 10 ^-21 cm^2, which suggests that Er^3＋/Pr^3＋-codoped germanate glass can be used to achieve efficient 2.7-μm emission.     

Temperature Dependence of the Fluorescence Emission Intensity of Eu/TiO2 Nanocrystals

The samples of europium ions doped titanium dioxide （Eu^3＋/TiO2） nanocrystals are synthesized by a modified sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment. The x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are used to characterize the sample. The temperature-dependent fluorescence emission effect of Eu^3＋-doped samples is investigated. It is found that under the excitation of 514.5nm light, the emission intensity of Eu^3＋ reaches a maximum value at 450K among various Eu^3＋ dopant concentrations in Eu^3＋ /TiO2 nanocrystals. The variation of the emission intensity may be attributed to the photon-assist absorption and the temperature-quenching effect.     

Ultra-broad near-infrared emission of Bi-doped SiO2 Al2O3 GeO2 optical fibers

Bi-doped SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –GeO 2 fiber preforms are prepared by modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) and solution doping process. The characteristic spectra of the preforms and fibers are experimentally investigated, and a distinct difference in emission between the two is observed. Under 808-nm excitation, an ultra-broad near-infrared (NIR) emission with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 495 nm is observed in the Bi-doped fiber. This observation, to our knowledge, is the first in this field. The NIR emission consists of two bands, which may be ascribed to the Bi 0 and Bi + species, respectively. This Bi-doped fiber is promising for broadband optical amplification and widely tunable laser.     

Spectroscopic characteristics of Yb^3＋：LiLa（WO4）2 crystal

The spectroscopic characterization and fluorescence dynamics of Yb^3＋：LiLa（WO4）2 crystal are investigated. The Yb^3＋：LiLa（W04）2 crystal exhibits a broad absorption and emission spectral bands, large absorption and emission cross sections, and moderate fluorescence lifetime. Blue light emission around 480 nm is observed at 10 K and is demonstrated through cooperative upconversion from the deexcitation of excited Yb^3＋-Yb^3＋ pairs.     

Rotational and Vibrational Temperatures of Atmospheric Double Arc Argon-Nitrogen Plasma

The spectroscopic technique is employed to study the emission of atmospheric argon-nitrogen plasma jet generated by an original dc double anode plasma torch. The molecular bands of the N^＋2 first negative system are observed at the torch exit and chosen to evaluate the rotational and vibrational temperatures in comparison with the simulated spectra. The excitation temperature （Texc ≈ 9600 K） is determined from the Boltzmann plot method. The results show that the rotational, vibrational, electron and kinetic temperatures are in good agreement with one another, which indicates that the core region of atmospheric double arc argon-nitrogen plasma jet at the torch exit is close to the local thermodynamic equilibrium state under our experimental conditions.     

Sr3Bi（PO4）3：Eu^2＋ Luminescence,Concentration Quenching and Crystallographic Sites

A blue emitting phosphor Sr3Bi（PO4）3：Eu2＋ is synthesized luminescent property is investigated. Sr3Bi（PO4 ）3 ：Eu^2＋ can by a high-temperature solid state method, and its create blue emission under the 332 radiation excitation, and the prominent luminescence in blue （423nm） due to the 4fSd^1→4f^7 transition of the Eu^2＋ ion. The crystallographic sites of the Eu^2＋ ion in Sr3Bi（PO4）3 are analyzed, and the 420 and 440 nm emission peaks of the Eu^2＋ ion are assigned to the nine-coordination and eight-coordination, respectively. The emission intensity of Sr3Bi（PO4）3：Eu^2＋ is influenced by the Eu^2＋ doping content, and the concentration quenching effect is observed. The quenching mechanism is the dipole-dipole interaction, and the critical distance of energy transfer is calculated by the concentration quenching method to be approximately 1.72nm.     

High Spin States in Odd--Odd 160Tm Nucleus

High-spin states of ^160Tm are studied by the ^146 Nd（^19F, 5n） reaction at a beam energy of 102 MeV. The previously known πh11/2 ＋ vi13/2 yrast band and πh11/2 ＋ vh9/2 side band are confirmed. The level scheme is enriched and more low-lying levels are observed. A new side band is observed and assigned as the favoured signature partner of πd3/2 ＋ vi13/2. The spin of this band is assigned with the energy level systematics. It is pointed out that the B （M1）/B （E2） ratios increase rapidly at the high frequency approaching the second crossing in the π h11/2 ＋ vi13/2 braid, which is closely related to the alignment gain of the aligned i13/2 quasineutron.