Existence of traveling wave solutions of a high-order nonlinear acoustic wave equation

In this Letter, we present an analytical study of a high-order acoustic wave equation in one dimension, and reformulate a previously given equation in terms of an expansion of the acoustic Mach number. We search for non-trivial traveling wave solutions to this equation, and also discuss the accuracy of acoustic wave equations in terms of the range of Mach numbers for which they are valid.     

基于分形理论的驻波声场中颗粒团运动特性数值预测*

基于分形理论,建立驻波声场中颗粒团动力学模型,对颗粒团的夹带系数、相位滞后和漂移系数进行数值预测。将预测结果和实验进行对比,二者吻合良好。在此基础上,研究了组成颗粒团的原生颗粒半径、数目以及排列情况对于颗粒团运动特性参数的影响。结果表明,对于由两个原生颗粒组成的颗粒团,原生颗粒半径越接近,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异越大;在分形维数一定时,随着原生颗粒数目的增多,颗粒团的夹带系数减小,相位滞后增加,漂移系数先增大后减小,颗粒团与等体积球形颗粒的动力学行为存在显著差异;原生颗粒排列趋于致密时,颗粒团的夹带系数增大,相位滞后减小,漂移系数发生单调变化,与等体积球形颗粒运动特性的差异缩小。     

任意纵向磁场中等离子体-腔漂移通道电磁波的解析解

 从麦克斯韦方程和双成分等离子体粒子在外部轴向磁场的线性化运动方程出发,推导出了任意纵向磁场中等离子体介电张量和等离子体-腔漂移通道的电磁波的解析解。结果表明在一般情形下,在位于外部均匀纵向磁场的等离子体波导中,不存在分离的轴对称E波和H波。在此基础上进一步得到轴对称波的具体解析式。单波近似下的结果和俄罗斯全俄电技术研究所M.A.Zavjalov等的结果一致。     

Removal mechanisms of micro-scale particles by surface wave in laser cleaning

This paper is to investigate the mechanisms of micro-scale particle removal by surface wave, which was induced by a short pulse laser in a cleaning process. The authors analyzed the adhesive forces of particles on substrate surface and the clearance force produced by surface wave in laser cleaning. The physical model of particle removal by laser-induced surface wave was established to predict the removal area and the processing conditions of laser cleaning. In this research, a KrF excimer laser was applied to irradiate 304 stainless steel specimen distributed with copper particles to generate surface wave for copper particle removal. Considering that a time-varying and uniformly distributed heat source irradiates on material surface with thermao-elastic behavior, the displacement and acceleration of substrate induced by a pulsed laser were solved by an uncoupled thermal–mechanical analysis based on the finite element method. The processing parameters such as laser energy, laser spot size are discussed, respectively. A series of laser cleaning experiments were designed to compare with computation results. The results show that the removal area by surface wave beyond the laser spot increases with the laser energy and that, the surface acceleration decreases with the increase of the laser spot size.     

行波管放大器中辐射场的极限环振荡和混沌

以行波管放大器中辐射场的非线性不稳定阈值分析为基础，对辐射场从频率分叉到混沌的演化过程和不同区域这些非线性不稳定态的时间特性和频率特性进行了研究.在“软”非线性区域，辐射场表现为极限环振荡和频率分岔，频谱是离散的且相对于载波频率是不对称的.这种不稳定是阵发性的，适当的调节控制参量，可使器件工作在所需的定态或极限环振荡态上；在“硬”非线性区域，辐射场表现为非周期的随机振荡和频率混沌，频谱连续且频带很宽，场幅值较大的成分集中在接近于零频的低频范围里.这种不稳定是连续性的，不能通过调节参量来消除. 关键词： 行波管 辐射场 分岔 极限环 混沌     

表面脉冲超声波沿曲面爬行的可视化研究

为了研究超声表面脉冲波在钢、铁等不透明曲面材料中的传播规律,我们采用和金属材料声速比较接近的光学玻璃作样品,利用研制的数字化动态光弹系统,分析了表面波和次表面波沿玻璃圆棒侧面传播时的行为,记录了不同时刻的横截面上的脉冲声场传播图像,求出了表面波和次表面波沿曲面爬行的传播速度。     

Dynamic forces on agglomerated particles caused by high-intensity ultrasound

In this paper the acoustic forces on particles and agglomerates caused by high-intensity ultrasound in gaseous atmosphere are derived by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Sound induced forces cause an oscillating stress scenario where the primary particles of an agglomerate are alternatingly pressed together and torn apart with the frequency of the applied wave. A comparison of the calculated acoustic forces with respect to the inter particle adhesion forces from Van-der-Waals and liquid bridge interactions reveals that the separation forces may reach the same order of magnitude for 80 μm sized SiO₂-particles. Hence, with finite probability acoustically agitated gases may de-agglomerate/disperse solid agglomerate structures. This effect is confirmed by dispersion experiments in an acoustic particle levitation setup.     

水在驻波振动体表面上的分布

首先，我们描述了水珠和干粉末在驻波推动作（钢条和金属环）表面上的艺定分布实验，发现水珠将处于波腹而干粉末则位于波书．其次，我们从普遍的驻波解出发，分析了在驻波振动作表面上的水珠和干粉末的受力情况，从而指出水珠的稳定平衡位置在驻波的波腹而干粉末的稳定平衡位置在驻波的波节，这一结论与实验结果完全一致。最后，我们的结论可以应用于环形驻波马达的转子自校正问题。     

Rapid concentration of particle and bioparticle suspension based on surface acoustic wave

A method of rapid particle concentration in a droplet has been developed using surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. A droplet was partially placed on a surface acoustic wave propagation path, and particles were concentrated at the center of the droplet due to the asymmetry. The device consists of two IDTs and two reflectors. The one IDT is used for generating SAW and the opposite IDT is used for detecting output voltage signal amplitude, and then for calculating acoustic power density of a droplet. To investigate concentration effect of the device, starch suspension and rabbit blood cells were used in this paper. Different acoustic power density was applied ranging from 6.13 mw mm⁻² to 210.9 mw mm⁻². The concentration process occurs within 15 s under appropriate acoustic power density put on the droplet, which is much faster than currently available particle concentration mechanisms, and the method is also efficient, which concentrating the particles into an aggregate about one-fifth the size of the original droplet. Additional, the concentration process is no damage to bioparticles. This concentration method can improve greatly SAW biosensor system sensitivity.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a cavitation bubble pair near a rigid boundary in a standing ultrasonic wave field

The dynamics of a micrometer-sized bubble pair in water near a rigid boundary under standing ultrasonic wave excitation is investigated in this study. The viscous effect in the boundary layer at the air-water interface is considered following the viscous correction model. The evolution of the bubble surface at the collapsing stage of the bubble pair is presented for different parameter sets. The field pressure near the rigid boundary, which is induced by the oscillating bubble pair, and the high-speed water jet at the collapse stage, form the main focus of the analysis. This reveals that a horizontal configuration of the bubble pair retards the strength of the bubble jet towards the boundary, whilst a vertical configuration, especially with differently-sized bubbles, can enhance the bubble collapse. This study may help to understand the interaction of multiple bubbles in an acoustic field and its application to surface cleaning.     

行波管放大器中场极限环和混沌行为的阈值分析

以场方程和电子运动方程为基础，分析了行波管放大器中辐射场演化过程中出现极限环振荡和混沌态的电流阈值.结果表明：在某些参数范围内，辐射场会出现这些非线性不稳定态.相互作用区域越长，失谐量对阈值的影响越明显.当器件工作在非线性区域时，输出功率与电流、失谐量和相互作用区长度三个参数的关系变得紊乱无序，控制这三个参数在输出功率曲线的峰值点上，可在非线性区域获得较高的输出功率. 关键词： 行波管 辐射场 阈值 混沌     

一类大气浅水波系统的广义变分迭代行波近似解

本文研究了一类非线性浅水波系统,首先构造了相应的泛函. 其次选取Lagrange乘子,再用改进的广义变分迭代方法,得到了相应模型的行波近似解析解. 关键词： 浅水波 非线性 变分迭代 近似解     

Exact traveling wave solutions for a generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equation by Fan sub-equation method

In this Letter, the Fan sub-equation method is used to construct exact solutions of a generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV equation. Many exact traveling wave solutions are successfully obtained, which contain more general solitary wave solutions and Jacobian elliptic function solutions with double periods. This method is straightforward and concise, and it can also be applied to other nonlinear evolution equations.     

Nonlinear low-frequency electrostatic wave dynamics in a two-dimensional quantum plasma

The problem of two-dimensional arbitrary amplitude low-frequency electrostatic oscillation in a quasi-neutral quantum plasma is solved exactly by elementary means. In such quantum plasmas we have treated electrons quantum mechanically and ions classically. The exact analytical solution of the nonlinear system exhibits the formation of dark and black solitons. Numerical simulation also predicts the possible periodic solution of the nonlinear system. Nonlinear analysis reveals that the system does have a bifurcation at a critical Mach number that depends on the angle of propagation of the wave. The small-amplitude limit leads to the formation of weakly nonlinear Kadomstev–Petviashvili solitons.     

Plasma wave interactions in the microwave to THz range between carriers in a semiconductor 2DEG and interdigital slow waves

Traveling wave interactions between the plasma wave in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure and the electromagnetic space harmonic slow waves produced by interdigital metal electrodes were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. By means of a TM mode analysis, a general expression for the ω- and k-dependent effective permittivity of the 2DEG plasma was derived. The two-terminal admittance was calculated by a Green’s function method from the microwave to the THz wave region. Occurrences of negative admittance were predicted, and its peak values increased with frequency to a very large value in the THz region due to the reduction in the number of collisions per cycle. Preliminary admittance measurements at microwave frequencies showed good agreement with calculations, confirming the existence of plasma wave interactions.     

囚禁粒子在热库型驻波场中的量子相干特性

研究囚禁粒子与热库型(热辐射)驻波场的相互作用,通过外加驱动场,分析置于热库型驻波场中的囚禁粒子约化密度算符非对角元的时间演化,得到囚禁粒子在热库型驻波场中的相干特性.当外加驱动场的时间演化满足一定条件时,可保持囚禁粒子的相干性.     

鼓泡床中超声驻波的模拟及其对气泡的调制机理

采用计算流体动力学（CFD）的方法，数值生成了鼓泡床中一对声换能器以16kHz高频振动引发的超声场。数值计算是基于包括粘性影响的可压缩流体基本守恒方程，并耦合了水的状态方程。模拟结果表明，在本研究所用的几何布置和换能器与时间相关的速度入口边界条件下，反应器中形成了一个稳定的驻波声场；由于波的非线性以及水的粘性，压力波节点呈现出轻微的时间漂移性。模拟结果与前人的实验结果定性吻合。在模拟的声压分布的基础上，分析了驻波声场调制气泡的机理。如比较熟知，气泡在驻波声场作用下或者向压力波节点运动或者向压力波腹点运动，取决于气泡尺寸与共振尺寸的关系。     

行波管放大器的非线性混沌特性

以一组非线性方程为基础,从混沌动力学角度,通过计算电子的相空间轨道和辐射场的时空分布图谱,简要分析了行波管放大器的时空混沌特性,计算了行波管输出功率的演化。计算结果表明:行波管放大器辐射场与电子束是一个非线性相互作用的耗散系统,其参数影响整个系统的行为演化,当电流和失谐量等参数变化并超过一定阈值时,系统出现时空混沌特性,输出具有连续的宽频谱性。     

螺旋线行波管返波自激振荡的研究

 在2维小信号模型的基础上，分析了均匀和周期永久聚焦磁场对抑制返波自激振荡的影响。研究结果表明：改变聚焦磁场的幅值或周期来增加起振长度是可能的， 而且不会改变基波的互作用条件。与此同时，对起振长度、初始非同步速度参量随皮尔斯增益参量、空间电荷参量、损耗参量等的变化，以及在超宽带行波管中当存在两个或多个角向非对称空间谐波时,起振长度、初始非同步速度参量随周期永久聚焦磁场的变化进行了研究。优化设计聚焦磁场、电子注和螺旋线慢波系统的参量可以对螺旋线行波管的稳定性分析提供必要的依据。     

行波管放大器的非线性混沌特性

以一组非线性方程为基础,从混沌动力学角度,通过计算电子的相空间轨道和辐射场的时空分布图谱,简要分析了行波管放大器的时空混沌特性,计算了行波管输出功率的演化。计算结果表明：行波管放大器辐射场与电子束是一个非线性相互作用的耗散系统,其参数影响整个系统的行为演化,当电流和失谐量等参数变化并超过一定阈值时,系统出现时空混沌特性,输出具有连续的宽频谱性。