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Willatzen M 《Ultrasonics》2004,41(10):805-810
A comparison between three mathematical models frequently used in flow acoustics is presented and discussed with respect to ultrasonic flow-meter performance based on the transit-time method. The flow-meter spoolpiece geometry is assumed to be a cylindrical pipe. Semi-analytical calculations employing the Frobenius power series expansion method are shown for the cases of a constant-, linear-, parabolic-, and cubic-flow profiles although the Frobenius method presented can be applied to any smooth flow profile. It is shown that the so-called deviation of measurement, often used as a measure of the flow-meter accuracy, is strongly dependent on the acoustic mode excited and the flow profile. Furthermore, differences with respect to deviation of measurement results exist among the three mathematical models analyzed. 相似文献
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超声波测量技术具有速度快、成本低、测量范围广等优点,广泛应用于多种工业领域。为满足工业中对温度测量的需求,本文提出了超声波温度测量系统。本系统基于超声波的传播速度与环境温度的关系,以STC12单片机作为系统硬件电路控制核心,采用幅度和相位调制的矩形波作为发射波,实现在恒温箱空气介质中固定距离下的超声波飞行时间的测量,以此确定介质的平均温度。测量数据由单片机传输到上位机进行处理和显示,并与恒温箱热电偶测得的温度对照,验证实验结果。实验结果证明本系统可以准确测量温度,温度范围约在35℃—90℃。 相似文献
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A non-linear control method, known as Variable Structure Control (VSC), is employed to reduce the duration of ultrasonic (US) transducer transients. A physically realizable system using a simplified form of the VSC algorithm is proposed for standard piezoelectric transducers and simulated. Results indicate a VSC-controlled transmitter reduces the transient duration to less than a carrier wave cycle. Applications include high capacity ultrasound communication and localization systems. 相似文献
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跨金属无线传输是超声波通信的重要应用场景之一。实际应用中超声波在金属/超声波换能器界面处因反射而造成回波干扰是这类通信系统的天然缺陷。尽管利用回声消除技术能一定程度地克服回波干扰,但这需要调用大量电路硬件或计算资源。该文在超声波跨金属厚壁通信系统中摒弃传统的直射式探头而选用入射角为45°的斜射式探头作为超声波发射和接收换能器,由于斜射式探头偏转了超声波在金属信道内的反射路径,从而大幅降低换能器接收到的回波。在不进行回波消除的前提下,以STM32为主控芯片和自制信号调理电路搭建了一套斜射式超声波跨金属厚壁无线通信系统,同时将之与选用直射式探头作为超声波换能器的通信系统进行对比验证。研究表明,在接收信噪比方面斜射式系统(19.52 dB)远优于直射式系统(9.24 dB),在穿透60 mm的厚铝板时系统实时通信速率达到1.2 Mbit/s,并可实现实时声频传输。 相似文献
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传热设备的积垢问题一直是人们急于解决的一大难题,不仅影响热能利用和生产正常运转,而且会降低产品质量,增加生产成本。通过机理研究、室内试验和工厂试验,揭示了超声波防除积垢的机理,筛选出最佳的声场参数,研制出一种新型的超声波防除积垢设备,室内试验和工厂试验结果表明,超声波技术不但可以防止新垢的产生,而且可以有效地去除已有积垢,显著地提高蒸发系统传热系数和生产能力,可停止使用化学清洗剂,从而延长传热设备使用寿命,避免污染环境,该技术有可能广泛地应用于制糖工业、化肥工业、制浆造纸工业等诸多领域。 相似文献
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The noise suppression techniques with wavelet transform (WT) are widely used in non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E), especially in ultrasonics. Complete reconstruction theory with hard or soft thresholds, reconstruction technique based on the singularities of noise and signal, matched filter with an impulse response, and optimal frequency-to-bandwidth ratio of wavelet technique have all been used to analyze ultrasonic signals for noise suppression. But a more simple and effective technique has been pursued for decades. This paper develops a new technique using WT for the right purpose. In this work, WT is treated as a band-pass filter whose central frequency and frequency bandwidth (CF&FB) are determined by the spectra distribution of an ultrasonic signal captured from real testing situation. For the purpose of matching their CF&FB well, a technique for evaluating the optimal scale of a daughter wavelet is carried out too. By acting this daughter wavelet as a band-pass filter, we can obtain excellent de-noising results, even when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is below -18 dB. The performance of the technique has been done by ultrasonic signals with computer generated white noises. Finally, the experimental verification is performed on a pipeline specimen with man-made small flaws with good results obtained. The results show that the technique is more suitable for processing heavy noised ultrasonic signals, and it can also be used in automatic flaw detection. 相似文献
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衍射时差法(Time of flight diffraction,TOFD)技术是一种能够探测和精确测量缺陷尺寸的新型超声无损检测方法,针对该检测方法具有缺陷检出率高、缺陷定位定量精度高等优点。本文采用商业有限元软件ABAQUS,对汽包筒体与球形封头不等厚对接和超高压水晶釜两种特殊几何构件进行了超声TOFD技术的二维数值模拟研究,分析了超声波在这两种构件中的传播特性和规律。经分析从构件表面不同位置接收到的波型,当构件中存在损伤时,通过接收损伤所引起的衍射波,可判断构件中是否存在缺陷。模拟结果表明能够将超声TOFD技术应用于这两种特殊结构的压力容器构件,可扩大超声TOFD技术的应用范围。 相似文献
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Spectral characteristics of laser-generated acoustic waves in an InGaN/GaN superlattice structure are studied at room temperature. Acoustic vibrations in the structure are excited with a femtosecond laser pulse and detected via transmission of a delayed probe pulse. Seven acoustic modes of the superlattice are detected, with frequencies spanning a range from 0.36 to 2.5 THz. Acoustic waves up to ∼2 THz in frequency are not significantly attenuated within the transducer which indicates excellent interface quality of the superlattice. The findings hold promise for broadband THz acoustic spectroscopy. 相似文献
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