基于高效教学的医学基础化学教学模式改革实践

针对医学基础化学教学过程中存在的问题,基于"以学生为中心""以产出为导向"的教学理念,围绕培养目标和毕业要求,从课程内容组织、教学内容更新、教学模式改革等方面进行了系统设计和实践,注重教学内容与医学知识的融合,充分调动了学生学习的主动性和积极性,提高了学生的科学素养和发展能力,以更好地服务于高素质领军型医学人才的培养。     

“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学模式探索与实践

结合普通化学课程特点及教学实践,深入分析了传统“教师中心”课程教学中普遍存在的问题,阐述了进行“以学生为中心”课程教学改革的必要性。从教学理念、教学内容、教学过程及考核评价等4方面构建了“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学体系。提出了通过简约化、项目化、生活化及开放性原则优选整合教学内容,优化了“四环节六步骤”教学过程,完善了多元多维互动教学评价办法。     

血液中的缓冲系教学探讨

以长沙医学院临床医学专业大一学生为教学对象,在血液中的缓冲系的教学过程中采用"4个问题为中心"的教学方法,问题有医学知识延伸,层次分明。结果表明,学生更主动参与课堂的问题回答和讨论,提高了学习效果,为他们医学后续课程中酸碱平衡紊乱及诊断的学习打下了坚实基础。     

医学留学生化学实验全英文教学资源建设与实践*

针对目前化学实验全英文在线教学资源匹配度较低、相对匮乏等问题,以医学留学生为中心,建设了有声课件、模块化实景实验操作视频以及测试题库3种不同类型的化学实验全英文教学资源,通过资源的线下使用和基于雨课堂的在线预习,实现从“集中、定时、定点”的传统教学模式向“模块化、碎片化、信息化”的混合教学模式转变,可以丰富教学资源和教学手段,改进教学秩序,提高医学留学生化学知识和技能学习的积极性和主动性,使“教”“学”良性循环,可切实提高化学实验国际化教学质量。     

“实验化学”翻转课堂教学案例设计

针对实验化学课程的特点,探讨了实验化学“课前知识传递,课堂知识内化,课后反思提高”的翻转课堂教学设计。以“硫酸亚铁铵的制备”为实验案例,通过翻转课堂在学习目标、活动主体与教学流程上的教学设计,详细阐述了以学生为中心的教学实施,并全面评价了教学实践。     

化工原理问题导向式线上教学的探索与实践*

以化学制药专科专业化工原理课程为例,阐述问题导向式线上教学的课程设计思路及框架,探索由被动教到主动学的线上教学途径。通过对“流体流动与输送单元”的教学设计,从课前、课中和课后论述了以“问题”为中心的线上教学过程和实施情况,并说明了线上授课的教学效果。     

化学制药工艺学在线教学实践与思考

以化学制药工艺学课程为例,从在线教学技术、教学设计等方面探讨了以学生为中心的在线教学模式与方法,对比分析了在线教学与线下教学的优缺点.实践表明,与线下教学相比,以学生为中心的在线教学模式更有利于学生自主学习能力的培养和课程目标的达成.     

观摩美国田纳西大学物理化学教学得到的启示

阐述美国田纳西大学物理化学课程教学的教学内容、教学方式、学生成绩的评估方式以及对教师教学工作的评估方式,并对比我国华南理工大学的物理化学教学,提出了借鉴美国高校物理化学教学的先进经验,将以教师为中心的教学模式转变为以学生为中心的教学模式是提高物理化学教学效果的一个有效途径。     

EQUIP工具在高中化学教师探究性教学水平测评中的应用研究

EQUIP测评工具是理科教师探究性教学水平分析方法系统,该系列量表深入评估探究课堂的时间利用、教学、话语、评价、课程等5个要素。选择2名骨干化学教师C和教师Y作为个案研究对象,以人教版《化学1》第3章金属及其化合物中典型的2节课进行课堂观察,应用探究性教学质量评价量表（EQUIP）测评工具分析探究性课堂教学的表现,结论如下：（1）探究性教学整体表现处于中等水平以下;（2）课堂探究活动顺序水平低;（3）教师为中心,互动偏少;（4）教学评价以理解知识为主,缺乏批判性思维培养;（5）探究性教学缺乏大观念建构。教学方式以引导和讲授为主,教学观是以教师为中心的讲授方式为主。     

以学为中心理念下多层圆筒壁热传导教学设计及实施*

以多层圆筒壁热传导知识点为例,探索了以 “学”为中心教学模式的具体应用,结合智慧教学工具及手段,采用BOPPPS结构模式对教学重难点部分进行设计。实践结果表明,这种教学模式有利于激发学生的学习兴趣,提升学生的学习效果。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.