符号检验的最优排序集抽样(英文)

提出检验总体分位数的基于排序集抽样的符号检验,分析了不同挑选抽样相对于均衡抽样的Pitman渐近效率.针对不同分位数,具体给出使符号统计量的效率达到最大的抽样设计,并且证明了最优抽样不依赖于总体分布.     

排序集抽样下指数分布参数的最优线性无偏估计

排序集抽样方法适用于样本测量困难但排序容易的场合,其样本包含了次序信息.指数分布在寿命试验中占有非常重要的地位,为了提高指数分布参数的估计效率,本文提出了排序集抽样下参数的最优线性无偏估计量,计算了新估计量的方差,证明了其具有渐近正态性.相对效率和模拟效率的研究结果表明:新估计量的估计效率不仅高于简单随机抽样下一致最小方差无偏估计量,也高于排序集抽样下样本均值和修正极大似然估计量.最后,将推荐方法应用到转移性肾癌的临床研究中,从而验证该方法的有效性.     

基于排序集样本的最优挑选设计

本文提出检验总体分位数的基于排序集挑选抽样的符号检验,分析了不同挑选设计相对于均衡设计的Pitman渐近效率。具体给出不同分位数的最优设计,并且最优设计不依赖于总体分布。     

排序集抽样下指数分布的产品可靠度研究

为了提高指数分布产品可靠度的估计效率,研究了基于排序集抽样方法的极大似然估计量(Maximum likelihood estimator,MLE),证明了新MLE具有存在性、唯一性和渐近正态性,并通过排序集样本的Fisher信息得到MLE的渐近方差。针对似然方程没有显式解的问题,利用部分期望法对MLE进行修正,并给出其具体表达式。渐近相对效率和模拟相对效率的研究结果表明:排序集抽样下MLE和修正MLE的估计效率都一致高于简单随机抽样下MLE。最后,将推荐方法应用到转移性肾癌的临床研究中。     

排序集抽样下指数分布产品的寿命性能评估

为了提高指数分布产品的寿命性能评估效率,研究了排序集抽样下寿命性能指数的极大似然估计,证明了其具有存在性和唯一性.针对似然方程没有显式解的问题,采用部分期望法给出具有显式表达式的修正极大似然估计,并利用排序集样本构造出寿命性能指数的置信区间.仿真结果表明:不仅排序集抽样下修正极大似然估计的效率一致高于简单随机抽样下极大...     

长度偏差右删失数据剩余寿命的分位数回归

本文研究长度偏差数据下剩余寿命分位数模型的估计方法,充分考虑有偏抽样机制对模型估计的影响.如果忽略这种有偏性会导致估计产生严重偏差甚至错误的结果.本文首先针对长度偏差右删失数据的剩余寿命分位数提出了对数形式的线性回归模型,对删失变量与协变量独立和不独立的两种情况利用估计方程给出了模型参数的估计.其次,通过经验过程和弱收敛理论给出了参数估计的相合性和渐近正态性.最后,本文对提出的估计方法进行了数值模拟并用该方法对奥斯卡奖数据进行分析.     

基于两步子抽样算法的多目标抽样统计推断研究

针对海量数据,子抽样算法是当前一种流行的简化计算和降低计算成本的方法。现阶段的研究主要集中于单目标变量的估计上。多目标抽样也是现实生活中经常遇到的问题。本文提出基于广义线性模型,多目标抽样的均值两步子抽样算法。两步子抽样算法是Wang等(2018)^[1]提出的基于L-最优和A-最优的思想,确定每个抽样单元的入样概率。本文在此基础上,定义多目标抽样的各单元的入样概率,并推导模型参数估计量的渐近性质,最后用模拟数据和实际例子对均值两步子抽样算法和多目标两步子抽样方法进行比较。结果表明,在样本量相同时,A-最优准则下均值两步子抽样算法在估计精度上优于基于两步子抽样算法的MPPS抽样和L-最优准则下均值多目标两步子抽样算法。在计算效率上也较全样本估计有显著的提高,节约了计算时间。     

费用约束下产品寿命试验与退化试验优化

针对Wiener退化失效型产品寿命试验与退化试验优化问题,以Wiener过程和逆高斯分布为依据,用分位寿命渐近方差作为可靠性指标进行了分析.首先比较了退化试验与定时截尾寿命试验的试验设计变量之间关系.然后考虑实际情况,研究试验费用有限情况下,寿命试验和退化试验分别达到渐近方差最小时的最优试验方案设计,发现退化试验的效率高于寿命试验.研究为小子样条件下长寿命产品可靠性试验设计提供了依据.     

一般偏差右删失数据下剩余寿命分位数回归

剩余寿命是刻画个体预期寿命的一个重要度量,对剩余寿命的早期研究主要集中在剩余均值上.然而当总体生存函数偏态或厚尾时剩余均值函数可能不存在,因此统计学者建议用剩余寿命分位数来刻画预期寿命.在完全数据和右删失数据下,剩余寿命分位数的建模和理论已经很完善.但是,在实际的调查研究中经常会遇到偏差抽样数据.例如,临床医学中的左截断数据,流行病学中的病例队列抽样数据,医学大型队列研究中的长度偏差抽样数据等等.忽略抽样偏差会导致参数估计有偏和不合理的推断结果.本文考虑一般偏差右删失数据下剩余寿命分位数回归的统计推断问题.首先,我们提出了一个一般偏差右删失数据下的剩余寿命分位数回归模型,并利用一般估计方程方法对模型中的参数进行了估计.针对已有文献常用的删失变量与协变量独立性假设,本文重点考虑了删失变量依赖于协变量场合.其次,由于估计量的渐近方差中涉及非参密度函数,在估计渐近方差时,本文采用Bootstrap方法.最后,数值模拟显示本文提出的方法有限样本性质表现很好.     

序集抽样中$M$估计分布的随机加权逼近

序集抽样是一种适用于准确测量花费太高而排序费用可以忽略不记时的一种抽样方法.讨论了序集抽样下的对于一般分布族M估计的相合性和渐近正态性并且通过随机加权的方法来估计M估计的分布.     

基于中位数排序集抽样的非参数估计

本文提出中位数排序集抽样下总体中位数的非参数估计,证明了这种估计具有强相合性和渐近正态性,并系统验证了新估计量的功效一致优于排序集抽样下和简单随机抽样下总体中位数的估计量。最后,我们对针叶树的一组真实数据进行了实际应用。     

Optimal variance estimation based on lagged second-order difference in nonparametric regression

Differenced estimators of variance bypass the estimation of regression function and thus are simple to calculate. However, there exist two problems: most differenced estimators do not achieve the asymptotic optimal rate for the mean square error; for finite samples the estimation bias is also important and not further considered. In this paper, we estimate the variance as the intercept in a linear regression with the lagged Gasser-type variance estimator as dependent variable. For the equidistant design, our estimator is not only \(n^{1/2}\)-consistent and asymptotically normal, but also achieves the optimal bound in terms of estimation variance with less asymptotic bias. Simulation studies show that our estimator has less mean square error than some existing differenced estimators, especially in the cases of immense oscillation of regression function and small-sized sample.     

An estimator for the quadratic covariation of asynchronously observed Itô processes with noise: Asymptotic distribution theory

The article is devoted to the nonparametric estimation of the quadratic covariation of non-synchronously observed Itô processes in an additive microstructure noise model. In a high-frequency setting, we aim at establishing an asymptotic distribution theory for a generalized multiscale estimator including a feasible central limit theorem with optimal convergence rate on convenient regularity assumptions. The inevitably remaining impact of asynchronous deterministic sampling schemes and noise corruption on the asymptotic distribution is precisely elucidated. A case study for various important examples, several generalizations of the model and an algorithm for the implementation warrant the utility of the estimation method in applications.     

Asymptotic efficiency of the two-stage estimation method for copula-based models

For multivariate copula-based models for which maximum likelihood is computationally difficult, a two-stage estimation procedure has been proposed previously; the first stage involves maximum likelihood from univariate margins, and the second stage involves maximum likelihood of the dependence parameters with the univariate parameters held fixed from the first stage. Using the theory of inference functions, a partitioned matrix in a form amenable to analysis is obtained for the asymptotic covariance matrix of the two-stage estimator. The asymptotic relative efficiency of the two-stage estimation procedure compared with maximum likelihood estimation is studied. Analysis of the limiting cases of the independence copula and Fréchet upper bound help to determine common patterns in the efficiency as the dependence in the model increases. For the Fréchet upper bound, the two-stage estimation procedure can sometimes be equivalent to maximum likelihood estimation for the univariate parameters. Numerical results are shown for some models, including multivariate ordinal probit and bivariate extreme value distributions, to indicate the typical level of asymptotic efficiency for discrete and continuous data.     

Nonparametric regression estimation with general parametric error covariance

The asymptotic distribution for the local linear estimator in nonparametric regression models is established under a general parametric error covariance with dependent and heterogeneously distributed regressors. A two-step estimation procedure that incorporates the parametric information in the error covariance matrix is proposed. Sufficient conditions for its asymptotic normality are given and its efficiency relative to the local linear estimator is established. We give examples of how our results are useful in some recently studied regression models. A Monte Carlo study confirms the asymptotic theory predictions and compares our estimator with some recently proposed alternative estimation procedures.     

Efficient estimation of stable Lévy process with symmetric jumps

Efficient estimation of a non-Gaussian stable Lévy process with drift and symmetric jumps observed at high frequency is considered. For this statistical experiment, the local asymptotic normality of the likelihood is proved with a non-singular Fisher information matrix through the use of a non-diagonal norming matrix. The asymptotic normality and efficiency of a sequence of roots of the associated likelihood equation are shown as well. Moreover, we show that a simple preliminary method of moments can be used as an initial estimator of a scoring procedure, thereby conveniently enabling us to bypass numerically demanding likelihood optimization. Our simulation results show that the one-step estimator can exhibit quite similar finite-sample performance as the maximum likelihood estimator.     

Stahel-Donoho kernel estimation for fixed design nonparametric regression models

This paper reports a robust kernel estimation for fixed design nonparametric regression models. A Stahel-Donoho kernel estimation is introduced, in which the weight functions depend on both the depths of data and the distances between the design points and the estimation points. Based on a local approximation, a computational technique is given to approximate to the incomputable depths of the errors. As a result the new estimator is computationally efficient. The proposed estimator attains a high breakdown point and has perfect asymptotic behaviors such as the asymptotic normality and convergence in the mean squared error. Unlike the depth-weighted estimator for parametric regression models, this depth-weighted nonparametric estimator has a simple variance structure and then we can compare its efficiency with the original one. Some simulations show that the new method can smooth the regression estimation and achieve some desirable balances between robustness and efficiency.     

Reduced‐bias kernel estimators of a positive extreme value index

In this paper, we deal with the semi‐parametric estimation of the extreme value index, an important parameter in extreme value analysis. It is well known that many classic estimators, such as the Hill estimator, reveal a strong bias. This problem motivated the study of two classes of kernel estimators. Those classes generalize the classical Hill estimator and have a tuning parameter that enables us to modify the asymptotic mean squared error and eventually to improve their efficiency. Since the improvement in efficiency is not very expressive, we also study new reduced bias estimators based on the two classes of kernel statistics. Under suitable conditions, we prove their asymptotic normality. Moreover, an asymptotic comparison, at optimal levels, shows that the new classes of reduced bias estimators are more efficient than other reduced bias estimator from the literature. An illustration of the finite sample behaviour of the kernel reduced‐bias estimators is also provided through the analysis of a data set in the field of insurance.     

Penalized empirical likelihood estimation of semiparametric models

We propose an empirical likelihood-based estimation method for conditional estimating equations containing unknown functions, which can be applied for various semiparametric models. The proposed method is based on the methods of conditional empirical likelihood and penalization. Thus, our estimator is called the penalized empirical likelihood (PEL) estimator. For the whole parameter including infinite-dimensional unknown functions, we derive the consistency and a convergence rate of the PEL estimator. Furthermore, for the finite-dimensional parametric component, we show the asymptotic normality and efficiency of the PEL estimator. We illustrate the theory by three examples. Simulation results show reasonable finite sample properties of our estimator.