新型生物基苯并嗪的合成及性能

以生物基糠胺、 酚酞和多聚甲醛为原料, 制备了一种新型生物基苯并噁嗪树脂——酚酞糠胺型苯并噁嗪树脂(PPTL-F-BOZ), 采用FTIR, ¹H NMR和 ¹³C NMR等手段对其单体PTL-F-BOZ的结构进行了表征, 并对其固化反应、 耐热和阻燃性能进行分析. 结果表明, 与传统的化石基双酚型苯并噁嗪——双酚A苯胺型苯并噁嗪(BPA-A-BOZ)相比, PTL-F-BOZ显示出较低的固化反应温度, 且糠胺中呋喃环的存在会增加聚合物的交联密度, 并减缓苯氧结构向苯酚结构的重排反应, 致使其在DSC曲线中出现了2个固化峰. PPTL-F-BOZ树脂具有较高的T_5%(质量损失5%的温度)和800 ℃的残炭率, 其极限氧指数(LOI)高达36.2%, 在垂直燃烧中达到V-0等级, 表现出优异的热稳定性和阻燃性能.     

基于乙炔基-苯并噁嗪单元双重交联反应的聚酰亚胺树脂的制备与性能

为开发可低温固化的聚酰亚胺树脂, 通过分子结构设计将苯并噁嗪单元引入聚酰亚胺树脂中, 合成了含苯并噁嗪单元及乙炔基封端的双官能化新型聚酰亚胺预聚体(PIBzA). 经高温处理, 苯并噁嗪单元发生开环交联, 同时, 乙炔基端基发生三聚成环反应, 从而在固化树脂中形成双重交联网络结构. 苯并噁嗪单元的引入使聚酰亚胺树脂最快固化反应温度降低约32 ℃, 有效降低了固化温度. 同时, 苯并噁嗪单元的引入未大幅度降低树脂的耐热稳定性, 其玻璃化转变温度(T_g)介于266~290 ℃之间, 5%热失重温度(T_d,5%)接近500 ℃, 依然可以满足耐高温复合材料的应用需求. 此外, PIBzA固化树脂具有低介电特性, 其介电常数k介于2.3~3.0, 介电损耗介于0.002~0.008, 可满足透波复合材料及先进微电子封装材料的应用需求.     

侧链含苯甲酰基的芳醚型苯并噁嗪树脂的合成、热稳定性和机械性能研究

报道一种新型的侧链含苯甲酰基的芳香醚型苯并噁嗪单体L-1.这种单体熔点低(125℃)、易溶于普通的有机溶剂.该单体在加热时发生开环聚合,聚合物表现出较高的热稳定性,在氮气中5%的重量损失温度达380℃,在800℃下的残炭率为66%.聚合物也表现出较好的力学性能,用其粘合的两片铝板的层间剪切强度可达6.5 MPa.相反,不含苯甲酰基的芳香醚型苯并噁嗪L-2,其聚合物在氮气中5%热重损失温度、800℃下残炭率和剪切强度分别为322℃,43%和4.7 MPa.可见,芳香醚型苯并噁嗪分子结构中引入大体积的苯甲酰基,可显著地提高树脂的性能.这种新型苯并噁嗪树脂,可望用作纤维增强复合材料基体树脂和金属粘合剂等.     

双官能度手性和消旋苯并噁嗪的合成及热性能研究

采用无溶剂法合成了新型双酚A和双酚AF(六氟双酚A)基手性和消旋苯并噁嗪单体,利用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、旋光仪和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对单体结构和性质进行了表征,通过差式扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对苯并噁嗪的固化行为及聚合物的热性能进行了研究.结果表明,无溶剂法合成苯并噁嗪单体具有反应速度快、产率高、对环境友好等特点;双官能度消旋苯并噁嗪单体由内消旋和外消旋异构体组成,且内消旋苯并噁嗪单体含量高于外消旋;手性和消旋苯并噁嗪单体具有相同的开环聚合行为;由于消旋苯并噁嗪分子的立体构型不同,使得聚苯并噁嗪的自由体积减小,分子链的堆积更加致密,因而消旋聚苯并噁嗪的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和热稳定性均高于手性聚苯并噁嗪和传统的双酚A-苯胺型聚苯并噁嗪;此外,C—F键具有高的解离能,因而双酚AF基聚苯并噁嗪的热性能显著提高.     

一种不含β-氢的苯并噁嗪的表征分析及催化固化研究

以邻烯丙基双酚A、多聚甲醛和烯丙基胺为原料，采用无溶剂的方法合成了一种不含β-氢的苯并噁嗪(2，2-二(3，8-二烯丙基-3，4-二氢-2H-1，3-苯并噁嗪)-丙烷(B—dbo)．GPC和元素分析结果表明，此噁嗪中间体主要是单量体和二聚体．用FTIR和^1H NMR对中间体结构进行了表征．结果表明，此苯并噁嗪的分子结构中存在三种反应官能团：噁嗪环、N-烯丙基、Ar-烯丙基．用DSC和FTIR研究三种反应基团在固化时的反应情况．将双酚A、邻烯丙基双酚A、TiCl4和PCl5作为催化剂按适量的比例加入B—dbo中，用DSC研究其固化行为，并对TiCl4催化试样在不同的固化温度下进行FTIR测试分析，提出在TiCl4催化下苯并噁嗪环副反应及开环固化机理．     

含氟苯并噁嗪-含硅芳炔改性树脂的制备与性能

采用溶剂法合成了一系列带有活性基团的含氟苯并噁嗪(烯丙基含氟苯并噁嗪(BOZF-1)、苯乙炔基含氟苯并噁嗪(BOZF-2)和炔丙基含氟苯并噁嗪(BOZF-3)),并将其与含硅芳炔树脂(PSA)进行共混改性,研究不同氟苯并噁嗪(BOZF)的结构与质量分数对改性树脂性能的影响.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究BOZF/PS...     

芴基苯并噁嗪单体的合成、固化动力学及热性能

以芴、苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和多聚甲醛为原料,采用溶液法合成了直接在芴的苯环结构上进行修饰的2个新型芴基苯并噁嗪单体3-芴基-3,4-二氢-1,3-苯并噁嗪(FBZ-1)和3-芴基-6-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1,3-苯并噁嗪(FBZ-2)。利用FT-IR,~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR对其结构进行了表征。采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)研究了2个单体的固化动力学,计算了固化反应活化能,确定了最佳固化温度。通过DSC和热重(TGA)分析了单体及其聚合物的热性能。结果表明,FBZ-1和FBZ-2呈现出典型的热开环固化特征,放热峰顶温度(5℃·min~(-1)的升温速率)分别为231.2℃,228.7℃,其聚合物初始热分解温度(热失重5%时)达290℃、299℃;850℃时的残炭率(Yc)达到40.9%和36.9%,极限氧指数(LOI)分别是33.86、32.26。     

含烯丙基的三元酚型苯并噁嗪的合成及性能

以合成的1,3,5-三(p-羟基苯基)苯(TP)、烯丙基胺和甲醛为原料,合成了一种新型的含烯丙基的三元酚型苯并噁嗪单体——1,3,5-三(3-烯丙基-3,4-二氢-2H-1,3-苯并噁嗪基)苯(tp-ala).采用核磁共振谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱和差示扫描量热表征了tp-ala的结构和固化行为,用热失重分析、动态热机械分析和荧光光谱测试了固化物P-tp-ala的热性能及光学性能.结果表明,烯丙基的引入使P-tp-ala玻璃化转变温度高达322℃,5%的热失重温度为351℃,800℃残炭率达到61.4%,与不含烯丙基的三元酚型苯并噁嗪相比具有较好的耐热性.在233 nm激发波长下,P-tp-ala的荧光发射波长为350 nm,具有荧光性能.由于P-tp-ala中的芳香含量高,使其折射率高达1.6325,在防折射涂层方面有很好的应用潜力.     

液体聚硫橡胶增韧双酚A-苯胺型聚苯并噁嗪的研究

以液体聚硫橡胶(LP-3)为增韧剂,对双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪(B-a)树脂进行了改性,通过核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)对B-a与LP-3的共混和固化过程进行了研究,通过动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、弯曲和冲击实验、热失重分析仪(TGA)对固化物的机械性能和热性能进行了表征.结果表明,在共混过程中,B-a与LP-3发生了开环加成反应,加成产物的酚羟基对苯并噁嗪的开环聚合具有一定的促进作用,共混物较B-a具有更快的固化速率.当LP-3的加入量为5 wt%时,固化物的韧性就可以得到明显改善,冲击强度相比B-a固化物提高了3.4倍,而且此时的固化物具有高的储能模量(30℃时E'=3.9 GPa)、高的玻璃化转变温度(T_g=206℃)和良好的热稳定性(T_(5%)=322℃,T_(10%)=342℃),表现出最佳的综合性能.     

苯并噁嗪/环氧树脂/4,4′-二氨基二苯砜三元共混体系玻璃化转变温度的研究

采用动态热机械分析(DMA)研究了苯并噁嗪/环氧树脂/4,4′-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)三元共混体系玻璃化转变温度(Tg)与固化剂DDS含量的关系.随着DDS含量的增加,三元体系的交联密度呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,介于聚苯并噁嗪和苯并噁嗪/环氧树脂体系之间;但是三元体系的Tg却逐渐降低,当DDS的含量超过20 mol%时,低于聚苯并噁嗪的Tg.差示扫描量热法(DSC)的结果表明,DDS对苯并噁嗪和环氧树脂都有很强的固化效果.通过测定体系的凝胶化时间,借助Arrhenius方程,判断三元体系的初始反应过程,推测了固化体系可能的网络化学结构.对各体系DMA曲线中损耗模量,储能模量和力学损耗因子的变化情况分析,结果表明体系最终Tg受氢键相互作用、交联密度和网络规整性以及链段的刚性等因素综合影响,其中氢键的类型和相互作用的强弱对Tg的影响最大.     

聚合物共混物的超高效液相色谱-空间排阻色谱在线联用分离与表征

黏合剂和涂料行业中, 聚合物共混物表征是分析的难题, 分离技术的研究一直备受关注. 本文设计并搭建了超高效液相色谱-空间排阻色谱在线联用系统(UHPLC-SEC), 采用羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)考察了二维色谱系统的溶剂兼容性及正交性, 以苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、 苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物(SIS)和聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMMA)共混物研究了二维色谱系统的适用性. 结果表明, HTPB分子量及分布的UHPLC-SEC测定结果与SEC测定结果一致, 峰尖分子量(M_p)为3407 Da, 重均分子量(M_w)为6573 Da, 分散系数(PDI)为2.36, 相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5.7%, 系统的溶剂兼容性和正交性良好. UHPLC-SEC法测得聚合物共混物中PMMA, SBS和SIS的M_p, M_w和PDI与单个聚合物的SEC测定结果的相对误差均小于7.1%. PMMA, SBS和SIS共混物在200 °C加热3 h后, PMMA 稳定不变, SBS和SIS组分明显降解. UHPLC-SEC在线联用方法对聚合物共混物的表征结果准确、 重复性好, 为聚合物配方产品的失效分析提供了一种重要且有效的手段.     

柔性OLED用高耐热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备与性能

聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜作为柔性有机发光显示(OLED)基板材料应用时, 需要满足玻璃化转变温度(T_g)大于450 ℃和热膨胀系数(CTE)在0~5×10^-6 K^-1之间. 为了提高PI薄膜的热性能, 本文合成了2,7-占吨酮二胺 (2,7-DAX), 并将其与均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并噁唑(BOA)共聚制备了一系列新型PI薄膜. 研究了PI薄膜的聚集态结构、 耐热性能、 尺寸稳定性和力学性能. 结果表明, 占吨酮结构和苯并噁唑结构提高了PI分子链的刚性与线性, 使分子链在平面内紧密堆积与取向, 制备的PI薄膜综合性能优异, 玻璃化转变温度高于408 ℃, CTE在-5.0×10^-6~8.1×10^-6 K^-1之间, 拉伸强度大于140 MPa, 拉伸模量大于4.2 GPa, 断裂伸长率为7.1%~20%, 5%热失重分解温度(T_5%)在601~624 ℃之间. 其中, PI-50和PI-60薄膜具有超高玻璃化转变温度和超低热膨胀系数, T_g高于450 ℃, CTE分别为2.1×10^-6 K^-1和1.6×10^-6 K^-1. 制备的系列PI薄膜作为柔性OLED基板材料有潜在应用前景.     

Synthesis of pyridine-based poly(N-arylenebenzimidazole sulfone)

Poly（N-arylenebenzimidazole pyridine sulfone）（PNABIPS） has been prepared via the aromatic nucleophilic displacement reaction of 2,6-bis（2-benzimidazoly）pyridine（BBP） with bis（4-fluorophenyl） sulfone.BBP was synthesized by reaction of 2,6- pyridinedicarboxylic acid with 1,2-phenylenediamine in polyphosphoric acid.The chemical structure of BBP was confirmed by FTIR, HRMS,¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR.The characterization of the polymer was performed with FT-IR,¹H NMR,elemental analysis, GPC,XRD,DSC,TGA and solubility tests.The polymer was obtained in quantitative yield with M_n value 12,600 and M_w value 28,300,respectively.DSC and TGA measurements show that the glass transition temperature（T_g） is 312℃ and 5%weight loss temperature is 434℃ in nitrogen and 545℃ in air,respectively.In addition,the novel polymer exhibits good solubility,which can be dissolved in common organic solvent at room temperature.     

Synthesis and curing of amino‐containing benzoxazine as a novel hardener for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A

Benzoxazines containing various additional functional groups have been extensively reported to improve the properties of polybenzoxazines. In this work, a novel amino‐containing benzoxazine (PDETDA‐NH₂) was conveniently synthesized from diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, and paraformaldehyde and was used as a hardener for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA). The curing behaviors of PDETDA‐NH₂ and PDETDA‐NH₂/DGEBA systems were studied by DSC, FT‐IR, and ¹H NMR. When curing, PDETDA‐NH₂ was firstly polymerized to N,O‐acetal‐type polymer and then rearranged to Mannich‐type polymer at elevated temperature, while the addition reaction between amino and benzoxazine was discouraged because of the steric hindrance of alkyl substituents. During PDETDA‐NH₂/DGEBA curing, it was found that the reactions happened in the order of addition polymerization of amino and epoxide, ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazine, etherification between phenolic hydroxyl of the polymerized benzoxazine, and epoxide. Compared with DETDA cured DGEBA, PDETDA‐NH₂ cured DGEBA showed higher modulus, higher char yield, and much lower water uptake.     

含能增塑剂2,2-偕二硝基丙基三氟丙酸酯的合成及性能

以硝基乙烷为原料, 经缩合、 氧化及酯化反应, 设计合成了含能增塑剂2,2-偕二硝基丙基三氟丙酸酯(DNPTFP); 利用核磁共振波谱、 红外光谱和元素分析对其结构进行了表征. 优化了DNPTFP的合成工艺, 确定酯化反应的较佳反应条件： 以甲苯为反应溶剂, n(2,2-偕二硝基丙醇)∶n(三氟丙酸)=1∶1.10, 催化剂浓硫酸的质量分数为5.0%, 反应温度110 ℃, 反应时间10 h. 在此条件下, DNPTFP的收率和纯度分别为75.2%和99.0%. 热分析测试结果表明, DNPTFP的玻璃化转变温度为-80.5 ℃, 热分解温度为267.59 ℃; 机械感度测试结果表明, DNPTFP的撞击感度为H₅₀=125.9 cm, 摩擦感度为0, 说明DNPTFP具有良好的低温性能、 热稳定性及较低的机械感度. 此外, 相溶性试验、 黏度及玻璃化转变温度测试结果表明, DNPTFP与聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)相溶性良好, DNPTFP可显著调控GAP的黏度和玻璃化转变温度, 并且随其含量增加黏流活化能逐步降低, 增塑效率逐步升高. 因此, DNPTFP对GAP展现出优良的增塑效果, 在GAP基火炸药配方中有良好的应用前景.     

Novel glassy nematic and chiral nematic oligomers derived from 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic and (1R,3S)-( )-camphoric acids

Novel nematic and chiral nematic liquid crystals capable of vitrification have been synthesized using 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxylic and (1R,3S)-(+)-camphoric acids as the base structures to which cyanotolan, cyanobiphenyl, methoxybiphenylbenzoate nematogenic groups, (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylamine and (S)-(+)-1,3-butanediol chiral moieties are attached. Once the glassy state is induced by quenching or controlled cooling from the isotropic state, these liquid crystals showed no detectable tendency towards crystallization upon heating through the glass transition temperature. In all cases, the ΔC_p and ΔH_c values resulting from the DSC heating scans are comparable to those previously reported for polymer analogues and other low molar mass glassy liquid crystals. In the nematic series with varying spacer lengths, both T_g and T_c are consistently lower than the linear polymer counterparts, in contrast to the siloxane-based systems. It was also demonstrated that cholesteric mesomorphism can be induced following one of the three approaches: chiral nematic mixture, chiral nematic cyclic cooligomer, and pendant nematogenic groups attached to a chiral ring.     

The chemical effect of furfuryl amide on the enhanced performance of the diphenolic acid derived bio-polybenzoxazine resin

As a renewable chemical, diphenolic acid (DPA) has attracted immense interest in bio-based polymer science. However, its application for polybenzoxazines is limited due to decarboxylation, that is, the release of CO₂ during the curing reaction of benzoxazine. In this study, the amidation strategy of converting DPA to diphenolic amides (DPAM) was demonstrated to solve this problem while simultaneously improving the thermal properties of polybenzoxazine. DPA was amidated by separately using four amines (hexamine, cyclohexylamine, furfurylamine, and aniline), then reacted with furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde to synthesize their benzoxazine monomers. By using TGA and DMA, all amide-containing polybenzoxazines were found to exhibit excellent thermal stabilities. Among all of the benzoxazine resins, poly(DFA-fa), which was obtained from amidation with furfurylamine, exhibited the highest glass transition temperature (T_g) of 310°C and a decomposition temperature (T_d10) of 406°C. Furthermore, a possible post-curing reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the outstanding thermal performance of poly(DFA-fa) resin. This study proposes an innovative strategy to solve the decarboxylation of DPA-based polymers, which is of significance for high-performance bio-based polymers.