落实中职课程标准 培养化学核心素养*——中职文化基础课化学教材(高教版)的编写原则及特色

标准建设是以类型教育为特征,新一轮职业教育改革的基础性工作。以《中等职业学校化学课程标准》为依据,由高等教育出版社组织编写出版的化学教材,落实立德树人根本任务,注重学生化学核心素养的培养。全面介绍了教材的编写背景、编写原则、教材结构、教材特色,旨在指导中等职业学校教师落实化学课程标准,以现代职业教育理念实施化学课程改革,提高化学课程教学质量和效果。     

《高分子化学》课程在土建类本科院校的教学改革初探

《高分子化学》是高分子材料与工程专业四大专业基础课之一,作为该专业学生接触的第一门专业基础课,内容涵盖了高分子的基本概念、聚合方法、聚合反应类型和机理,是进一步学习其他专业课程的基础.本文根据高分子化学课程在土建类工科院校的现状,结合近年来高分子化学课程的教学实践与探索,从增加教学中建筑材料切入点、探索适应工科学生的互...     

基于化学知识与教学能力考试的化学教师教育课程改革探讨

介绍了《化学学科知识与教学能力（初级中学）考试大纲》和《化学学科知识与教学能力（高级中学）考试大纲》的结构与价值取向,从理念、内容、评价等角度分析了考试改革对化学教师教育课程的影响,探讨了化学教师教育课程改革的原则,并从培养目标审核、能力目标分解等方面提出了改革建议。     

以工作过程为导向的中职学校化学课程开发

化学是中职学校食品、医药等专业重要的基础课程,为学生后续的专业核心课程提供必要的化学知识和技能。立足中职校专业发展和学生实际,以提高学生的化学学习水平为目的,开展了企业调研及专家论证,以工作过程为导向,借鉴澳大利亚TAFE学院课程模式,开发了基于行动导向的化学项目制课程。     

社会化学——一门有重要意义的新课程

1997年7月,唐有祺、王夔两位院士主编的《化学与社会》作为化学类第一部面向21世纪课程教材问世。许多学校陆续开设了该类课程,并有类似的教材出版,如复旦大学出版社的《化学与人类》,浙江大学出版社的《化学与现代文明》等等。我校于1997年秋即开设了该课程,且一直持续至今。后来,我们又为化学专业的本科生和教育硕士开设了一门新的课程——“社会化学”。     

分析化学基础课教学程序

计算机在分析化学中的应用正方兴未艾。近几年,我们分析化学基础课,在改革课堂教学和实验教学的同时,着重抓了计算机如何应用于基础课教学的探索。从1985年起,我们将PC-1500计算器和Apple Ⅱ微机引入到化学系二年级《分析化学》基础课教学中,改革了教学内容,增添了教学的生机,提高了学生学习本课程的积极性。分析化学基础课进行计算机教学时,我们是根据课堂教学的实际、处理分析实验数据的需要和评定学生     

有机化学教学改革探索

有机化学课程是化学四大基础课之一,在大学化学课程中占据重要的地位。我校有机化学课程是为应用化学和化学工程专业开设的,采用高等教育出版社1993年版《有机化学》为教材,总学时96,在大二第一学期开课。下面对该课程教学中的体会进行介绍。     

香港高中化学课程2版“指引”的比较研究

从课程目标、课程内容和课程实施3方面对香港2007年编订的《化学课程及评估指引（中四至中六）》与2002年编订的《化学课程及评估指引（中四至中五）》进行比较,从中分析香港地区新高中化学课程改革的若干特点,以期为推进大陆高中化学课程改革提供借鉴。     

关于《全日制义务教育化学课程标准（实验稿）》的释疑

这次化学课程改革是在国际比较和全球视野的背景下,在认真分析国内化学教学现状和进行广泛调查研究的基础上,充分吸取建国以来化学课程建设和改革的经验教训,依据国家《基础教育课程改革纲要（试行）》的指导思想,通过充分研讨,确定了本次化学课程改革的宗旨是全面提高学生的科学素养,并以此为主线贯穿整个化学课程标准的研制。     

高分子化学课程教学改革与实践初探

高分子化学是高分子材料专业最重要的专业技术基础课之一,既包含了理论基础知识,又注重实验教学。《高分子化学》作为贵州大学高分子材料与工程专业的主干课之一,作者针对高分子化学课程教学内容多、概念多、推导多、关联多等问题,对高分子化学教学现状进行了分析,从教学体系、教学内容、教学方法、考核方式、教材编写等多个方面提出了课程教学改革的一些见解。实践表明,高分子化学课程教学改革与实践探索在激发学生兴趣,提高学生的综合能力上已经初见成效。     

Meeting the sustainable development goals in a tropical climate

This article reflects on the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS) Citation Award Lecture delivered in the Industrial Technology Research Institute Symposium on CO₂ Utilization and Green Technology during the 18th Asian Chemical Congress held in Taipei, December 12, 2019. Malaysia produces sizable amounts of palm oil and palm kernel oil, with palm fronds and tree trunks as the main waste. At the Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, the biomass was decomposed to produce fine chemicals, used as substrate for mushroom growth, and converted to bio-coke for heat energy. A notable difference has been found regarding the emission of greenhouse gases from a natural peat forest and those from the oil palm plantation converted from peatlands, where in the palm plantation, water table is lowered and aerobic processes occurs, resulting in more CO₂ being released compared to CH₄. The introduction of fertilizers to the plantation resulted in more N₂O being released. The team has also pioneered a project to plant temperate vegetables. Cooling pipes (16–18°C with circulating water cooled by chiller) were embedded within each thermal conditioning soil plot. Lettuce and radish, the experimental plants, showed good growth in the thermal conditioning soil due to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were destroyed at a higher temperature.     

Measuring the Stability of Supramolecular Complexes in the Proximity of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The decoration of SWNTs with supramolecular motifs is a common strategy for their subsequent noncovalent functionalization. However, due to the lack of a standard methodology, there are no quantitative measurements showing the extent to which the supramolecular equilibria are affected by one of the host-guest couple being anchored to the SWNT. Here, we use a method we initially developed to quantify association of small organic molecules to the walls of SWNTs to compare association constants of two host-guest systems, a Hamilton receptor-cyanuric acid derivative and a crown ether-ammonium couple, in solution and when the host is covalently attached to the SWNTs. Our data show that association does occur, but the stability of the complexes is significantly affected, as reflected in a sizable reduction in their association constant, when compared to solution.     

有机化学中新兴领域的积极开拓者——黄耀曾先生

黄耀曾先生(1912-2002),我国著名的有机化学家,中国科学院院士,我国有机氟化学的先驱者,我国金属有机化学的开拓者。曾任中央研究院化学研究所助理研究员,副研究员,上海第一医学院助教,讲师。中国科学院上海有机化学研究所副研究员,研究员,博士生导师;上海有机化学研究所副所长,中国科学院化学部常委,副主任,中国化学会常务理事,《有机化学》主编和国际《杂原子化学》顾问编委。他的研究工作不仅推动了有机化学的发展,而且在我国国防建设和经济建设中也做出了突出贡献。曾获全国科学大会奖,国家科学技术进步一等奖,国防科技事业荣誉证书,国家自然科学三等奖及二等奖,第三世界科学院化学奖,何梁何利基金科学与进步奖等众多奖项。几十年的学术生涯中,黄耀曾先生在国内外著名学术刊物上共发表论文230余篇,著译9本,培养了博士20名,其中有的当选为院士,有的已成为重要的科研骨干和领导,有的是著名的企业家。     

Some Advances in the Inorganic Chemistry of Bromine

Recent advances in the chemistry of bromine and its inorganic compounds are covered under the headings of technology, properties and reactions, liquid bromine as an inorganic solvent, analysis, and new or newly studied compounds. Much of what is new is bromine chemistry is characteristic also of what is new in inorganic chemistry as a whole. That is, more detailed information about compounds and reactions is becoming available from the application of new instrumental and theoretical techniques.     

Computational study of the transamination reaction in vinylogous acyls: Paving the way to design vitrimers with controlled exchange kinetics

One of the key points in the design of vitrimers is controlling the associative exchange kinetics. One common chemistry used in vitrimers is based on the dynamic amine exchange reaction of vinylogous acyl compounds in presence of free amine. Understanding the reaction mechanism is essential to assist the optimization of the reaction conditions as well as the molecular structure of the reactant compounds in the pursuit of new materials. In this work, a computational study has been performed to explore different reaction mechanisms in neutral, acidic and in basic conditions or in the presence of Lewis acids, as well as the effect of chemical modifications in the exchange reaction. The results reveal that the formation of hydrogen bonds are a key feature and that the vinylogous urea improves the transamination compared to vinylogous urethane. The esteric hindrance of the amino group in the vinylogous compound also plays an important role. Finally, the nature of the free amine can improve the reactivity by equilibrating two contrary effects: the basicity favors the nucleophilic attack and the conjugated acidity favors the protonation. The findings of this theoretical work shed light in the design of new vitrimers with controlled exchange kinetics by chemical modifications.     

Transport and Fate of Organic Compounds in the Global Environment

The role of chemistry in our soon-to-be global industrial society requires a global perspective for the discussion of the uptake, transport, and conversion of chemical compounds in the environment. The fate of organic compounds in the volume flow of the atmosphere and hydrosphere can be categorized into transport pathways and adjustments of equilibria in the multiphase system atmosphere-oceans-land surface. The global volume flow in the atmosphere (wind, areas of high and low pressure) and in the hydrosphere (rivers, circulation of water in lakes, ocean currents) alone would account for the transport of organic compounds if they were stable and if all these compounds were molecularly distributed in these phases. However, this particular case is observed only for volatile chlorofluorocarbons and tetrachloromethane. For most organic compounds, complex adsorption/desorption processes on finely dispersed particle phases in the air and water as well as abiotic and biotic transformations determine the transport behavior. The global fate of a compound includes its accumulation as well as its decomposition in defined environmental compartments. Both phenomenon may have long-term consequences in the af-fected areas; this is indicated by the accumulation of polychlorobiphenyls and analogous compounds in marine mammals and deep-sea fauna, and is evident in the decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons in the stratosphere. The accepted definition of the level of a risk, the product of the probability of an event and the potential amount of damage, takes on a new dimension when viewed from a global perspective-especially when one further connects the extent of the damage to the possible means of correction. It is the responsibility of scientists to point out the irreparable regional to global consequences directly and indirectly connected to the production of chemicals and to provide suggestions for prevention. Politicians can only react by applying their methods to limit the damage; however, they cannot generate any solutions based on science.     

《高分子化学》聚合机理教学中有机化学知识的衔接利用

高分子化学是在有机化学基础上发展而成一门学科,高分子的合成反应与有机小分子的合成反应密切相关,特别是高分子合成反应机理的学习中大量应用到有机化学的基础知识.因此,在高分子化学教学中有效利用有机化学知识是帮助学生更好理解和掌握高分子化学反应机理相关知识的关键.本文根据笔者教学实践,从烯类单体聚合活性及机理、自由基聚合阻聚机理、配位聚合机理等方面以实例形式探讨了如何利用有机化学知识帮助解释高分子化学中反应活性及反应机理.     

探讨PBL教学法在无机化学元素部分教学中的应用

元素部分是无机化学教学中的难点.笔者结合自己的教学实践和教学对象,根据元素化学教学内容的特点,从问题的设定,过程中的实施、效果与评价,多媒体辅助等几方面论述了元素化学教学的实施过程与方法.经验表明,该方法能提高学生的各项能力,充分调动学生的主动性与积极性,有助于元素化学教学质量的提高.     

Feasibility of Ultrafast High‐Resolution Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Molecular‐Mobility‐Restricted Samples in Deuterium‐Free Environments

The feasibility of ultrafast high‐resolution intermolecular multiple‐quantum coherence (UF‐iMQC) spectroscopy for the direct analysis of molecular‐mobility‐restricted samples that are not suitable for magic‐angle spinning, such as a jelly, hand soap, and marrow, is presented. Most components could be directly detected in their original state within 1 min without the need for tedious sample preparation processes. When we use conventional liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method to study these systems, the spectral information could not be retrieved owing to the intrinsic inhomogeneous magnetic fields caused by sample inhomogeneity. In addition, the possibility for UF‐iMQC‐based quantifications is shown. The examples presented in this paper demonstrate the potential of UF iMQC NMR for food safety inspection, for quality testing of daily‐life supplies, or in assisting medical diagnosis.