金属钯表面吸附氢同位素的量子力学计算

基于原子分子反应静力学和群论,应用密度泛函方法B3P86,对H(D,T)用基集合6311G,对Pd用基集合SDD,优化后进行势能面扫描,得到各分子的微观性质,包括构形、多重性、能量、电子状态、键角、平衡键长、谐振频率、谐性力常数和离解能,得到H2(D2,T2)和PdH(PdD,PdT)的电子状态分别为1Σ+g(D∞v)和2Σ+(C∞v),离解能分别为4.5918和2.6268eV.并进一步计算得到反应过程的△Hf°、△Sf°、△Gf°和平衡压力,并导出他们与温度的函数关系,计算结果与实验数据相近.     

H2在Al12X (X=Al, Ni, Cu)团簇表面解离吸附的第一性原理研究

以Ni和Cu原子中心替换的二十面体Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)团簇为基体、采用密度泛函理论系统计算研究了H原子及H2分子在团簇表面的吸附,并对比了纯Al13团簇对H及H2的吸附,结果表明：相对于纯Al13中H原子的桥位吸附、掺杂团簇Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)中H原子均吸附于团簇顶位;无论是吸附H原子还是H2分子,Al12Ni的几何结构均发生大的畸变;相较H2在纯Al13团簇表面的解离吸附,H2在掺杂团簇Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)表面的解离反应过程中反应能均增大、势垒均降低,这表明掺杂团簇Al12X(X=Ni、Cu)相较纯Al13团簇更有利于H2解离吸附的发生。     

HCN气体在金属Cu、Zn表面吸附的密度泛函研究

基于密度泛函理论方法研究了HCN气体在Cu(100)、Cu(110)、Cu(111)、Zn(100)、Zn(110)、Zn(111)表面上不同吸附位点的吸附性质,计算并分析了吸附能、电荷转移、电子态密度的特征。研究表明：HCN在Cu不同表面的吸附能分布在-0.42~-0.29 eV区间内,为物理吸附。HCN在Zn不同表面的吸附能相差较大,Zn(111)表面Hollow吸附位点的吸附能为-1.57 eV,为化学吸附。吸附能较大时对应的HCN的键长键角变化率较大。HCN在Zn表面的吸附要强于在Cu表面的吸附。HCN吸附在金属表面后,电子从吸附剂表面转移到HCN上,同一吸附剂表面不同吸附位点的吸附能越大,电子转移数量越多。吸附后HCN态密度曲线整体向低能级移动,峰值降低,其结构变得更加稳定。     

NH_x(x=1～3)在金属Ir表面吸附与解离的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论,在slab模型下,研究了NH_x(x=1~3)在Ir(100)、Ir(111)和Ir(110)表面上的最稳定吸附位置、几何构型以及逐步脱氢分解过程,计算了相应的吸附能和活化能.计算结果表明,在Ir(100)、Ir(111)面上,NH_3是以C_3轴垂直吸附在顶位,在Ir(110)上,NH_3是以N-Ir键与表面成68.6°吸附在顶位,且吸附能依赖于表面的结构而不同,相比而言,NH_3更容易吸附在开放表面Ir(100)、Ir(110)面上,说明NH_3在这些表面的吸附具有结构敏感性.NH_(x(x=1~3))的分解,在Ir(100),NH_3的吸附与分解存在竞争,在Ir(110)面NH_3最容易分解,在Ir(111)面NH_3是分子性吸附,不能分解.NH_2、NH在三个表面均能够分解,在Ir(110)面活化能均较高.     

氙(Xe)原子在铂(Pt)表面吸附与脱附的分子动力论方法研究

运用分子动力论方法研究单原子气体分子(Xe)在固壁表面(Pt)的吸附与脱附。在构造了合理的气体分子与固壁表面相互作用势模型之后,运用随机经典轨道方法求解气体分子及固壁原子的运动方程,得到气体分子的运动轨迹及状态。结果表明,气体分子在固壁表面的吸附几率与分子的入射平动能量、壁面温度及气-固相互作用势模型的选取等因素有关,气体分子在固壁表面的脱附速率基本满足Arrhenius关系式。     

金属锡表面吸附氢同位素的量子力学计算

根据原子分子反应静力学与群论,确定了H2、D2和T2的基电子状态为1∑+g(D∞v),SnH、SnD和SnT的基电子状态为2∑+( C∞v).应用基函数SDD**和6-311G**,密度泛函B3P86方法,计算了氢同位素分子及其锡化物的结构、能量E、定容热容Cv和熵S.H2 (D2, T2) ,SnH(D , T)和SnH2(D2, T2)的基电子状态分别为1∑+g(D∞h ),2∑+(C∞v)和3B1(C2v).H2、D2和T2的离解能为4.591 8 eV,SnH(D, T)分子的离解能为2.714 7 eV,SnH2(D2, T2)分子的离解能为4.833 9 eV.用总能量中的电子和振动能量近似代表SnHn、SnDn和SnTn(n=1,2)分子处于固态时的能量,用总熵中的电子和振动熵近似代表SnH、 SnD和SnT分子处于固态时的熵,从而计算了锡与H2、D2和T2反应过程的△Hf°,△Sf°,△Gf°和平衡压力, 并导出他们与温度的函数关系.X     

Dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on the ZrB2(0001) surface

We have studied the dissociation of H₂ on the ZrB₂(0001) surface using density functional theory and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). Our results show that H₂ readily dissociates on the Zr-terminated (0001) surface up to a H coverage of 1/2 ML. Furthermore, we show that H is very mobile on the surface and that it desorbs between 545 and 625 K. The calculated vibrational frequencies for the adsorbed H are in excellent agreement with our RAIRS measurements and with previously reported high resolution electron energy loss spectra.     

The heat of adsorption of hydrogen on platinum

The heat of adsorption (q) of hydrogen on clean polycrystalline platinum filaments has been determined as a function of the coverage (θ), temperature and method of preadsorption using UHV adiabatic calorimetric techniques. Adsorption at 273 °K results in a stepped shape q-θ curve with q (θ=0)= 24.7 kcalmole^?1. At 77 °K, the form of the curve depends on the temperature of preadsorption. The relative roles of a priori and induced heterogeneity are discussed and while both must play a part, the temperature dependence of the form of the q-θ curves suggest that the latter is the more important of the two in these experiments.     

Dissociative hydrogen adsorption on nickel surfaces: Absence of a magnetocatalytic effect

The temperature dependence of the rate of dissociative hydrogen adsorption on Ni(111) and Ni(110) surfaces was determined by monitoring the rate of HD production from a mixed H₂ and D₂ molecular beam striking the sample surfaces. No anomaly was found in the vicinity of the Curie point T_c if the surfaces were rigorously kept clean. A step-like increase of the rate was, however, observed near T_c if the surfaces were slightly contaminated with carbon which dissolves in the bulk in this temperature range and segregates back upon cooling. The results are discussed in view of the present knowledge of the magnetic properties of nickel surfaces.     

三氧化钨表面氢吸附机理的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,在广义梯度近似下,研究了立方WO_3,WO_3(001)表面结构及其氢吸附机理.计算结果表明立方晶体WO_3理论带隙宽度为0.587 eV.WO_3(001)表面有WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面两种结构,表面结构优化后W—O键长和W—O—W键角改变,从而实现表面弛豫;WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面分别呈现n型半导体特征和p型半导体特征.分别计算了H原子吸附在WO终止(001)表面和O终止(001)表面的H—O_(2c)—H,H—O_(2c)…H—O_(2c),H—O_(1c)—H和H—O_(1c)…H—O_(1c)四种吸附构型,其中H—O_(1c)—H吸附构型的吸附能最小,H—O键最短,H失去电子数最多,分别为-3.684 eV,0.0968 nm和0.55e,此吸附构型最稳定.分析其吸附前后的态密度,带隙从吸附前的0.624 eV增加到1.004 eV,价带宽度基本不变.H的1s轨道电子与O的2p,2s轨道电子相互作用,在-8和-20 eV附近各形成了一个较强的孤立电子峰,两个H原子分别与一个O_(1c)原子形成化学键,最终吸附反应生成了一个H_2O分子,同时产生了一个表面氧空位.     

Influence of the surface structure on the adsorption of hydrogen on platinum,as studied by field emission probe-hole microscopy

The adsorption of hydrogen on platinum was investigated with a field emission microscope, equipped with a probe-hole assembly to enable adsorption studies on individual emitter regions. Adsorption of hydrogen is markedly face-specific. At 95 K and a hydrogen equilibrium pressure smaller than 2 × 10^?9 Torr the work function decreased strongly on the (111) face but increased on the (110) and (210) regions. Three different adsorption states were observed: β-hydrogen which desorbed above 300 K, α-hydrogen which desorbed around 230 K and a very weakly bound γ-state with a maximum heat of adsorption of 6 $\text{kcal}\text{mole}$. The α- and γ-states caused a decrease, the β-state an increase of the work function. The results show that the relative contribution of these three states and their heat of adsorption depend strongly on the crystal face. The β-state appeared to be absent on a smooth (111) plane. Hydrogen bound in the αstate has a relatively high heat of adsorption on the (111) region. A model has been proposed for the nature of the sites on the different surfaces involved in the adsorption of hydrogen.     

Adsorption of hydrogen on rhodium; Comparison with hydrogen adsorption on platinum and iridium

The adsorption of hydrogen on Rh has been studied (i) on a single crystal tip using field electron microscopy, and (ii) on a filament carrying this tip, using thermal desorption spectroscopy. The results are compared to those of other Group VIII metals. An isosteric heat of adsorption of 19 kcal/mole was found at low coverage, decreasing slightly with increasing coverage. This heat is substantially lower than that on Ru and Ir, determined by the same method. The work function increases by 0.4 eV, a value comparable to data reported for Ni and Ru, but significantly larger than those of Ir and Pt. An electropositive state of hydrogen as observed for Pt and Ir was not found for Rh. A small fraction of the adsorbed hydrogen is not desorbed at temperatures where other transition metal surfaces are completely denuded. This β₂-hydrogen which is desorbed only at 600–800 K, is tentatively assigned to a subsurface species.     

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen adsorption on a calcium-covered polycrystalline platinum foil

The effect of Ca on the adsorption of CO and H₂ is investigated. Ca influences the desorption of both species.     

Theoretical studies of hydrogen molecule adsorption on flat and stepped platinum surfaces

Theoretical calculations have been applied to the adsorption of hydrogen molecule on flat and stepped platinum surfaces. The method of large unit cell is modified to deal with the stepped surface as well as the flat one. This method is free from the boundary effect which is inevitable in the cluster method. The results calculated for the d-band width and the highest occupied level are in good agreement with the experiments. For the dissociative adsorption, the bottom of the step site is the most favorable, and the result is attributed to the extra orbital interactions at this site.     

The adsorption of sulfur on the platinum (100) surface

Clean platinum (100) surfaces of 1× 1 and 5 × 20 structure were exposed to H₂S. Surface coverage with Sulfur followed Langmuir kinetics, which, together with LEED data, points to a repulsive interaction between sulfur atoms. Sulfur adsorption causes a decrease in the work function of platinum by 0.7 eV at saturation coverage. This is attributed to polarization, rather than ionization, of the adsorbed sulfur. Photoemission measurements are difficult to interpret because of two-dimensional periodicity and the overlap of electronic structure of the adsorbate with the platinum d band. We observe peaks due to sulfur at 6.3, 4.5, and 2.5 eV below the Fermi level for the c(2 × 2) overlayer and at 6.8, 4.5, and 2.0 eV below E_F for the p(2 × 2) surface. A tentative interpretation in terms of sulfur orbitals is given. The decrease in work function and analogy with the properties of PtS₂ lead us to propose covalent bonding of sulfur to platinum, in which every sulfur atom is bonded to four Pt neighbors in both structures. The repulsive interaction between sulfur atoms is indirect through the platinum substrate.