有机质谱人工智能解释研究——烷基苯质谱解释程序的评价

本文提出了有机质谱人工智能计算机解释程序的三参数评价方法。采用输出正确率(CRI)、鉴别率(DIS)和置信度(Conf.)来表征解释程序对未知化合物(程序类化合物和非程序类化合物质)谱进行化学结构解释和化合物类型鉴别功能的优劣。CRI值不仅考虑到输出的化学结构是否正确,还考虑到了正确结构(答案)在输出结果中所处的序号。采用上述三参数可以对各不同实验室的同类程序进行相互评价比较。此外,CRI值也可以单独用于各不同来源的质谱数据库的评价比较。     

有机质谱人工智能解释研究——烷基苯质谱解释程序及其应用

本文提出的烷基苯质谱人工智能解释计算机程序(DCP-MSAB),是基于有机质谱碎裂、重排规律,采用CoboL语言编制成的。经过对50多个化合物质谱的计算机程序解释验证,给出96％的首解正确率。该程序已经用于实际样品质谱的解释。     

有机质谱人工智能解释——Z值二级族分类及在环境污染物质谱解释中的应用

本文叙述了环境污染物质谱人工智能解释计算机程序“DCP-AIMS-EP”.程序不仅基于质谱规则,而且基于依Z_i/Z_r值二级族分类构成的新型质谱知识库框架.程序在IBM486计算机上调试通过,并经225个环境污染物质谱和81个“非环境污染物”质谱验证评价,输出正确率达99.3%,置信度达95.3%.     

调节聚合反应

在近十几年来,高分子化合物的质与量方面都在迅速的发展着。因此,对有机合成提出了很多新的要求。那就是如何由易得的,便宜的简单化合物,如天然气、石油气、工业废气等为原料,运用简便的方法制备出那些复杂结构的化合物。调节聚合反应(以下简称“调聚反应”)就是由简单的乙烯、丙烯或其他烯类得到一系列的一元、二元或多功能基的化合物。这些化合物除了做为高分子化合物的原料外,还具有很多特殊     

利用三级质谱与二级质谱匹配策略鉴定丹参中酚酸类成分

多级质谱信息(MS/MS information)可提供鉴定化合物结构的关键线索,多级质谱(MS/MS)图谱到结构的转换(MS/MS spectrum to structure)是精准鉴定化合物结构的重要过程。本研究提出了化合物的三级质谱(MS³)图谱与其结构单元的二级质谱(MS²)图谱匹配策略,实现了化合物结构的精准鉴定。首先,利用三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱仪(Qtrap-MS)的双碰撞池,采集酯类化合物酯基质谱裂解产生的特征碎片离子(c^–和y^–)在线性离子阱(LIT)内经第二次碰撞诱导解离(Collision-induced dissociation, CID)后的MS³图谱,并同步采集其结构单元化合物([M–H]^–)在LIT中经碰撞诱导解离后的MS²图谱,结果表明,酯类化合物特征碎片离子的MS³图谱与结构单元化合物的MS²图谱匹配。最后,采用HR-MS/MS对丹参总酚酸(Total ...     

有机质谱人工智能解释—Z值二级族分类及在环境污染物质谱解释中…

本文叙述了环境污染物质谱人工智能解释计算机程序“ＤＣＰ－ＡＩＭＳ－ＥＰ”，程序不仅基于质谱规则，而且基于依Ｚｉ／Ｚｒ值二级族分类构成的新型质谱知识库框架，程序在ＩＢＭ４８６计算机上调试通过，并经２２５个环境污染物质谱和８１个“非环境污染物”质谱验证评价，输出正确率达９９．３％，置信度达９５．３％。     

2-氨基-5-取代基4-噻唑基膦酸酯的质谱研究

本文对一系列2-氨基-5-取代基-4-噻唑基膦酸酯进行了质谱研究,发现2-氨基-5-取代基-4-噻唑基膦酸酯的膦酰基中的烷基在碎裂过程中产生了一种新的γ-烷基重排反应,并且讨论了这类化合物的质谱碎裂行为,用电子轰击碰撞活化质量分析离子动能谱(EI-CA-MIKES)和高分辨精确质量测量技术(AMMT)作了进一步的研究。     

聚氧乙烯醚的APCI+质谱分析

聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂在润滑油中起着乳化或抗乳化作用,许多乳化剂和抗乳化剂含有聚氧乙烯醚组分结构.该类物质的分子通式为:R-(CH2CH2O)nH,其中R可以是醇基、羧酸基或烷基酚基等等,是亲油基团,n是环氧乙烷的聚合度.这类物质是由高级醇、高级脂肪酸或长链烷基酚与环氧乙烷反应而制得的.运用APCI+源能很好的分析该类化合物.本文仅对不含R基的聚环氧乙烯醚[H(CH2CH2O)H]的分析作以介绍.     

有机磷化合物的质谱研究(Ⅵ)——磷酰二胺酯类化合物的电子轰击质谱和化学电离质谱

本文报道了7种新的N-烷基-N′-乙氧羰基甲基-N′-芳磺酰基-O-乙基磷酰二胺酯化合物的电子轰击质谱(EIMS)和化学电离质谱(CIMS,甲烷为反应气)。结果表明,无论是EIMS,还是CIMS均存在较多的骨架重排离子峰;取代基对谱图有较大的影响;EIMS中P—N键的断裂为重要质谱特征,CIMS中MH~+准分子离子为重要特征离子,还存在分子离子反应的产物。     

Review: derivatization in mass spectrometry-6. Formation of mixed derivatives of polyfunctional compounds

The review describes chemical transformations of multifunctional compounds (amino acids and peptides, amino alcohols, amino thiols, hydroxy acids, oxo acids, oxo alcohols, compounds containing simultaneously three or more different groups etc.) by using step-wise or one-step modification or protection of functional groups. Some chemical aspects of mixed derivatization performed for improving the physical-chemical properties and mass spectral characteristics are discussed. Application of mixed derivatization to qualitative and quantitative analysis of various multifunctional compounds mainly in biological fluids and other matrices by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in electron ionization, chemical ionization, negative-ion chemical ionization and selected ion monitoring modes is considered.     

Effect of different dispersing agents in the non-isothermal kinetics and thermomechanical behavior of PET/TiO2 composites

This work is based on the analysis of the influence of dispersing agents on the non-isothermal kinetics, thermomechanical behavior and dispersing action of PET/TiO₂ nanocomposites. The influence of two montanic waxes and an amide wax used as dispersing agents in the nucleating effect of the nanoparticles is studied. The dispersing agents are the following: a) a partly saponified ester of montanic acids (PSEMA), b) an ester of montanic acids with multifunctional alcohols (MAWMA) and c) an amide wax based on N,N′-Bisstearoyl ethylenediamine (AW). The non-isothermal kinetics based on the Avrami method revealed that MAWMA and PSEMA favors the nucleating effect of the nanoparticles when are included in PET. Birefringence microscopy points out the good dispersing capacity of MAWMA and AW and the termomechanical analysis confirmed that the ester of montanic acids with multifunctional alcohols MAWMA shows the best dispersing properties and best promotes the nucleating effect of the TiO₂ nanoparticles when used for PET/TiO₂ nanocomposites production.     

Morphology assessment of chemically modified cryostructured poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel

The morphology of hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in their frozen hydrated state, modified with biologically active di- and multifunctional molecules was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with cryo-attachment. The porosity of samples was found to be more regular and ordered in the case of samples containing difunctional, and especially multifunctional carboxylic acids as compared to the neat PVA hydrogel. The morphology is dependent not only from the hydrogel composition but also the number of freezing-thawing cycles. Resulted highly porous and oriented structure has significant influence on materials properties, such as compressive stress and crosslinking density.     

Production of triterpene acids by cell suspension cultures of Olea europaea

Olive (Olea europaea) contains large quantity of triterpene acids including oleanolic acid (6) as a major one. Varieties of biological activities exhibited by triterpene acids attracted our attentions, especially from pharmaceutical viewpoints. Cell culture of olive plant was induced and its triterpene constituents were studied. From the cell suspension cultures, six ursane type triterpene acids; ursolic acid (9), pomolic acid (10), rotundic acid (11), tormentic acid (12), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (13) and 19alpha-hydroxyasiatic acid (14), and two oleanane type acids; oleanolic acid and maslinic acid (7), have been isolated. Quantity of ursane type triterpene acids produced by cell cultures was larger than that of oleanane type. Further, a multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) named OEA was cloned by homology based PCRs from the same cultured cells. Major product of OEA is alpha-amyrin (ursane skeleton), showing good accordance to higher content of ursane-type triterpene acids in the cultured cells, and strongly suggesting OEA to be a major contributor OSC for their production.     

A class of α-amino acids-derived multifunctional amidophosphane precatalysts: application to the highly enantio- and diastereoselective silver(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

A class of multifunctional amidophosphanes derived from chiral α-amino acids have been developed with two amide bonds, a tertiary amine and a phosphine. In combination with Ag(I) salts, these amidophosphanes have been demonstrated as highly efficient multifunctional catalysts in the asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides as well as the three-component reaction of the α-iminoesters in situ generated. Under optimal conditions, highly functionalized endo-8 pyrrolidines were obtained with good to excellent yields (up to 99% yield) and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee).     

A three-component Mannich-type condensation leading to phosphinic dipeptides—extended transition state analogue inhibitors of aminopeptidases

N-Protected α-aminoalkylphosphinic acids bearing a P-H function were found to be novel practical building blocks in three-component condensations with formaldehyde and secondary amines (amino acids). Such Mannich-type N-phosphonomethylation is a common approach for phosphorus acid derived substrates and leads to multifunctional (phosphonic/amino/carboxylic) compounds of diverse relevance. The utility of this reaction was examined for construction, in a single synthetic step, of advanced phosphinic pseudodipeptides designed to act as extended transition state analogue inhibitors of selected aminopeptidases. Phosphinomethylation of primary amino acids was less efficient and yielded mixtures of products which were separated into individual components, and their structures identified.     

Synthesis of new enantiomerically enriched beta-Hydroxy-gamma-amino phosphines by selective transformation of naturally occurring amino acids

Ring opening of amino epoxides derived from naturally occurring amino acids with lithium diphenylphosphido borane is reported as an efficient approach to a new family of enantiomerically enriched multifunctional phosphines.     

Carbon-carbon bond cleavage by cytochrome p450(BioI)(CYP107H1)

Cytochrome p450(BioI)(CYP107H1) is believed to supply pimelic acid equivalents for biotin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: we report here that the mechanistic pathway adopted by this multifunctional p450 for the in-chain cleavage of fatty acids is via consecutive formation of alcohol and threo-diol intermediates, with the likely absolute configuration of the intermediates also reported.     

Determination of oxygenated compounds in secondary organic aerosol from isoprene and toluene smog chamber experiments

The determination of multifunctional oxygenated compounds in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) usually requires a derivatisation protocol prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS). Our proposed protocol, a combination of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBHA) plus diluted N-methyl-N-trimethyl-silyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) without catalyst, has improved the determination of carbonyls, polyhydroxyl-compounds, hydroxyl-carbonyls, hydroxyl-carboxylic acids and di-carboxylic acids. The optimised derivatisation protocol has been successfully used for blanks, standard mixtures and photo-oxidation products from isoprene and toluene generated in a high-volume simulation chamber (European Photoreactor, EUPHORE).

Some previously identified degradation products for isoprene including tetrols such as threitol, erythritol; 2-methyltetrols and 2-methylglyceric acid; and for toluene including nitrophenols, methyl-nitrophenols, benzaldehyde, p-cresol, benzoic acid, glyoxylic acid and methyl-glyoxylic acid, have been identified in our aerosol samples, thus confirming the successful applicability of the proposed derivatisation protocol. Moreover, the reduction of artefacts and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, have allowed us to extend the number of multifunctional compounds determined. These findings have demonstrated the validity of this analytical strategy, which will contribute to a better understanding of the atmospheric degradation chemistry of biogenic and anthropogenic pollutants.     

Analysis of aliphatic car☐ylic acids and amino acids in effluents of landfills, composting plants and fermentation plants by ion-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography

Short chain aliphatic acids, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs), di-/tricar☐ylic acids, hydroxy- and keto-acids were analyzed in landfill leachates and related water samples by two independently operated ion-exclusion chromatographic systems, differing mainly in the retention characteristics of the separation columns (Merck Polyspher OA-HY, Dionex HPICE AS6), and in the detection mode (UV absorbance at 210 nm, conductivity). The amino acid content of the samples was determined by ion chromatography. Because methods for amino acids analysis are widely standardized, the main efforts were undertaken to optimize the determination of car☐ylic acids. The VFAs (7 compounds) contributed between 33% and 89% to the sample's dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. The DOC proportions of the multifunctional acids (9 compounds) ranged from 1.1–49%. Between 0.9% and 13% of the DOC content was apportioned to amino acids. Main components were alanine, valine and leucine. The analytical efficiencies of the ion-exclusion chromatography systems were compared and the specific application properties are discussed.