Surface characterization and catalytic CO + H2 reaction on Fe82.2B17.8 amorphous alloy

Fe_82.2B_17.8 amorphous ribbon has been used as a catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch-type reaction of CO+H₂. Specific activity has been found to be at least an order of magnitude higher than that of either the crystallized ribbon of identical composition or the supported iron catalyst. Before and after the catalytic tests the ribbons were characterized by XRD, XPS, UPS and Mössbauer spectroscopy in transmission and in conversion electron modes. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy and UPS proved that the surface of the amorphous ribbons is being partially crystallized during 8000 min reaction time at a maximum reaction temperature of 560 K. The superior catalytic activity has been explained by stabilization of the small iron particles and Fe₂O₃ by boron atoms at the surface and by suppressed carbide formation.     

Mechanical properties of metallic ribbons investigated by depth sensing indentation technique

The paper presents mechanical properties of two kinds of Co-based and one Fe-based metallic ribbons by the depth sensing indentation (DSI) technique. Investigations were carried out on two kinds ternary alloy Co₇₇Si_11,5B_11,5 and Fe₇₈Si₁₃B₉ and multicomponent Co₆₈Fe₄Mo₁Si_13,5B_13,5, which are so-called “zero-magnetostriction” materials. Metallic ribbons were investigated in amorphous state and partially crystallized state after annealing in 400°C in argon atmosphere. Heating of ribbons obtained by melt spinning technique was performed to check its effect on changes of mechanical properties.     

Annealing embrittlement of Fe78Si9B13 (METGLAS-2605S2)

The ductile to brittle transition that occurs in amorphous Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ (METGLAS-2605S2) has been investigated using mechanical measurements over the temperature range 250–370 °C. The fracture toughness values, K _Ic , have been determined for a range of annealing times (5–30 min) and cooling rates of 15–45 °C/min. A pronounced ductile to brittle transition is observed around 310(10) °C although no obvious structural changes are evident as indicated by x-ray diffraction. Comparison of transmission and back-scattered conversion electron ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra for the bulk as-received ribbon in the ductile state ( $K_{Ic}=52~{\rm MPa} \cdot \sqrt{m}$ ) and the ribbon annealed to the brittle state ( $K_{Ic}\sim10~{\rm MPa} \cdot \sqrt{m}$ ) indicates magnetic texture effects in both the bulk and on the surface of these amorphous ribbons, related to the magnetostriction resulting from the quenched-in stress during the ribbon production process, and the ensuing stress-relief upon annealing.     

Structure and soft magnetic properties of FINEMET type alloys: Fe73.5Si13.5Nb3 − x Mo x B9Cu1 (x = 1.5, 2)

FINEMET type ribbons (Fe_73.5Si_13.5Nb_3???xMo_xB₉Cu₁, x = 1.5, 2 at.%) were produced by the planar flow casting technique and subsequently heat treated at 823 K to induce nanocrystallization and to optimize its soft magnetic properties. The coercivity, measured by conventional fluxmetric method, resulted in H _C?=?0.53 ±0.10 and 0.41±0.05 A/m for x?=?1.5 and 2 respectively. A correlation between magnetic properties and the amorphous and nanocrystalline phases when Nb was partially substituted with Mo was studied by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.     

The influence of Cr-content on curie temperature,crystallization temperature and room temperature electrical resistivity of Fe85−xCrxB15 metallic glasses

Amorphous ribbons of nominal compositions Fe_85-xCr_xB₁₅,_x =5, 10, 15 and 20 at%, were produced by a continuous liquid quenching technique. The Curie temperatures were measured using several methods. A quite large decrease with increasing Cr-content is observed: 20 K/at% Cr around 300 K. The Curie temperatures are compared with those of similar metallic glass systems based on Fe and Cr reported in the literature. The crystallization temperatures determined from measurements of the electrical resistivity versus temperature at a heating rate of ≈10K/min are obtained as a function of Cr-content, showing an increase in stability between 10 and 15 at% Cr. Finally, the room temperature (≈295K) electrical resistivities of as quenched and crystallized samples are given. The resistivity of the as quenched ribbons in nearly independent of Cr-content (≈128 μΩ cm) while the resistivity of the crystallized ribbons show an increase of ≈2.7 μΩ cm/at% Cr.     

X-ray and Mössbauer study of rapidly solidified Ce20Fe80 ribbons; effect of the quenching rate

Ce₂₀Fe₈₀ ribbons have been produced by planar flow casting under an He atmosphere at linear wheel velocities between 19 and 29 m s^–1. Analysis of ribbons by X-ray diffraction and⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectrometry in the temperature range 77–300 K shows that the ribbons are crystallized. For higher velocities, the ribbon is constituted of the two equilibrium phases CeFe₂ and Ce₂Fe₁₇, but, for lower velocities, there appears a third iron metallic phase, which can be explained by the quenching rate of the melt. A coherent hyperfine parameter set was deduced from fitting Mössbauer spectra in the whole temperature range.     

Identification of substitutional and interstitial Fe in 6H-SiC

Iron impurities on interstitial (Fe_i) and substitutional sites (Fe_S) in SiC have been detected by ⁵⁷Fe emission Mössbauer spectroscopy following implantation of radioactive ⁵⁷Mn⁺ parent ions. At temperatures <900 K two Fe_i species are found, assigned to quasi-tetrahedral interstitial sites surrounded by, respectively, four C (Fe_i,C) or Si atoms (Fe_i,Si). Above 900 K, the Fe_i,Si site is proposed to “transform” into the Fe_i,C site by a single Fe_i jump during the lifetime of the Mössbauer state (T _1/2?=?100 ns). Fe_i,C and substitutional Fe_S sites are stable up to >1,070 K.     

Microstructure evolution in the rapidly quenched Fe78Si9B13 ribbons

We report microstructure evolution in as-spun Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ ribbons under various wheel speeds (s), which was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). With decreasing s, the volume fraction of the residual amorphous phase (V_a) in the as-spun ribbons decreases gradually, and the total exothermic heat of the crystallization in the DSC curves also decreases, but the ratio of the exothermic heat of the second crystallization to the first one is on the contrary. α-Fe is found in the ribbon with s of 32.9 m/s, while α-Fe, eutectic α-Fe+Fe₂B, and Fe₃Si phases are found in ribbons with s of 25.6 and 18.3 m/s. The phase precipitating behavior in cooling processes is well consistent with the annealing process in the literatures.     

Mössbauer study of the in-plane anisotropy in annealed amorphous Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2 ribbons

Mössbauer spectra of amorphous Fe₈₁B_13.5Si_3.5C₂ ribbons (METGLAS 2605 SC) annealed in transverse magnetic field at 594 and 654 K were recorded for various orientations of the ribbons. It is determined that the in-plane projection of the anisotropy is 17° off the transverse axis for the 594 K annealed specimen and 10° off the transverse axis for the 654 K specimen.     

Mössbauer spectroscopical investigation of amorphous Fe–Y alloy ribbons prepared by melt spinning

Fe–Y amorphous alloy ribbons were prepared by the melt spinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering. X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the Fe_0.7Y_0.3 ribbons are completely amorphous, whereas the Fe_0.3Y_0.7 ribbons contain a small fraction of crystalline Y precipitates in the amorphous Fe–Y matrix. Mössbauer spectroscopy between 4.2 to 300 K reveals the amorphous nature of the Fe–Y matrix and the Fe_0.7Y_0.3 ribbons. The preliminary neutron scattering results S(Q, ω) show excess low energy vibrational modes which gives rise to the so called “boson peak” in this amorphous material.     

Joule heating method coupled with Mössbauer spectroscopy for the study of the crystallization of amorphous ribbons

The interesting steps of the crystallization process of two types of amorphous ribbons Fe₅₀Ni₃₀B₁₂Si_e and Fe₇₂Cr₉Si_0·3P₉C₁₀ have been detected and locked by the Joule heating method. This method reveals instantaneously with high reproductibility the various steps but Mössbauer spectroscopy seems the most adequate technique to evaluate the crystallinity rate during the crystallization process.     

Investigation of magnetic properties and micromagnetic structure of multicomponent Fe61.4Ni3.6Cr3.2Si2.4Nb7.8Mn3.6B18 amorphous ribbons

The magnetic properties and micromagnetic structure (equilibrium distribution of magnetization) of multicomponent Fe_61.4Ni_3.6Cr_3.2Si_2.4Nb_7.8Mn_3.6B₁₈ amorphous ribbons are studied using scanning Kerr microscopy and a vibrating sample magnetometer. 5-mm-wide and 35-μm-thick ribbons were obtained by hardening of melt in a rapidly rotating drum. Strong difference in the surface and bulk magnetic parameters of the ribbons is established. Domain walls (DW) parallel to the ribbon length are detected. It is shown that quasistatic magnetization reversal of ribbons mainly occurs due to the DW displacement.     

Anisotropy of losses in amorphous ribbons

The soft magnetic properties of amorphous ribbons are expected to be anistropic because of the shear deformation during the melt spinning procedure. In this paper the losses of an Fe₈₀B₁₄Si₆ amorphous ribbon were measured on stripes which were cut either parallel or perpendicular to the ribbon axis. The dependence of the losses as a function of peak induction and frequency suggests that there is an easy axis of magnetization parallel to the ribbon axis. After stress relief annealing this anisotropy is reduced. That is why this anisotropy is assumed to be due to internal stress introduced upon quenching.     

Light scattering by the surface of amorphous alloy ribbons modified by annealing and cryogenic treatment

The modification of the microrelief and structure of the surface layers of ribbons of an amorphous metal alloy based on iron and cobalt after thermal treatment at elevated and cryogenic temperatures and under the action of an external magnetic field is studied by the method of light scattering. The parameters of the surface roughness were calculated from the experimentally found indicatrices of light scattering. It is shown that heating of the metal ribbons to T=650–750 K partially relieves stresses arising in the course of the ribbon preparation and reduces the surface roughness as compared to that of freshly prepared samples. Cryogenic treatment at T=78 K increases the surface roughness, and application of a magnetic field to a ribbon causes anisotropy in the surface layer due to the magnetostrictive effect.     

Structural transformations of Fe81B13Si4C2 amorphous alloy induced by heating

Thermal stability and crystallization of the Fe₈₁B₁₂Si₄C₂ alloy were investigated in the temperature range 25-700 °C by the XRD and Mössbauer analysis. It was shown that on heating the as-prepared amorphous Fe₈₁B₁₂Si₄C₂ alloy undergoes thermal stabilization through a series of structural transformations involving the process of stress-relieving (temperature range 200-400 °C), followed by a loss of ferromagnetic properties (Curie temperature at 420 °C) and finally crystallization (temperature range 450-530 °C). The process of crystallization begins by formation of two crystal phases: Fe₃B and subsequently Fe₂B, as well as a solid solution α-Fe(Si). With increase in annealing temperature, the completely crystallized alloy involved only two phases, Fe₂B and solid solution α-Fe(Si).XRD patterns established a difference in phase composition and size of the formed crystallites during crystallization depending on the side (fishy or shiny) of the ribbon. The first nuclei of the phase α-Fe₃Si were found on the shiny side by XRD after heat treatment even at 200 °C but the same phase on the fishy side of ribbon was noticed after heat treatment at 450 °C. The largest difference between the contact and free surface was found for the Fe₂B phase crystallized by heating at 700 °C, showing the largest size of crystallites of about 130 nm at 700 °C on the free (shiny) surface.     

Systematic study of mechanical deformation on Fe3Al x Si1−x powders by Mössbauer spectroscopy

The Mössbauer technique has been used to measure hyperfine magnetic fields, isomer shifts and relative areas of ⁵⁷Fe atoms located at various sites in Fe₃Al _x Si_1?x series with x?=?0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7. Four samples were crushed; then they were annealed for 10 h at 1,023 K and cooled down at 3°/min in order to recover the DO₃ stable phase. Mössbauer studies revealed that annealed samples have a DO₃ structure, whereas deformed samples are partially disordered, with both ordered DO₃ and disordered A2 structures, even though X-rays measurements do not show superstructure peaks. The amount of disordered structure decreases with Si content.     

Rapid stress annealing dependence of structural and magnetic properties of Fe75 − x Co x Cu1Nb3Si15B6 alloys

Structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe_75???x Co _x Cu₁ Nb₃Si₁₅B₆ (x?=?0, 2, 5) alloys are reported using magnetic measurements X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy. Results show that: (1) for the specimens with x?=?0 reveal that the volume fraction of the nanograins and their grain diameter ranges between 56% and 80% and 10 and 18 nm, (2) annealing above 700°C apart from Fe₃Si type nanocrystals, magnetically hard Fe₃B, Fe₂₃B phases also appear, leading to a sharp increase of the coercive field, (3) Co content and applied stress during annealing has considerable effect on relative permeability and stress induced anisotropy, which is perpendicular to the ribbon axis, Mössbauer spectroscopy also suggests changes in spin texture.     

Effect of Nb addition on the structure and soft magnetic properties of melt-spun Co69Fe7Si14B10 alloy

Melt-spun ribbons of Co₆₉Fe₇Si_14−xNb_xB₁₀ alloys with x=0, 2 and 4 have been prepared and characterized for structure and soft magnetic properties. Ribbons with x=0 and x=2 are found to be completely amorphous whereas the ribbon with x=4 contains irregular shaped faulted Co₂Si orthorhombic phase with grain size of about 100 nm. Nb addition is found to decrease the degree of amorphicity and induce perpendicular anisotropy, deteriorating the soft magnetic and magnetoimpedance properties.     

基于β-FeSi2的(Fe, M)Si2三元合金相形成规律

二元β-FeSi₂相是一种重要的窄带半导体型金属硅化物,研究了基于该二元相的三元合金的形成规律,以丰富其材料范围.首先,利用团簇线判据作为理论依据,选取一个团簇和一个连接原子构成的模型,添加不同的第三组元作为连接原子,设计了Fe₃Si₈M(M=B, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Al）系列合金成分,即用添加组元替代二元相中的Fe连接原子.然后,用真空吸铸和真空甩带方法制备合金棒以及薄带,以获得无成分偏析的均匀合 关键词： 2')" href="#">β-FeSi₂ 三元合金 团簇线     

Mössbauer study of Fe in 3C-SiC following 57Mn implantation

Our investigations on substitutional and interstitial Fe in the group IV semiconductors, from ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer measurements following ⁵⁷Mn implantation, have been continued with investigations in 3C-SiC. Mössbauer spectra were collected after implantation and measurement at temperatures from 300 to 905 K. Following comparison with Mössbauer parameters for Fe in Si, diamond and Ge, four Fe species are identified: two due to Fe in tetrahedral interstitial sites surrounded, respectively, by four C atoms (Fe_i.C) or four Si atoms (Fe_i,Si) and two to Fe in (or close to) defect free or implantation damaged substitutional sites. An annealing stage at 300–500 K is evident. Above 600 K the Fe_i,Si fraction decreases markedly, reaching close to zero intensity at 905 K. This is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the Fe_i,C fraction.