Pre- and post-processing for the finite element method

The finite element method provides a powerful procedure to mathematically model physical phenomena. The technique is numerically formulated and is effectively used on a broad range of computers. The method has increased in both popularity and functionality with the development of user friendly pre- and post-processing software. Pre-processing software is used to create the model, generate an appropriate finite element grid, apply the appropriate boundary conditions, and view the total model. Post-processing provides visualization of the computed results. This paper addresses the pertinent issues of pre- and post-processing for finite element analysis. It reviews the capabilities that are provided by pre- and post-processors and suggests enhancements and new features that will likely be developed in the near future.     

非线性sine-Gordon方程的各向异性线性元高精度分析新模式

在各向异性网格下,针对一类非线性sine-Gordon方程提出了线性三角形元新的高精度分析模式.基于该元的积分恒等式结果,导出了插值与Riesz投影之间的误差估计,再借助于插值后处理技术得到了在半离散和全离散格式下单独利用插值或Riesz投影所无法得到的超逼近和超收敛结果.最后,对一些常见的单元作了进一步探讨.     

Implementing and using high-order finite element methods

We present theoretical analyses of and detailed timings for two programs which use high-order finite element methods to solve the Navier- Strokes equations in two and three dimensions. The analyses show that algorithms popular in low-order finite element implementations are not always appropriate for high-order methods. The timings show that with the proper algorithms high-order finite element methods are viable for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. We show that it is more efficient, both in time and storage, not to precompute element matrices as the degree of approximating functions increases. We also study the cost of assembling the stiffness matrix versus directly evaluating bilinear forms in two and three dimensions. We show that it is more efficient not to assemble the full stiffness matrix for high-order methods in some cases. We consider the computational issues with regard to both Euclidean and isoparametric elements. We show that isoparametric elements may be used with higher-order elements without increasing the order of computational complexity.     

An Approximation of Three-Dimensional Semiconductor Devices by Mixed Finite Element Method and Characteristics-Mixed Finite Element Method

The mathematical model for semiconductor devices in three space dimensions are numerically discretized. The system consists of three quasi-linear partial differential equations about three physical variables: the electrostatic potential, the electron concentration and the hole concentration. We use standard mixed finite element method to approximate the elliptic electrostatic potential equation. For the two convection-dominated concentration equations, a characteristics-mixed finite element method is presented. The scheme is locally conservative. The optimal $L^2$-norm error estimates are derived by the aid of a post-processing step. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.     

Numerical analysis of finite element methods for miscible displacements in porous media

Finite element methods are used to solve a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations, which models incompressible miscible displacement in porous media. Through a backward finite difference discretization in time, we define a sequentially implicit time-stepping algorithm that uncouples the system at each time-step. The Galerkin method is employed to approximate the pressure, and accurate velocity approximations are calculated via a post-processing technique involving the conservation of mass and Darcy's law. A stabilized finite element ( SUPG ) method is applied to the convection–diffusion equation delivering stable and accurate solutions. Error estimates with quasi-optimal rates of convergence are derived under suitable regularity hypotheses. Numerical results are presented confirming the predicted rates of convergence for the post-processing technique and illustrating the performance of the proposed methodology when applied to miscible displacements with adverse mobility ratios. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 14: 519–548, 1998     

A SUPERONVERGENCE ANALYISIS FOR FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION BY THE INTERPOLANT POSTPROCESSING ON IRREGULAR MESHES FOR SMOOTH PROBLEM

1. IntroductionThe results in this paper are based on the idea of interpolation postprocessing in [11 andthe techniques of LZ projection processing in [2]For simlicity) we consider the model problem: Finds e Hi(fl),such thatSuppose that Jh and JH are irregular triangulations (or quadrilateral partitions). Theirsizes satisfy h << H, (H - 0). Construct piecewise k-order and r-order finite element spaceSh and SH respectively. Let ah E Sh be the Galerkin approximation of u E HJ(fl), andbe …     

A p-version MITC finite element method for Reissner–Mindlin plates with curved boundaries

We consider the approximation of Reissner–Mindlin plates with curved boundaries, using a p-version MITC finite element method. We describe in detail the formulation and implementation of the method, and emphasize the need for a Piola-type map in order to handle the curved geometry of the elements. The results of our numerical computations demonstrate the robustness of the method and suggest that it gives near exponential convergence when the error is measured in the energy norm. For the robust computation of quantities of engineering interest, such as the shear force, the proposed method yields very satisfactory results without the need for any additional post-processing. Comparisons are made with the standard finite element formulation, with and without post-processing.     

Sobolev方程的一类各向异性非协调有限元逼近

在各向异性网格下,分别讨论了Sobolev方程在半离散和全离散格式下的一类非协调有限元逼近,得到了与传统有限元方法相同的误差估计和一些超逼近性质.同时在半离散格式下,通过构造具有各向异性特征的插值后处理算子得到了整体超收敛结果.     

Numerical Solutions for second-kind Volterra integral equations by Galerkin methods

In this paper, we study the global convergence for the numerical solutions of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind by means of Galerkin finite element methods. Global superconvergence properties are discussed by iterated finite element methods and interpolated finite element methods. Local superconvergence and iterative correction schemes are also considered by iterated finite element methods. We improve the corresponding results obtained by collocation methods in the recent papers [6] and [9] by H. Brunner, Q. Lin and N. Yan. Moreover, using an interpolation post-processing technique, we obtain a global superconvergence of the O(h ^2r )-convergence rate in the piecewise-polynomial space of degree not exceeding (r–1). As a by-product of our results, all these higher order numerical methods can also provide an a posteriori error estimator, which gives critical and useful information in the code development.     

Superconvergence of new mixed finite element spaces

In this paper we prove some superconvergence of a new family of mixed finite element spaces of higher order which we introduced in [ETNA, Vol. 37, pp. 189-201, 2010]. Among all the mixed finite element spaces having an optimal order of convergence on quadrilateral grids, this space has the smallest unknowns. However, the scalar variable is only suboptimal in general; thus we have employed a post-processing technique for the scalar variable. As a byproduct, we have obtained a superconvergence on a rectangular grid. The superconvergence of a velocity variable naturally holds and can be shown by a minor modification of existing theory, but that of a scalar variable requires a new technique, especially for k=1. Numerical experiments are provided to support the theory.     

A Superconvergence Analysis for Finite Element Solution by the Interpolant Postprocessing on Irregular Meshes for Smooth Problem

The post-processing procedure is given by an interpolant postprocessing of the finite element solution by appropriately-defined finite dimensional subspaces. The corresponding superconvergence is established on general quasi-regular finite element partitions.     

特征值问题协调/非协调有限元后验误差分析

本文研究对称椭圆特征值问题的有限元后验误差估计,包括协调元和非协调元,具有下列特色:(1)对协调/非协调元建立了有限元特征函数uh的误差与相应的边值问题有限元解的误差在局部能量模意义下的恒等关系式,该边值问题的右端为有限元特征值λh与uh的乘积,有限元解恰好为uh.从而边值问题有限元解在能量模意义下的局部后验误差指示子,包括残差型和重构型后验误差指示子,成为有限元特征函数在能量模意义下的局部后验误差指示子.(2)讨论了协调有限元特征函数的基于插值后处理的梯度重构型后验误差估计,对有限元特征函数的导数得到了最大模意义下的渐近准确局部后验误差指示子.     

Sobolev方程各向异性矩形非协调有限元分析

研究了Sobolev方程的各向异性矩形非协调有限元方法．在半离散和全离散格式下,得到了与传统协调有限元方法相同的最优误差估计和超逼近性质．进一步地利用插值后处理技术得到了整体超收敛结果．最后的数值结果表明了理论分析的正确性．     

A linear model for surface mining haul truck allocation incorporating shovel idle probabilities

We present models of trucks and shovels in oil sand surface mines. The models are formulated to minimize the number of trucks for a given set of shovels, subject to throughput and ore grade constraints. We quantify and validate the nonlinear relation between a shovel’s idle probability (which determines the shovel’s productivity) and the number of trucks assigned to the shovel via a simple approximation, based on the theory of finite source queues. We use linearization to incorporate this expression into linear integer programs. We assume in our integer programs that each shovel is assigned a single truck size but we outline how one could account for multiple truck sizes per shovel in an approximate fashion. The linearization of shovel idle probabilities allows us to formulate more accurate truck allocation models that are easily solvable for realistic-sized problems.     

SUPERCONVERGENCE OF TETRAHEDRAL QUADRATIC FINITE ELEMENTS

For a model elhptic boundary value problem we will prove that on strongly regular families of uniform tetrahedral partitions of a pohyhedral domain, the gradient of the quadratic finite element approximation is superclose to the gradient of the quadratic La-grange interpolant of the exact solution. This supercloseness will be used to construct a post-processing that increases the order of approximation to the gradient in the global L^2-norm。     

多孔介质中非Fick流的校正方法

本文首先给出H~1-模意义下多孔介质中非Fick流的矩形双线性元的渐进误差展开,进而通过插值后处理方法得到一种插值校正格式来提高有限元近似解的精度.     

基于改进位移模式的二维有限元线法超收敛算法

提出了基于改进位移模式的二维有限元线法超收敛算法．利用单元内部需满足平衡方程的条件,推导了超收敛计算的解析公式的显式,即将高阶有限元线法解的位移模式用常规有限元线法解的位移模式表示．用常规有限元线法解的位移模式与高阶有限元线法解的位移模式之和构造新的位移模式,基于线性形函数,采用变分形式推导了有限元线法求解的修正的常微分方程组．该算法在前和后处理同时使用超收敛计算公式,在原有试函数的基础上,增加了高阶试函数．使得单元内平衡方程的残差减少,从而达到提高精度的目标．对于二维Poisson方程问题,给出了有代表性的算例,结点和单元内的位移、导数的收敛精度得到了极大的提高．     

PPIFE Method with Non-Homogeneous Flux Jump Conditions and Its Efficient Numerical Solver for Elliptic Optimal Control Problems with Interfaces

In this paper, we design a partially penalized immersed finite element method for solving elliptic interface problems with non-homogeneous flux jump conditions. The method presented here has the same global degrees of freedom as classic immersed finite element method. The non-homogeneous flux jump conditions can be handled accurately by additional immersed finite element functions. Four numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the optimal convergence rates of the method in $L^{\infty}$, $L^{2}$ and $H^{1}$ norms. Furthermore, the method is combined with post-processing technique to solve elliptic optimal control problems with interfaces. To solve the resulting large-scale system, block diagonal preconditioners are introduced. These preconditioners can lead to fast convergence of the Krylov subspace methods such as GMRES and are independent of the mesh size. Four numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the numerical schemes and preconditioners.     

A dynamic data structure suitable for adaptive mesh refinement in finite element method

This paper describes a dynamic data structure and its implementation, used for an optimum mesh generator. The implementation of this mesh generator was a part of a software package implemented to solve electromagnetic field problems using the finite element method. This mesh generator takes advantage of the Delaunay algorithm, which maximizes the summation of the smallest angles in all triangles and thus creates a mesh that is proved to be an optimum mesh for use in the finite element method. The dynamic data structure is explained and the source code is reviewed. The programs have been written in Pascal programming language.     

A symmetric finite volume scheme for selfadjoint elliptic problems

Based on a linear finite element space, a symmetric finite volume scheme for a self-adjoint elliptic boundary-value problem is proposed. Error estimates in L²-norm, H¹-norm, and L^∞-norm are derived. Some post-processing techniques are also provided.