环己烷在Pt-Ir双金属催化剂上加氢转化反应规律的研究

采用高压微型反应器．在压力为4．0MPa，温度230℃～320℃、氢油比为500：1、空速1．0h^-1条件下，研究了不同Ir／Pt原子比的双金属催化剂上环己烷的催化反应规律．结果表明．反应温度和Ir／Pt原子比是影响催化剂开环活性、裂化活性的两个重要因素，当反应温度为290℃时，催化剂I的开环活性最好，开环产物的选择性为86．5％，环己烷转化率为82．3％,在Ir、Pt双金属催化剂上环己烷的开环机理除正碳离子机理外．主要符合金属氢解机理．     

HY／MCM-41／γ-A12O3负载的硫化态Ni-Mo-P催化剂上萘的加氢

采用水热法合成了不同SiO2／Al2O3比的MCM-41介孔分子筛．并分别以HY／MCM-41／γ-A1203，HY／γ-A12O3和γ-Al2O3为载体，用浸渍法制备了Mo-Ni-P催化剂．以萘为模型化合物，考察了硫化态Mo-Ni-P催化剂的加氢活性．结果表明，不同载体负载的催化剂催化活性均随着活性组分负载量的增大而提高，其中掺杂大比表面MCM-41的HY／MCM-41/γ-Al2O3所负载的催化剂催化活性提高幅度最大．由于MCM-41与HY分子筛在酸性和孔结构上存在互补性，因而催化剂对萘加氢存在协同作用．提出了萘加氢的反应机理，认为反应网络包括两个平行路径：-是萘加氢生成四氢萘后发生异构化或开环反应；二是萘加氢生成四氢萘后进-步加氢生成十氢萘，继而发生异构化或开环反应．     

Pt含量及活化温度对固体超强酸催化剂异构化性能的影响

本文制备了固体超强酸Pt- S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,采用XRD、TPR、TG-DTA 、FT-IR等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征,并在高压微反－色谱联合装置上,考察了Pt质量分数和活化温度对催化剂正戊烷异构化性能的影响. 结果表明,Pt能使催化剂的还原温度降低;增强载体表面氢气的溢流效应,提高酸强度;Pt质量分数0.10%、活化温度300℃的催化剂异构化活性最高,在反应温度220℃、压力2.0MPa、氢烃摩尔比4:1、质量空速1.0h-1时,异戊烷产率达62.3%. 在100h内异戊烷收率可稳定在55%左右,选择性在98.0％以上.     

4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应机理的研究 Ⅰ.NiW体系催化剂的催化行为

 分别以γ－Al2O3、无定形硅铝和含少量稀土分子筛的γ－Al2O3为载体，制备了不同系列的NiW体系加氢脱硫催化剂，并在连续流动微反装置上评价了催化剂对4，6－二甲基二苯并噻吩（DMDBT）加氢脱硫反应的催化性能．结果表明，NiW体系催化剂对该反应具有较高的芳烃加氢和脱硫活性；先加氢后脱硫是加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的主要途径，提高加氢活性是提高HDS活性最有效的途径；增强载体的酸性，直接脱硫和裂解活性均有所提高．同时，酸性载体负载的催化剂还显示出一定的异构化性能，但其加氢活性低于氧化铝负载的催化剂．酸性载体负载的NiW催化剂的异构化性能在邻二甲苯异构化反应中得到进一步证实．根据实验结果，讨论了NiW体系催化剂上DMDBT转化反应的不同途径．     

在Pt/HZSM-5双功能催化剂上FCC汽油加氢异构化反应机理及动力学研究

在活性趋于稳定的Pt/HZSM-5双功能催化剂上，利用连续流动微反一色谱装置，进行了催化裂化汽油加氢异构化反应机理和动力学的研究．在250-330℃，1．0-3．0MPa反应条件下，考察了催化汽油加氢异构化反应产物分布，按单分子反应机理，建立了催化裂化汽油中烯烃加氢异构化反应网络和动力学模型，计算了反应网络中各步的反应速率常数和活化能．结果表明：Pt／HZSM-5双功能催化剂具有较好的加氢和异构活性，在保证辛烷值不下降的条件下，可使催化裂化汽油中烯烃加氢饱和，达到降低汽油烯烃和提高安定性的目的．     

微乳液法制备Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3型固体超强酸催化剂及其异构化性能

采用微乳液法负载Pt制备了Pt-S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3(Pt-SZA-M)固体超强酸催化剂, 以正戊烷异构化反应为探针, 对比了微乳液法和浸渍法负载Pt制备的催化剂(Pt-SZA)的异构化性能, 并采用XRD, FTIR, BET, TG-DTA, TPR和TEM对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂中Pt粒子的粒径更小(4.5 nm)且尺寸更均一; Pt-SZA-M催化剂的比表面积(109.6 m2/g)比Pt-SZA催化剂(95.0 m2/g)增加了15.4%. Pt-SZA-M催化剂的初始还原温度比Pt-SZA催化剂降低了10~20℃, 表明微乳液法负载Pt可以提高催化剂的氧化活性, 提高氢分子在催化剂上的吸附解离能力. 异构化活性实验结果表明, 与Pt-SZA催化剂相比, Pt-SZA-M催化剂的低温活性得到明显改善, 在反应压力为2.0 MPa、 氢烃摩尔比为4: 1、 质量空速为1.0 h-1的条件下, Pt-SZA-M催化剂在反应温度为230℃时活性达到60.8%, 在100 h内异戊烷的收率可稳定在58.0%左右, 选择性在95.0%以上.     

镓掺杂SO2－4／ZrO2的制备及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化性能

 通过沉淀、回流和浸渍法制备了镓掺杂的纳米级固体超强酸SO2－4／Ga2O3／ZrO2，并用X射线衍射、透射电镜、热重、吡啶吸附红外光谱、低温N2－BET及化学分析等技术对SO2－4／Ga2O3／ZrO2的结构、表面性质及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化活性进行了研究．结果表明，掺杂Ga2O3可以抑制制备过程中ZrO2晶粒长大，有利于抑制高温下催化剂由四方相转变为单斜相．与未掺杂的催化剂相比，Ga2O3的掺杂提高了催化剂表面SO2－4的分解温度，有利于催化剂表面形成更多的酸中心．SO2－4／Ga2O3／ZrO2对正丁烷异构化反应显示出优异的催化性能．其中，含3％Ga2O3的样品的活性最高，220℃下其初活性为59．1％；反应1h后，其活性基本保持稳定，稳态转化率大于51％，接近该反应条件下正丁烷的平衡转化率．     

镓掺杂SO4^2—／ZrO2的制备及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化性能

通过沉淀、回流和浸渍法制备了镓掺杂的纳米级固体超强酸SO4^2-／Ga2O3／ZrO2，并用X射线衍射、透射电镜、热重、吡啶吸附红外光谱、低温N2-BET及化学分析等技术对SO4^2-／Ga2O3／ZrO2的结构、表面性质及其对正丁烷异构化反应的催化活性进行了研究．结果表明，掺杂Ga2O3可以抑制制备过程中ZrO2晶粒长大，有利于抑制高温下催化剂由四方相转变为单斜相．与未掺杂的催化剂相比，Ga2O3的掺杂提高了催化剂表面SO4^2-的分解温度，有利于催化剂表面形成更多的酸中心．SO4^2-／Ga2O3／ZrO2对正丁烷异构化反应显示出优异的催化性能．其中，含3％Ga2O3的样品的活性最高，220℃下其初活性为59．1％；反应1h后，其活性基本保持稳定，稳态转化率大于51％，接近该反应条件下正丁烷的平衡转化率．     

4，6—二甲基二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫反应机理的研究I．NiW体系催化剂的催化行为

分别以γ－Al2O3、无定形硅铝和含少量稀土分子筛的γ－Al2O3为载体，制备了不同系列的NiW体系加氢脱硫催化剂，并在连续流动微反装置上评价了催化剂对4，6－二甲基二苯并噻吩（DMDBT）加氢脱硫反应的催化性能。结果表明，NiW体系催化剂对该反应具有较高的芳烃加氢和脱硫活性；先加氢后脱硫是加氢脱硫（HDS）反应的主要途径，提高加氢活性是提高HDS活性最有效的途径；增强载体的酸性，直接脱硫和裂解活性均有所提高。同时，酸性载体负载的催化剂还显示出一定的异构化性能，但其加氢活性低于氧化铝负载的催化剂。酸性载体负载的NiW催化剂的异构化性能在邻二甲苯异构化反应中得到进一步证实。根据实验结果，讨论了NiW体系催化剂上DMDBT转化反应的不同途径。     

贵金属对钴基催化剂上肉桂醛选择加氢反应的影响

 研究了贵金属改性的Co／γ－Al2O3催化剂上的肉桂醛选择加氢反应．结果表明，通过Pt，Pd和Ru贵金属改性，提高了催化剂的活性，但只有Pt改性的催化剂具有较高的选择性．w（Pt）＜0．5％时，催化剂的活性随着Pt含量的增加呈直线升高，当w（Pt）＝0．5％时，催化剂活性可提高近5倍，但催化剂的选择性变化很小．XRD结果表明，催化剂经还原后，γ－Al2O3上的钴主要为α－Co0．TPR结果表明，Pt的加入提高了Co3O4的还原性能，且Pt含量越高，Co3O4的还原温度越低．XPS结果表明，Pt改性的催化剂样品，其Co3O4大部分被还原为Co0．由于Pt与Co具有协同效应，故Pt改性的Co／γ－Al2O3催化剂既具有较高的活性，又具有很高的选择性．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.