FeCl3-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of propargylic acetates with enoxysilanes

An efficient FeCl3-catalyzed substitution reaction of propargylic acetates with enoxysilanes under mild conditions to afford corresponding gamma-alkynyl ketones has been developed. The substitution reaction is followed by a TsOH-catalyzed cyclization without purification of the gamma-alkynyl ketone intermediates, offering a straightforward synthetic route to tri- or tetrasubstituted furans.     

Gold(III)-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols

Gold-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution on propargylic alcohols, with various C-, O-, and S-nucleophiles, is described under very mild conditions (room temperature, dichloromethane) in 0-97% yield.     

Gold(III)-catalyzed direct nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols

Gold-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution of propargylic alcohols with various nucleophiles (allylsilane, electron-rich aromatics, alcohols, thiols, hydrides, 1,3-dicarbonyl derivatives, sulfonamides) is described under very mild conditions (room temperature in dichloromethane). Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest a mechanism through a carbocation intermediate. Nucleophilic substitutions on allylic and benzylic alcohols are also described.     

BiCl3-catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with C-, O-, S- and N-centered nucleophiles

A general and efficient BiCl3-catalyzed substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with carbon and heteroatom-centered nucleophiles such as allyl trimethylsilane, alcohols, aromatic compounds, thiols and amides, leading to the construction of C-C, C-O, C-S and C-N bonds, has been developed.     

Ruthenium-catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with thiols: a general synthetic route to propargylic sulfides

A novel cationic methanethiolate-bridged diruthenium complex [Cp*RuCl(mu2-SMe)2RuCp*(OH2)]OTf (1e) has been disclosed to promote the catalytic propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols bearing not only terminal alkyne group but also internal alkyne group with thiols. It is noteworthy that neutral thiolate-bridged diruthenium complexes (1a-1c), which were known to promote the propargylic substitution reactions of propargylic alcohols bearing a terminal alkyne group with various heteroatom- and carbon-centered nucleophiles, did not work at all. The catalytic reaction described here provides a general and environmentally friendly preparative method for propargylic sulfides, which are quite useful intermediates in organic synthesis, directly from the corresponding propargylic alcohols and thiols.     

Novozym-435-catalyzed enzymatic separation of racemic propargylic alcohols. A facile route to optically active terminal aryl propargylic alcohols

Novozym-435 (a form of Candida antarctica lipase B) was found to be an effective biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution of a variety of racemic terminal aryl propargylic alcohols affording highly optically active (S)-propargylic alcohols and (R)-propargylic alcohol acetates in high yields and good ees. The advantages of this reaction are the easy availability of starting materials and the biocatalyst, simple reaction conditions, easy operation and high stereoselectivity.     

A convenient FeCl3-catalyzed hydroarylation of styrenes

[reaction: see text] 1,1-Diarylalkanes are easily synthesized by CH-functionalization reactions of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes with styrenes in the presence of FeCl(3) as catalyst.     

Ruthenium-catalyzed propargylic substitution reactions of propargylic alcohols with oxygen-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-centered nucleophiles

The scope and limitations of the ruthenium-catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with heteroatom-centered nucleophiles are presented. Oxygen-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-centered nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines, amides, and phosphine oxide are available for this catalytic reaction. Only the thiolate-bridged diruthenium complexes can work as catalysts for this reaction. Results of some stoichiometric and catalytic reactions indicate that the catalytic propargylic substitution reaction proceeds via an allenylidene complex formed in situ, whereby the attack of nucleophiles to the allenylidene C(gamma) atom is a key step. Investigation of the relative rate constants for the reaction of propargylic alcohols with several para-substituted anilines reveals that the attack of anilines on the allenylidene C(gamma) atom is not involved in the rate-determining step and rather the acidity of conjugated anilines of an alkynyl complex, which is formed after the attack of aniline on the C(gamma) atom, is considered to be the most important factor to determine the rate of this catalytic reaction. The key point to promote this catalytic reaction by using the thiolate-bridged diruthenium complexes is considered to be the ease of the ligand exchange step between a vinylidene ligand on the diruthenium complexes and another propargylic alcohol in the catalytic cycle. The reason why only the thiolate-bridged diruthenium complexes promote the ligand exchange step more easily with respect to other monoruthenium complexes in this catalytic reaction should be that one Ru moiety, which is not involved in the allenylidene formation, works as an electron pool or a mobile ligand to another Ru site. The catalytic procedure presented here provides a versatile, direct, and one-step method for propargylic substitution of propargylic alcohols in contrast to the so far well-known stoichiometric and stepwise Nicholas reaction.     

A gold(I)-catalyzed intramolecular reaction of propargylic/homopropargylic alcohols with oxirane

The gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of epoxy alkynes in the presence of a nucleophile is an efficient protocol to provide ketal skeletons with high stereoselectivity. An intramolecular reaction of propargylic/homopropargylic alcohols with oxirane to produce ketal/spiroketals in moderate yields under mild conditions has been reported. Moreover, the mechanism of this kind of reaction has been discussed on the basis of a series of control and (18)O tracer experiments.     

Ga(OTf)3-catalyzed direct substitution of alcohols with sulfur nucleophiles

It is reported that Ga(OTf)(3) catalyzes the direct displacement of alcohols with sulfur nucleophiles. The products are versatile intermediates that can be utilized in carbon-carbon, carbon-sulfur bond formation or used in modified Julia olefination reactions. The only byproduct generated is water.     

A general efficient strategy for cis-3a-aryloctahydroindole alkaloids via stereocontrolled ZnBr(2)-catalyzed rearrangement of 2,3-aziridino alcohols

A short and general approach to the cis-3a-aryloctahydroindole alkaloids has been developed on the basis of a key stereocontrolled ZnBr(2)-catalyzed rearrangement of 2,3-aziridino alcohols. Two representative members, (+/-)-crinane and (+/-)-mesembrine, have been synthesized in 15% and 11% overall yields, respectively. [reaction: see text]     

Copper(I)-catalyzed regioselective propargylic substitution involving Si-B bond activation

The silicon nucleophile generated by copper(I)-catalyzed Si-B bond activation allows several γ-selective propargylic substitutions. The regioselectivity (γ:α ratio) is strongly dependent on the propargylic leaving group. Chloride is superior to oxygen leaving groups in linear substrates (γ:α > 99:1), and it is only the phosphate group that also shows promising regiocontrol (γ:α = 90:10). That leaving group produces superb γ-selectivity (γ:α > 99:1) in α-branched propargylic systems, and enantioenriched substrates react with excellent central-to-axial chirality transfer.     

Reactivity of 3-silyloxy-1,4-enynes: Gold(III)-catalyzed regioselective nucleophilic substitution

Gold-catalyzed reactions of 3-silyloxy-1,4-enynes with alcohols afford primary, secondary, and tertiary pent-2-en-4-ynyl ethers in moderate to excellent yields. The substitution proceeds with high regioselectivity. An initial cyclization providing five-membered carbocycles instead was not observed under the reaction conditions. Control experiments show that these reactions are also catalyzed by Brønsted- and Lewis-acids, although scope and yields are markedly reduced.     

丙炔醇类和丙二烯醇类化合物对映体的气相色谱拆分

使用全甲基-β-环糊精柱(Rt-βDex^TM~cst柱),对5种丙炔醇类和4种丙二烯醇类化合物对映体的气相色谱分离方法进行了研究,结果4种丙炔醇类和4种丙二烯醇类对映体得到分离,分离因子α为1.01～1.04,分离度R一般大于1.5。方法已用于实际不对称合成样品ee值的测定。探讨了对映体在该柱上的拆分机理,认为烷基取代基适当的疏水性和大小是降低非特异性相互作用、形成相对稳定的不对称环糊精包合物,从而成功拆分光学活性异构体的关键。     

Studies on the Cu(I)-catalyzed regioselective anti-carbometallation of secondary terminal propargylic alcohols

A highly regioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed anti-carbometallation of secondary terminal propargylic alcohols with 1 degrees alkyl or aryl Grignard reagents affording 2-substituted allylic alcohols was developed. By using this method, optically active allylic alcohols can be prepared from the optically active propargylic alcohols without obvious loss of the enantiopurity. The cyclic organometallic intermediate formed may undergo an iodination or a Pd(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction to afford stereo-defined allylic alcohols.     

An efficient synthesis of dihydrofuranyl spirooxindoles from isatin-derived propargylic alcohols and 1,3-dicarbonyls

Various dihydrofuranyl spirooxindoles have been synthesized via montmorillonite K-10-catalyzed propargylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with isatin-derived propargylic alcohols and subsequent base-mediated 5-exo-dig cyclization.