第Ⅵ类两态叠加多模叠加态光场的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩

本文根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理,构造了由多模相干态|{Z_j}〉_q与多模虚相干态|{iZ_j}〉_q这两者的线性叠加所组成的第类两态叠加多模叠加态光场|φ^₆(2)〉_q.利用多模压缩态理论,研究了态|φ^₆(2)〉_q的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩特性.结果发现:1)在腔模总数q与压缩阶数N这两者之积取偶数亦即qN=2p的条件下,如果p=2l(l=1,2,3,…,…),则无论各模的初始相位和∑_j=1^qφ_j、态间的初始相位差(θ_pq^(R)-θ_pq^(I))以及各单模相干态光场的平均光子数之和∑_j=1^qR_j²等如何变化,态|φ^₆(2)〉_q总是恒处于等阶N-H最小测不准态.2)在qN=2p的条件下,如果p=2l+1(l=0,1,2,3,…,…),则当∑_j=1^qφ_j、(θ_pq^(R)-θ_q^(I))、∑_j=1^qR_j²、[(θ_pq^(R)-θ_q^(I))-∑_j=1^qR_j²]等分别满足一定的量子条件(或者在一些特定的闭区间内连续取值)时,态|φ^₆(2)〉_q总可呈现出周期性变化的等阶N次方H压缩效应.     

一种新型的两态叠加多模叠加态光场的广义非线性等阶N次方Y压缩

本文根据量子力学中的线性叠加原理,构造了由多模(即q模)相干态的相反态|{-Z_j}〉_q及多模虚相干态的相反态|{-iZ_j}〉_q这两者的线性叠加所组成的一种新型的两态叠加多模叠加态光场|ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q.利用新近建立的多模辐射场的广义非线性等阶高阶压缩理论,研究了态|ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q的广义非线性等阶N次方Y压缩特性.结果发现,1)当压缩阶数N=2P且P=2m(m=1,2,3,…,…)时,态|ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q恒处于N-Y最小测不准态;2)当N=2P且P=2m’+1(m’=0,1,2,…,…)时,如果各模的初始相位φ_j、态间的初始相位差与各单模相干态光场的平均光子数之和∑_j=1^qR_j²即[(θ_pq^(R)-θ_nq^(I))-∑_j=1^qR_j²]满足一定的量子化条件,态|ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q可呈现周期性变化的、任意阶的等阶N次方Y压缩效应;3)当N为奇数时,态|ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q在一定条件下恒处于N-Y测不准态;4)态|ψ_msc⁽²⁾〉_q与文献21中的态|ψ⁽²⁾〉_q出现部分压缩简并现象,从而更进一步表明压缩简并现象的存在是有某种客观内在联系的.     

一种新型的两态叠加MSCS光场的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩

本文利用新近建立的多模压缩态理论,详细研究了一种新型的两态叠加多模薛定谔猫态(即MSCS)光场|ψ⁽²⁾〉_q的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩效应.结果发现:1态|ψ⁽²⁾〉_q是一种典型的非经典光场;当压缩阶数N与腔模总数q这两者之积为偶数,即qN=2p,并且p为奇数亦即p=2m’+1(m’=0,1,2,3,…,…)时,如果各模的初始相位和∑_j=1^qψ_j态间的初始相位差(θ_pq^(I)-θ_nq^(R))、各多模相干态光场的总的平均光子数∑_j=1^qR_j²等满足一定的量子化条件(或者当∑_j=1^qR_j²在总的平均光子数∑_j=1^qR_j²的一系列压缩区内连续取值时),态|ψ(2)〉q总可呈现出周期性变化的、任意阶的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩效应.2态|ψ⁽²⁾〉_q的第一及第二两个正交分量,其压缩结果(亦即压缩程度和压缩深度)完全相同,但压缩条件不同;两者的等阶N次方H压缩效应呈现出周期性的互补关系.3与文献16相比,本文所研究的态|ψ⁽²⁾〉_q的等阶N次方H压缩效应是比其等阶N次方Y压缩效应更高阶的广义非线性等阶高阶压缩效应.     

η、η′和ι的夸克和胶子内容、双光子衰变和J/ψ辐射衰变产生

本文引进q_iq_i→q_jq_j以及q_iq_i→(gg)湮没项^[1],并考虑了对湮没项的SU(3)破坏效应^[2],讨论了η、η′和ι的混合,得到了它们的有声有色和胶子内容.与此同时,引入EPCAC(扩充的部分守恒赝矢流)假设^[3],考察了η、η′和ι的双光子衰变.本文还计算了衰变宽度比R₁=Γ(J/ψ→γη′)/Γ(J/ψ→γη)以及R₂=Γ(J/ψ→γη′)/Γ(J/ψ→γι),指出了实验结果对纯胶子球质量值的限制.     

第Ⅱ种强度不等的非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场的任意奇数阶等阶N次方Y压缩

本文利用多模压缩态理论,研究了第Ⅱ种强度不等的非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q的任意奇数阶等阶N次方Y压缩特性.结果发现:在压缩阶数N=2p+1的条件下,无论p=2m还是p=2m+1(m=0,1,2,3,…,…),只要构成态|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q的两个不同的量子态|{-Z_j^(a)*}>_q与|{-iZ_j^(b)*}>_q的各对应模的强度(即平均光子数)和初始相位都不相等,亦即Rj(a)≠Rj(b)和φj(a)≠φj(b)(j=1,2,3,…,q),并且 R_j^(a)(2p+1)= R_j^(b)(2p+1),则当各对应模的初始相位φ_j^(a)与φ_j^(b)、各对应模的初始相位差(φ_j^(a)-φ_j^(b)),态间的初始相位差(θ_nq^(aR)-θ_nq^(bI))以及光子干涉项的幅度 =R_j^(a)R_j^(b)等分别满足一定的量子化条件时,态|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q的第一及第二这两个正交分量总可分别呈现出周期性变化的、任意奇数阶等阶N次方Y压缩效应.这一结果,与现有报道的结果截然不同.     

第I种非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场的任意不等阶Y压缩

利用多模压缩态理论研究了第种非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场|Ψ_Iab〉_q的任意不等阶N_j次方Y压缩特性.结果发现:对于任意压缩阶数N_j,态|Ψ_Iab〉_q在一定条件下总可呈现出任意不等阶N_j次方Y混合压缩效应,但在某一压缩阶数区域内并不一定呈现压缩效应;压缩阶数N_j满足特定条件(N_mj=4_mj;4_mj+1;4_mj+2;4_mj+3,其中j=1,2,3,…,…q)时的不等阶N_j次方Y压缩效应仅仅是本文的理论结果在N_j在某一特定条件下的特例.     

第Ⅰ种非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场等阶N次方H压缩——1.腔模总数与压缩阶数两者之积取偶的情形

本文利用多模压缩态理论研究了第Ⅰ种非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场|Ψ_Ⅰ^(ab)>_q的广义非线性等阶N次方H压缩特性.结果发现:在腔模总数q与压缩阶数N这两者之积qN为偶数亦即qN=2p的条件下,无论p=2m(m=1,2,3,…,…)还是p=2m+1(m=0,1,2,…,…),当两非对称态中各模的初始相位和 =φ_j^(a)、 =φ_j^(b)、态间的初始相位差(θ_pq^bI-θ_nq^aR),以及各单模相干态光场的光子干涉项之和 =[R_j^(a)R_j^(b)]cos(φ_j^(a)-φ_j^(b))]等满足一定条件时,态|Ψ_Ⅰ^(ab)>_q可分别呈现出周期性变化的奇数模-偶数阶、偶数模-奇数阶和偶数模-偶数阶的等阶N次方H压缩效应.     

多模虚共轭相干态与多模真空态组成的叠加态光场的等阶N次方H压缩

构造了由多模虚共轭相干态|{iZ_j^*}〉_q与多模真空态|{0_j}〉_q两者的线性叠加所组成的两态叠加多模叠加态光场|{Ψ_q⁽²⁾}〉_q.利用多模压缩态理论,首次对该态的等阶N次方H压缩特性进行了详细研究.结果发现:态|{Ψ_q⁽²⁾}〉_q是一种典型的多模非经典光场,它可呈现出周期性变化的、任意阶的等阶N次方H压缩效应.     

第Ⅱ种强度不等的非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场的偶数阶等阶N次方Y压缩

本文构造了由多模复共轭相干态的相反态|{-Z_j^(a)*}>_q与多模虚共轭相干态的相反态|{-iZ_j^(b)*}>_q这两者的线性叠加所组成的第Ⅱ种强度不等的非对称两态叠加多模叠加态光场|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q,利用多模压缩态理论研究了态|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q的任意偶数阶等阶N次方Y压缩特性.结果发现:1)在压缩阶数N取偶数,即N=2p的条件下,无论p=2m(m=1,2,3,…,…),还是p=2m+1(m=0,1,2,3,…,…),只要构成态|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q的两个不同的量子光场态中各对应模的强度(即平均光子数)和初始相位都不相等,亦即R_j^(a)≠R_j^(b)和φ_j^(a)≠φ_j^(b)(j=1,2,3,…,q),并且 ,则当满足一定的量子化条件(或者在一些闭区间内连续取值)时,态|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q总可呈现出周期性变化的、任意偶数阶的等阶N次方Y压缩效应.2)在N=2p且p=2m+1(m=0,1,2,3,…,…)的条件下,若R_j^(a)=R_j^(b)和φ_j^(a)=φ_j^(b)(j=1,2,3,…,q),态|Ψ_Ⅱ^(ab)>_q则可呈现出等阶N次方Y压缩简并现象.     

相场再结晶储能释放模型与显微组织演变的模拟研究

在相场再结晶模型中提出了形式为 f(η_i^k,η_j^k) = E_s (η_i^de )² (1-(η_j^re)²)的冷变形储能项,并应用该模型模拟了 AZ31镁合金的再结晶过程,模拟结果和实验观测结果符合很好.研究表明, 引入储能释放模型可以实现再结晶形核物理过程的模拟; 模拟结果可以把合金在冷变形后退火的过程按照机理分为再结晶和热晶粒 长大两个阶段,模拟得出的理论再结晶时间是实验再结晶时间的2/3. 考察了冷变形应变大小对形变金属的亚晶粒尺寸和储能的影响机理和 试验结果,并将考察结果代入到改进后的再结晶模拟模型, 成功地再现了一个经典实验结果:随预先应变量的增加, 存在临界应变量对应的一个再结晶晶粒尺寸峰值.同时还给出了 这一经典实验结果的理论解释.     

3004铝合金“反常”锯齿屈服现象的研究

在应变速率为5.56×10^-5s^-1—5.56×10^-3s^-1的范围内，在不同温度下(从223K至773K)，对3004铝合金进行系列拉伸试验，探索其锯齿屈服规律；通过激活能的计算、内耗研究、微观组织观察和能谱分析，探讨锯齿屈服的机理与物理本质.结果表明，3004铝合金在形变过程中会出现动态应变时效现象；发现了一种“反常”的锯齿屈服现象：在出现锯齿屈服的温区内，存在锯齿屈服临界应变量转变温度T_t， 关键词： 动态应变时效 锯齿屈服 铝合金 内耗     

Influence of Al3Ni crystallisation origin particles on hot deformation behaviour of aluminium based alloys

Abstract

Binary Al–Ni, Al–Mg and ternary Al–Mg–Ni alloys containing various dispersions and volume fraction of second-phase particles of crystallisation origin were compressed in a temperature range of 200–500 °C and at strain rates of 0.1, 1, 10, 30 s^?1 using the Gleeble 3800 thermomechanical simulator. Verification of axisymmetric compression tests was made by finite-element modelling. Constitutive models of hot deformation were constructed and effective activation energy of hot deformation was determined. It was found that the flow stress is lowered by decreasing the Al₃Ni particle size in case of a low 0.03 volume fraction of particles in binary Al–Ni alloys. Intensive softening at large strains was achieved in the alloy with a 0.1 volume fraction of fine Al₃Ni particles. Microstructure investigations confirmed that softening is a result of the dynamic restoration processes which were accelerated by fine particles. In contrast, the size of the particles had no influence on the flow stress of ternary Al–Mg–Ni alloy due to significant work hardening of the aluminium solid solution. Atoms of Mg in the aluminium solid solution significantly affect the deformation process and lead to the growth of the effective activation energy from 130–150 kJ/mol in the binary Al–Ni alloys to 170–190 kJ/mol in the ternary Al–Mg–Ni alloy.     

Stress effect on the magnetoresistance of amorphous ferromagnets

To investigate the magnetization in amorphous ferromagnetic alloys we measured the change in the magnetoresistance (H⊥j and H 6j) simultaneously applying a tensile stress along the direction of the ribbons. With increasing stress we observed a complete alignment of the magnetic domain vectors M_s parallel andantiparallel (for λ_s > 0) or perpendicular (for λ_s < 0) to the stress axis. It is found that on average a value of σ_s = 10 kg/mm² is sufficient in all measured samples to produce this effect. The change in the magnetoresistance by stress annealing indicates that a preferred domain orientation in stress direction is induced.     

在铝镁合金的疲劳载荷过程中溶质原子与位错的交互作用

本文进行了淬火状态的、含0.52,0.91,3.46和5.15％Mg的铝合金的扭转疲劳试验,测定了相应的ΔE-N曲线和T_m-N曲线。实验结果指出,对于含镁量为0.52,0.91％的试样来说,当表面扭应变较小时,ΔE在起始时,随着应力循环数的增加而下降。当表面扭应变增大时,ΔE-N曲线始而变平,继而上升,直至达到一较高值才稳定下来。当试样中的含镁量为3.46％时,在扭应变不太大时,ΔE-N曲线的变化情况与Al-4％Cu合金的相象,不过当扭应变足够大时,ΔE起始时上升,并且经过一个峯值又下降。当含镁量增至5.15％时,ΔE-N曲线的表现已完全与Al-4％Cu合金的相象,在所用的最高表面扭应变下也并不表现出明显的峯值。对于所用的各种成分的试样来说,最大抗扭矩T_m起始总是上升的。上述结果都可以根据溶质镁原子在疲劳过程中渐渐进入位错,形成气团来解释。可以认为,在铝镁合金的情形,产生ΔE的因素以及影响ΔE的大小的因素,对于疲劳载荷的起始阶段来说,可能都主要是由于气团的作用。当含镁量较低时,对于足够高的表面扭应变来说,气团较为松动,位错能够拖着气团运动,从而需要作功,使ΔE和T_m都上升。但当合镁量较高时,或表面扭应变不太大时,在疲劳一起始就形成了能够对于位错起钉扎作用的足够浓的气团。继续进行疲劳时,进入位错的溶质原子将使位错的动性进一步降低,导致ΔE起始下降,T_m起始上升。此外,还对于经过不同时效处理的Al-0.52％Mg和Al-3.46％Mg合金进行了疲劳试验,观测到应变时效现象,这与上述的溶质原子气团模型相合。     

非晶态超导体的能隙和霍耳系数之间的经验关系

在大量的非过渡金属和合金中,非晶态超导体的能隙2△₀与霍耳系数R_H以及与相应的液态金属霍耳系数R_HL之间存在着一个经验关系:在R_H(或R_HL)=-3.5—-4.0×10^-11m³/AS之间出现一个2△₀最大值。 关键词：     

Nanostructures and deformation mechanisms in a cryogenically ball-milled Al-Mg alloy

An Al-7.6 at.% Mg alloy was ball milled in liquid N₂ for 8 h and its microstructures were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Electron diffraction confirmed that the resulting powder is a supersaturated Al-Mg solid solution with an fcc structure. Three typical nanostructures with different grain-size ranges and shapes were observed and the deformation mechanisms in these structures were found to be different. High densities of dislocations were found in large crystallites, implying that dislocation slip is the dominant deformation mechanism. The dislocations rearranged to form small-angle subboundaries upon further deformation, resulting in the formation of medium-sized crystallites with diameters of 10-30 nm. In very small crystallites with dimensions less than 10 nm, twinning becomes an important deformation mechanism. The reasons for the different deformation mechanisms were discussed. Some defects, such as twin boundaries, and small- and large-angle grain boundaries were investigated in detail.     

Plastic deformation properties of Zr–Nb–Ti–Ta–Hf high-entropy alloys

We have investigated the plastic deformation properties of single-phase Zr–Nb–Ti–Ta–Hf high-entropy alloys from room temperature (RT) up to 300 °C. Uniaxial deformation tests at a constant strain rate of 10^?4?s^?1 were performed, including incremental tests such as stress relaxations, strain-rate changes, and temperature changes in order to determine the thermodynamic activation parameters of the deformation process. The microstructure of deformed samples was characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The strength of the investigated Zr–Nb–Ti–Ta–Hf phase is not as high as the values frequently reported for high-entropy alloys in other systems. At RT we measure a flow stress of about 850 °C. We find an activation enthalpy of about 1 eV and a stress dependent activation volume between 0.5 and 2 nm³. The measurement of the activation parameters at higher temperatures is affected by structural changes evolving in the material during plastic deformation.     

Virial series around non-null density: density dependence of virial coefficients

It is shown that the equation of state of fluid systems can be expanded around non-null densities if the well known virial series is generalized by considering its coefficients as density dependent. This in turn leads to a hierarchy of differential equations that describe the coefficients b_j (ρ). Starting from the already known equation of state for hard bodies in d = 0,1,2,3 dimensions this hierarchy is analysed and the behaviour of both the reducible b_j (ρ) and irreducible β～ _j (ρ) cluster integrals is discussed. New virial coefficients b_j (ρ) have been introduced with a simpler density dependence. Their asymptotic (j → ∞) behaviour is discussed.     

Experimental and computational creep characterization of Al–Mg solid-solution alloy through instrumented indentation

Carefully designed indentation creep experiments and detailed finite-element computations were carried out in order to establish a robust and systematic method to extract creep properties accurately during indentation creep tests. Samples made from an Al–5.3?mol%?Mg solid-solution alloy were tested at temperatures ranging from 573 to 773?K. Finite-element simulations confirmed that, for a power-law creep material, the indentation creep strain field is indeed self-similar in a constant-load indentation creep test, except during short transient periods at the initial loading stage and when there is a deformation mechanism change. Self-similar indentation creep leads to a constitutive equation from which the power-law creep exponent n, the activation energy Q _c for creep, the back or internal stress and so on can be evaluated robustly. The creep stress exponent n was found to change distinctively from 4.8 to 3.2 below a critical stress level, while this critical stress decreases rapidly with increasing temperature. The activation energy for creep in the stress range of n = 3.2 was evaluated to be 123?kJ?mol^?1, close to the activation energy for mutual diffusion of this alloy, 130?kJ?mol^?1. Experimental results suggest that, within the n = 3.2 regime, the creep is rate controlled by viscous glide of dislocations which drag solute atmosphere and the back or internal stress is proportional to the average applied stress. These results are in good agreement with those obtained from conventional uniaxial creep tests in the dislocation creep regime. It is thus confirmed that indentation creep tests of Al–5.3?mol%?Mg solid-solution alloy at temperatures ranging from 573 to 773?K can be effectively used to extract material parameters equivalent to those obtained from conventional uniaxial creep tests in the dislocation creep regime.     

Deformation behavior of Zr-based bulk metallic glass and composite in the supercooled liquid region

A Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) with a composition of (Zr₇₅Cu₂₅)_78.5Ta₄Ni₁₀Al_7.5 and a bulk metallic glass matrix composite (BMGC) with a composition of (Zr₇₅Cu₂₅)_74.5Ta₈Ni₁₀Al_7.5 have been prepared by copper-mold casting. The compressive deformation behavior of the BMG and BMGC was investigated in the supercooled region at different temperatures and various strain rates ranging from 8×10⁻⁴ s⁻¹ to 8×10⁻² s⁻¹. It was found that both the strain rate and test temperature significantly affect the deformation behavior of the two alloys. The deformation follows Newtonian flow at low strain rates but non-Newtonian flow at high strain rates. The deformation mechanism for the two kinds of alloys was discussed in terms of the transition state theory. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 50471060 and 50635020)