基于SR-WAXS技术的竹材纤维素晶胞模型研究

竹材中纤维素聚集态结构的不同,将直接影响到竹纤维复合材料性能,对于竹材纤维素晶胞单元的认识主要基于Meyer-Misch模型,由于天然纤维素的同质异构体,在每种植物中存在比例不同,所以竹材中纤维素应有其特有的晶胞模型。以毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis (carriere) J. Houz)为研究对象,通过同步辐射广角X射线散射技术对毛竹纤维素晶胞模型进行研究,利用单斜晶系晶面间距公式与毛竹纤维素衍射峰,精确计算晶胞模型。结果显示,若以b轴为纤维轴的单斜晶系纤维素单元,则晶胞参数为：a=8.35 ,b=10.38 ,c=8.02 ,β=84.99°,该晶胞包含四个葡萄糖基,由两条反向平行分子链构成。研究结果可为开发制作高性能竹纤维复合材料等高附加值应用提供理论依据。     

Three-Dimensional Multi-mesh Material Point Method for Solving Collision Problems

A new multi-mesh contact algorithm for three-dimensional material point method is presented. The contact algorithm faithfully recovers the opposite acting forces between colliding bodies. Collision procedures between regular bodies and/or rigid bodies are treated within the same framework. Multi-value of momentum and mass are defined on every node to describe the contact/sliding/separation procedure. Both normal and tangential velocities of each particle at the contact surface are calculated in respective individual mesh. A Coulomb friction is applied to describe the sliding or slipping between the contacting bodies. The efficiency of the contact algorithm is linearly related to the number of the contacting bodies because the overlapped nodes are labeled by sweeping the material particles of all bodies when the nodal momentum and mass are formed at every time step. Numerical simulation shows that our contact algorithm possesses high accuracy and low numerical energy dissipation, which is very important for solving collision problems.     

Method for Solving Physical Problems Described by Linear Differential Equations

Russian Physics Journal - A method for solving physical problems is suggested in which the general solution of a differential equation in partial derivatives is written in the form of decomposition...     

基于暗通道先验的单幅图像快速去雾方法

为了提高雾天图像的去雾效果,针对暗通道先验法则中存在的不足,提出一种单幅图像快速去雾方法.该方法以暗通道先验法则为基础,采用四叉树搜索算法对大气光值进行估计,并通过白平衡对大气散射模型进行简化.然后,利用暗通道先验知识得到介质传输率粗略估计,并通过引导滤波和双阈值判断方法对介质传输率中边缘和天空区域进行优化.最后,通过简化大气散射模型和色调调整得到去雾图像.与几种典型的图像去雾方法相比,该方法运算速度较快,能有效提高去雾图像的清新度,并获得较好的图像颜色.     

基于验前试验信息熵的测试性验证试验方案

产品在研制阶段存在大量的试验数据,为有效利用验前数据,降低测试性验证试验样本量,提出一种基于验前试验信息熵的测试性验证试验方案。该方案利用信息熵来度量研制阶段多次验前试验数据对测试性验证试验所起的作用,依据平均互信息熵和信息总量相等的原则,将多次验前试验数据等效成一次成败型数据。在此基础上,通过相容性检验方法确定验前数据与试验数据的相容性水平,并以Beta分布为验前分布,利用加权混合贝叶斯理论建立混合验后分布,之后,基于贝叶斯平均风险理论求解满足双方风险要求的试验方案。最后,以某型雷达发射分机为例,对其进行测试性验证试验研究,研究结果验证了该方案的有效性。     

应用压缩传感求解宽角度电磁散射问题

基于矩量法中阻抗矩阵与电磁波入射方向的无关性,引入压缩传感技术,构建一种全新的含有丰富角度信息的入射源.在该入射源照射下利用矩量法获得感应电流的测度,在数次测度之后,通过快速正交匹配追踪算法可恢复各个角度入射下的激励电流.与传统的矩量法相比,计算结果保持很高的精度,且计算时间减少为原来的三分之一,从而降低了宽角度电磁响应分析的计算复杂度.     

基于加权暗通道的图像去雾方法

传统基于暗通道图像去雾中仅考虑初始透射图对于透射图优化的影响,而未充分考虑深度信息对于透射图优化贡献不同的特点,造成去雾结果在深度不连续处出现"晕"且离视点较远区域的去雾效果有明显下降.针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于边缘特征的加权暗通道先验去雾算法.该方法根据边缘特征的位置估计深度信息的连续性,将边缘点及非边缘点赋予不同权值,对加权透射图优化求解.仿真实验表明,新的去雾算法在恢复图像细节的基础上能够有效抑制"晕"的产生,证实了本文方法的可行性和有效性.     

基于加权暗通道的图像去雾方法

传统基于暗通道图像去雾中仅考虑初始透射图对于透射图优化的影响,而未充分考虑深度信息对于透射图优化贡献不同的特点,造成去雾结果在深度不连续处出现"晕"且离视点较远区域的去雾效果有明显下降.针对上述问题,本文提出一种基于边缘特征的加权暗通道先验去雾算法.该方法根据边缘特征的位置估计深度信息的连续性,将边缘点及非边缘点赋予不同权值,对加权透射图优化求解.仿真实验表明,新的去雾算法在恢复图像细节的基础上能够有效抑制"晕"的产生,证实了本文方法的可行性和有效性.     

多目标探测的摆镜动态角位置测量方法

为进一步提高CCD图像测角的摆角测量精度,提出一种基于多目标探测的摆镜动态角度测量方法。该方法采用多条等宽的平行狭缝作为CCD探测目标,首先利用灰度质心算法得到各狭缝的质心位置,进而将各狭缝的质心位置进行平均运算,得到摆镜的动态角位置。模型表明当使用m条等宽狭缝目标进行测量时,其动态测量误差方差为单目标方法的1／m。实验结果证明,该方法可以有效地提高摆镜动态角位置测量精度。     

基于光学记忆效应的多光谱散射成像方法

光在透过散射介质后发生散射现象,在成像系统焦平面形成无序的随机散斑图像,因此人们无法直接观测到隐藏在散射介质后的目标的图像信息与光谱信息。利用基于光学记忆效应的散斑相关成像技术,可以实现透过散射介质的目标重建,但当前研究主要针对单波段照明条件下的图像信息恢复,而目标的光谱信息在成像过程中易丢失。提出采用快照式微滤光片阵列多光谱探测器进行多光谱散射成像的方案,通过实验得到宽谱氙灯光源照明条件下的穿透散射介质成像结果。提出了基于光学记忆效应的穿透散射介质目标多光谱信息重构方法,实现了对隐藏在散射介质之后的目标多光谱信息的探测成像。针对多光谱探测器所造成的成像质量差的问题,提出了利用自相关预处理方法提升穿透散射介质多光谱成像质量的方法。     

Mie散射激光雷达回波信号小波去噪方法

针对强背景光下,Mie散射激光雷达回波信号所含噪声的特点,提出小波滤波消噪方法.该方法通过小波变换分离出背景光的直流部分,并利用小波软阈值消除来自背景光的白噪声和探测系统的电噪声.为了验证该方法的有效性,提取并反演了Mie散射激光雷达系统实际探测得到的大气回波信号.反演结果显示有效探测距离从2.5km提高到5km,表明该方法能够在白天背景下有效降低Mie散射激光雷达回波信号中的电噪声和背景光的噪声污染.     

A Hybrid Method of Solving the Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problem in Lossy Medium

A hybrid method of solving the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem in a lossy medium is proposed. The gradient search method is first used to determine the spatial distribution of the target, then the Monte Carlo method is selected to calculate the conductivity and permittivity of the scatterer. The results of numerical experiments verify that the hybrid method of combining the two ways is high-precision, efficient, and suited to global optimization.     

Method for Solving Nonstationary Electrodynamic Problems in Dielectric Media with Time Dispersion

Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics - We consider three-dimensional singular integral equations with time delay that describe three-dimensional problems of interaction of a nonstationary...     

Estimating the Individual Treatment Effect on Survival Time Based on Prior Knowledge and Counterfactual Prediction

The estimation of the Individual Treatment Effect (ITE) on survival time is an important research topic in clinics-based causal inference. Various representation learning methods have been proposed to deal with its three key problems, i.e., reducing selection bias, handling censored survival data, and avoiding balancing non-confounders. However, none of them consider all three problems in a single method. In this study, by combining the Counterfactual Survival Analysis (CSA) model and Dragonnet from the literature, we first propose a CSA–Dragonnet to deal with the three problems simultaneously. Moreover, we found that conclusions from traditional Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) or Retrospective Cohort Studies (RCSs) can offer valuable bound information to the counterfactual learning of ITE, which has never been used by existing ITE estimation methods. Hence, we further propose a CSA–Dragonnet with Embedded Prior Knowledge (CDNEPK) by formulating a unified expression of the prior knowledge given by RCTs or RCSs, inserting counterfactual prediction nets into CSA–Dragonnet and defining loss items based on the bounds for the ITE extracted from prior knowledge. Semi-synthetic data experiments showed that CDNEPK has superior performance. Real-world experiments indicated that CDNEPK can offer meaningful treatment advice.     

用基于厚度估计的卷积算法校正X线图像散射的方法

在数字X线摄影中,散射-眩光造成了图像对比度的下降,为了提高数字X线图像的质量,本方法使用曝光参数和图像灰阶值对图像中的每个像素确定等价的有机玻璃厚度,然后在像素-像素的基础上使用厚度信息估计散射-眩光强度。这里我们把60kV和80kV两种参考状态进行线性组合求校正系数,避免了片面性。为了测试本方法估计散射-眩光强度的能力,把它应用在对志愿者胸部所拍摄的图像中,并获得了一定的结果。本方法为解决数字X线图像中的散射校正问题提供了一种有效的手段。     

A Boundary Meshless Method for Solving Heat Transfer Problems Using the Fourier Transform

Fourier transform is applied to remove the time-dependent variable in the diffusion equation. Under non-harmonic initial conditions this gives rise to a non-homogeneous Helmholtz equation, which is solved by the method of fundamental solutions and the method of particular solutions. The particular solution of Helmholtz equation is available as shown in [4, 15]. The approximate solution in frequency domain is then inverted numerically using the inverse Fourier transform algorithm. Complex frequencies are used in order to avoid aliasing phenomena and to allow the computation of the static response. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for solving 2-D diffusion equations.     

基于SiPM和TCMPC的时间分辨拉曼散射测量技术研究

报道了一种基于硅光电信增管(SiPM)的时间相关多光子计数(TCMPC)技术并将其应用于时间分辨拉曼散射测量。相比于常规基于光电倍增管(PMT)或单光子雪崩二极管(SPAD)的时间相关单光子(TCSPC)技术,由于SiPM可以分辨信号脉冲的具体光子数,基于SiPM的TCMPC技术消除了信号脉冲包含的光子数必须小于等于1的限制,光子计数效率提高了10倍以上,大大节省了测量时间。此外,多光子测量比单光子测量能够得到更好的时间分辨率,时间分辨拉曼散射系统的仪器响应函数(IRF)从单光子81.4 ps缩短至双光子59.7 ps,因而可以用更窄的时间门限抑制荧光本底等噪声对拉曼散射测量的影响。使用TCMPC技术测量CCl₄在0.5和1.5 p.e.两个不同光子数阈值的拉曼峰的峰本比,后者较高的光子数阈值能进一步降低SiPM暗计数噪声的影响,增加了拉曼信号测量的信噪比,测量得到的CCl₄ 459 cm-1拉曼峰的峰本比是前者的6.4倍。将所述新的拉曼散射测量技术与基于PMT和锁相放大器(LIA)的传统拉曼散射测量技术进行了比较研究,前者由于可以使用仅有数十皮秒的测量门限,可以有效抑制荧光、环境杂散光和SiPM暗计数等噪声的影响,所得光谱具有更好的峰本比,测得CCl₄的459 cm-1拉曼峰和Si的一阶拉曼峰的峰本比分别是后者的3.9倍和5.5倍。     

有耗半空间上方导体目标电磁散射的多层快速多极子算法

提出基于高阶拟合的多层快速多极子算法,用于分析有耗半空间上方导体目标的电磁散射.采用高阶拟合方法将远区相互作用单元的半空间空域格林函数用级数表示,对高阶拟合项作加法定理展开,进而应用多层快速多极子算法.该方法具有分组小,内存需求低,易于实现的优点.用数值算例验证其正确性与有效性.     

A Noteworthy Trap in Using the EDC Method for Solving Dielectric Waveguide Problems

EDC method is probably the simplest method to obtain a good approximation for the propagation constant of a dielectric waveguide. It is well know that there are two ways to perform the EDC procedure: one is to treat the LSE mode first then the LSM mode and the other is just reverse. It is true that the difference between the results got from the two ways is usually rather small and thus both of them are good approximations. In this paper, we show that in some cases the two ways will lead to much different results; one is still a good approximation while the other is completely unacceptable. The theoretical analysis tells us that if performing the LSM mode first then with the LSE mode will usually get a good result.     

基于三光谱带的大气散射效应校正方法

大气散射效应作为CO₂反演的主要误差源,严重影响了全球大气CO₂卫星产品的应用研究。气溶胶作用以及气溶胶与地表综合作用是大气散射的重要来源。基于O₂-A,CO₂ 1.6和2.06 μm三个光谱带中的强、弱吸收峰和连续谱,从大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率的角度,分析三光谱带具有的相关信息,提出改进的全物理反演方法,对相关性很强的气溶胶光学厚度和地表反照率这两个散射相关参数进行同步反演,实现大气CO₂反演中的散射效应校正。模拟计算气溶胶影响、气溶胶和地表反照率两者综合影响导致的CO₂反演误差,并进行校正,极端情况下导致的8% CO₂反演误差可校正到1% 内,气溶胶类型差异导致最高达10%的散射影响可校正到2%内,显示了方法的有效性,同时通过对校正效果的评估,表明该方法应用于卫星数据高精度反演的潜力,也指出了实际应用时需要关注的问题。