三维光滑粒子流体动力学并行计算程序

介绍了基于消息传递并行程序设计平台研制的三维光滑粒子流体动力学并行程序CSPH3D.包括计算格式、并行方案、并行程序逻辑,以及加快邻域粒子搜索的处理方法.对三维微喷射和斜侵彻的计算表明:CSPH3D程序可以较好地计算这类问题.并且程序具有较高的并行效率.对于粒子总数为1527402的微喷射算例和粒子总数为1454225的斜侵彻算例,使用100个处理器时,并行效率可以达到80%.     

三维电磁粒子模拟并行计算的研究

三维电磁粒子模拟基于时域有限差分算法（FDTD）和PIC（particle-in-cell）方法.根据FDTD和PIC方法的特点,可以将整个模拟区域分割为多个子区域,每个计算进程模拟计算一个子区域,通过消息传递交换子区域的边界数据从而实现并行计算这一基本思路,完成了并行算法的设计,并分析了并行加速比的影响因素.在三维电磁粒子模拟软件CHIPIC3D上实现了该并行算法并验证了算法的正确性,最后应用CHIPIC3D并行版本对磁绝缘线振荡器和相对论速调管两种典型的高功率微波源器件进行了模拟,证明了该并行算法能取 关键词： 电磁粒子模拟 时域有限差分 并行计算 高功率微波源     

基于OpenMP的3维粒子模拟并行计算

基于OpenMP标准分别设计了粒子模拟方法中电磁场计算、粒子运动求解、电荷密度和电流密度更新的并行计算实现算法。在多核计算机上对所设计并行算法进行了性能测试和分析,根据分析结果在3维并行粒子模拟软件CHIPIC3D上实现了基于OpenMP的并行计算功能,并应用其对一种扩展互作用振荡器进行了基于OpenMP的并行模拟和基于OpenMP/MPI混合模式的并行模拟。模拟结果表明并行算法正确并能取得较高的加速比。     

基于JASMIN三维势场快速多极子算法的并行实现

在JASMIN上,基于进程/线程两级并行实现策略,研制三维Laplace核函数FMM(fast multipole method)的解法器模块"JASMIN-3DLapFMM".该解法器已成功应用于三维静电场远场势的并行计算.固定单机问题规模,在上万个处理器核上运行百亿粒子的大规模问题,获得进程级几乎线性的并行可扩展性.固定总的问题规模和1024个进程,4个线程时,获得大约3倍的加速.     

三维声传播模型BELLHOP3D的信息传递接口并行优化

近些年,我国对海洋不断深入的探索对复杂环境中声场的快速预报提出了越来越高的需求。BELLHOP3D是一种基于射线法的三维声传播计算模型,在海洋声学中应用十分广泛。BELLHOP3D的计算效率比其他常用模型高,但是仍然有非常大的提升空间。该文使用信息传递接口对BELLHOP3D进行粗粒度的并行优化,并行后的程序计算结果稳定可靠,并行效率高,更适合在实际应用中实现快速的声场预报。并行BELLHOP3D程序可以在https://github.com/nj-zyq/BELLHOP3D＿MPI.git下载。     

2(1/2)维等离子体粒子模拟分布式并行程序设计

设计了两种粒子模拟的并行算法,并对其进行了比较,基于消息传递环境开发2(1/2)维粒子模拟并行程序,测试并分析了并行性能.粒子模拟算法中,给出了一个初始化粒子三维Maxwell速度分布的算法,并对常用的电磁场的Lindman吸收边界作了推广.最后对激光钻孔问题作了粒子模拟计算,验证了该并行程序.     

基于JASMIN框架的辐射流体与粒子输运耦合计算

基于JASMIN框架的"联邦计算",将两个串行程序辐射流体RH2D与粒子输运Sn2D作为独立"邦元"耦合连接,形成的集成程序RHSn2D可以采用数千处理器并行模拟多物理耦合问题.集成程序RHSn2D中的邦元具有各自独立的网格划分与并行算法,同时借助框架技术,可以屏蔽邦元间的并行数据传递.算例表明,对于应用问题规模(90 720个网格单元,辐射流体100个Patch,粒子输运2 835个Patch,Sn方向48,16群),集成程序RHSn2D采用1 024个处理器可以达到36%的并行效率.     

基于JASMIN框架多物理耦合程序的性能优化及分析

基于并行应用支撑软件框架JASMIN的辐射流体与粒子输运耦合程序RHSn2D,采用最小邦元固定处理器数目的并行策略,计算实际模型的并行规模扩展至8192核,并行效率约为16%.集成程序时间分析,验证软件框架底层MPI并行环境聚合通信对于并行优化算法(尤其是辐射流体计算时间)的影响.     

三维多物质弹塑性流体动力学Euler方法的并行算法研究及程序测试

 并行计算是解决爆炸与冲击问题大规模数值模拟最有效的手段之一。针对Euler方法并行程序设计的复杂性,阐述了三维多物质弹塑性流体动力学程序MMIC-3D并行设计的总体策略,基于消息传递接口(MPI)设计出相应的PMMIC-3D并行程序,并提出了一套实用的程序测试方案。结合聚能射流形成过程的数值模拟算例,在八节点的集群上测试了加速比、并行效率及可扩放性,分析了影响并行性能的因素。     

基于修正并行光滑粒子动力学方法三维变系数瞬态热传导问题的模拟

为了解决传统光滑粒子动力学(SPH)方法求解三维变系数瞬态热传导方程时出现的精度低、稳定性差和计算效率低的问题,本文首先基于Taylor展开思想拓展一阶对称SPH方法到三维热传导问题的模拟,其次引入稳定化处理的迎风思想,最后基于相邻粒子标记和MPI并行技术,结合边界处理方法得到一种能够准确、高效地求解三维变系数瞬态热传导问题的修正并行SPH方法.通过对带有Direclet和Newmann边界条件的常/变系数三维热传导方程进行模拟,并与解析解进行对比,对提出的方法的精度、收敛性及计算效率进行了分析;随后,运用提出的修正并行SPH方法对三维功能梯度材料中温度变化进行了模拟预测,并与其他数值结果做对比,准确地展现了功能梯度材料中温度变化过程.     

环形装置中三维MHD平衡与稳定性的计算机模拟

一、引 言 在聚变研究中,环形等离子体的磁约束起着重要作用。目前托卡马克研究的进展令人鼓舞,其理论与实验比较符合,定标关系清楚。但是无论从聚变的最终目标来看,还是从实验的安排考虑,完全轴对称的几何形状给各方面部带来许多不便。人们希望知道如果把环形几何中加进直线段,或者把圆环改成不具有对称性的环形,会对等离子体约束产生何种影响?     

Effect of shear equilibrium flow in Tokamak plasma on resistive wall modes

A code named LARWM with non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations in cylindrical model is used to describe the instability in Tokamak plasma surrounded by a conducting wall with finite resistivity. We mainly take three factors related to the shear equilibrium plasma flow into consideration to study the stabilizing effect of the shear flow on the resistive wall modes (RWMs). The three factors are the velocity amplitude of flow, the shear rate of flow on plasma surface, and the inertial energy of equilibrium plasma flow. In addition, a local shear plasma flow is also calculated by the LARWM code. Consequently, it is found that the inertial energy of the shear equilibrium plasma flow has an important role in the stabilization of the RWMs.     

Simulations of grazing-incidence pumped Ni-like Sn X-ray laser at 11.9 nm

Grazing-incidence pumped Ni-like Sn X-ray laser media at 11.9 nm (4d-4p, J = 0-1) is modelled using code EHYBRID and a post-processor code. The required atomic data are obtained using the Cowan code. In this study the pre-formed plasma is pumped on longitudinal direction with a grazing angle. Detailed simulations were performed to optimize the driving laser configurations. Relatively high gain is produced for the Ni-like Sn X-ray laser at 11.9 nm with long pre-pulse and short main pulse drive energy of only 100 mJ on 4 mm slab targets. Using low intensity pre-pulse prior to long pulse decreases the electron density gradient. X-ray resonance lines between 13 and 25 Å emitted from tin plasma have been simulated using post-processor coupled with EHYBRID. The ratio of these resonance lines can be used to measure electron temperature of the laser produced Sn plasma.     

New bipartition model of neutral particle transport in the HL-2A divertor region

A new bipartition neutral transport model has been developed for simulation of the hydrogenic neutral particle transport in the vicinity of HL-2A divertor target plate. The numerical calculation results on the basis of this model are fairly consistent with the results obtained with the “multi-generation method”. One possible application of this model is to provide a source term originating from neutral transport calculation for any other edge plasma transport code, for instance, B-2 code, which has been used to simulate edge plasma transport of the HL-2A divertor configuration. Especially it can be utilized to quickly classify the plasma in divertor region as high or low recycling regime.     

Three-dimensional modelling of inductively coupled plasma torches

A three-dimensional model has been developed for simulating the behaviour of inductively coupled plasma torches (ICPTs), using customized CFD commercial code FLUENT ^?. The helicoidal coil is taken into account in its actual 3-D shape, showing the effects of its non-axisymmetry on the plasma discharge. Steady state, continuity, momentum and energy equations are solved for argon optically thin plasmas under the assumptions of LTE and laminar flow. The electromagnetic field is obtained by solving the 3-D vector potential equation on a grid extending outside the torch region. In order to evaluate the importance of various 3-D effects on calculated plasma temperature and flow fields, comparisons of our new results with the ones obtainable from conventional 2-D models and from an improved 2-D model that includes 3-D coil effects are presented. The presence of wall temperature hot spots due to plasma discharge displacement from the torch axis is evidenced, while the use of the new 3-D code for optimization of induction coil geometry and plasma gas inlet features is foreseen. Received 5 September 2002 Published online 13 December 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: colombo@ciram.ing.unibo.it     

毛细管放电复合X光激光机制的理论研究

 以毛细管放电泵浦产生的C等离子体中,复合机制产生类H-C离子3d_5/2-2p_3/2跃迁激光线为例,研究毛细管放电复合X光激光中的物理机制。提出在C气中掺入适量的惰气来抑制等离子体被压得过细以至密度过高;在设计实验方案时 ,应该使等离子体在电流峰值之后进入膨胀冷却阶段;还要适当降低毛细管中等离子体初始 密度以增大毛细管半径,使工艺上更容易实现。     

铝丝阵列Z箍缩的辐射磁流体动力学过程

 在拉格朗日坐标系下，建立了描述Z箍缩等离子体内爆动力学过程的一维三温辐射磁流体力学方程组，并编制了相应的拉氏程序。利用该程序对美国Sandia实验室Saturn装置上的铝丝阵列内爆实验进行了数值模拟，得到了内爆等离子体各参量的时空分布。其中内爆到心时刻、X光峰值功率、X光总能量等计算结果与实验结果基本一致。表明所建立的物理模型和编制的程序是合理和可靠的。     

Study of Globus-M Tokamak Poloidal System and Plasma Position Control

In order to provide efficient performance of tokamaks with vertically elongated plasma position, control systems for limited and diverted plasma configuration are required. The accuracy, stability, speed of response, and reliability of plasma position control as well as plasma shape and current control depend on the performance of the control system. Therefore, the problem of the development of such systems is an important and actual task in modern tokamaks. In this study, the measured signals from the magnetic loops and Rogowski coils are used to reconstruct the plasma equilibrium, for which linear models in small deviations are constructed. We apply methods of the H∞-optimization theory to the synthesize control system for vertical and horizontal position of plasma capable to working with structural uncertainty of the models of the plant. These systems are applied to the plasma-physical DINA code which is configured for the tokamak Globus-M plasma. The testing of the developed systems applied to the DINA code with Heaviside step functions have revealed the complex dynamics of plasma magnetic configurations. Being close to the bifurcation point in the parameter space of unstable plasma has made it possible to detect an abrupt change in the X-point position from the top to the bottom and vice versa. Development of the methods for reconstruction of plasma magnetic configurations and experience in designing plasma control systems with feedback for tokamaks provided an opportunity to synthesize new digital controllers for plasma vertical and horizontal position stabilization. It also allowed us to test the synthesized digital controllers in the closed loop of the control system with the DINA code as a nonlinear model of plasma.     

激光线聚焦驱动平面银靶的二维数值模拟

介绍新研制的二维非平衡辐射流体力学程序XRL2D的物理方程以及计算方法,并对神光Ⅱ上典型的类镍银X光激光实验条件,用3种ALE计算方法模拟了预主脉冲线聚焦驱动银平面靶的流体运动.几种方法模拟给出的物理图像清晰且相似,类镍离子丰度分布呈弯月形,同实验上XRL场图呈弯月形分布一致.对3种计算方法给出的结果进行了细致的比较分析.     

A Kinetic Code System to Study Impurity Deposition and Fuel Retention in Gaps Between Divertor Tiles

For the purpose of investigating impurity deposition and fuel retention in gaps between divertor tiles, we combine a three‐dimensional Monte Carlo impurity transport code ITCD with a Particle‐In‐Cell Monte Carlo collision code plus a plasma‐surface interaction (PSI) code. The simulation results show that a potential hill formed near the entrance of the gap can prevent the ionized eroded carbon species from entering the gap. It is found that carbon sources for the co‐deposition in gaps are mainly located at the plasma‐closest edges of the gap, and this finding indicates that special measures associated with the engineering issues should be taken to minimize fuel retention in gaps. The smaller scale of carbon sources inside the gap and the existence of the potential hill near the entrance of the gap are the reasons why the eroded carbon species spatial density is lower inside the gap than outside the gap. Through the study on several scenarios with different substrate and plasma temperatures, the simulation with the combined code can deepen the understanding of fuel retention in the codeposited layers in gaps (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)