正交偏振双色激光场作用下生成的孤立阿秒脉冲

我们理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下的高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.当y方向加一束中红外激光脉冲(12.5 fs/2000 nm),x方向加一束强度较弱的激光脉冲(12 fs/800 nm)时,我们得到从250 eV到350 eV的超连续谐波平台,在平台范围内叠加50 eV的谐波,可以得到一个脉宽约为97as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 通过时频分析,我们解释了高次谐波发射的物理机制.     

紧聚焦激光束作用于电子实现单个阿秒脉冲输出

研究了电子在聚焦的圆偏振高斯激光束中的非线性汤姆孙散射过程，在此基础上提出了实现单个阿秒脉冲输出的新机理.通过计算机模拟，发现利用紧聚焦的激光脉冲可以有效地增大辐射脉冲链的最高峰和次高峰的峰值强度比即信噪比，从而将阿秒脉冲链变为单个阿秒脉冲输出.紧聚焦情形下，随着驱动激光强度的增大，辐射信号的脉宽变短，信噪比变大；同时当减小激光束腰半径时，辐射信号信噪比也能得到有效改善.研究还发现，利用几个光周期的极短激光脉冲与电子的相互作用也能实现单个阿秒脉冲输出. 关键词： 阿秒脉冲 紧聚焦 信噪比     

Single attosecond pulse generation from asymmetric molecules with a multicycle laser pulse

A new scheme for single attosecond pulse generation from asymmetric molecules with a multicycle laser pulse is proposed. It is shown that both even and odd harmonics are generated from the asymmetric molecules, and the attosecond pulses are produced every full cycle of the driving laser field rather than each half-cycle. By filtering the harmonics in the cutoff of the spectrum, a single attosecond pulse can be obtained with a multicycle laser pulse with a duration of 2 times longer than the few-cycle pulse conventionally used.     

附加谐波脉冲生成强的39阿秒孤立脉冲

采用多周期800 nm激光组合它的27次谐波脉冲生成超短、宽频的孤立阿秒脉冲.研究表明,脉宽为1 fs的27次谐波脉冲可以有效地控制电子动力学过程.将其加入到单色激光场的特定时域,可以控制电离概率在半个光学周期内迅速提升,使得谐波的转化效率相对于单色场情形增强4个数量级,并实现单一的短量子路径选择,出现频宽为108 eV的超连续辐射谱,叠加该连续谱140次到210次谐波获得了脉宽为39as的强、短孤立脉冲.与文献[7]中采用5 fs/800 nm激光附加紫外阿秒脉冲的方法相比,该方案生成的连续谱频带增宽一 关键词： 组合激光脉冲 连续辐射谱 阿秒脉冲     

Isolated attosecond pulses using a detuned second-harmonic field

Calculations are presented for the generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in a multicycle two-color strong-field regime. We show that the recollision of the electron wave packet can be confined to half an optical cycle using pulses of up to 40 fs in duration. The scheme is proven to be efficient using two intense beams, one producing a strong field at omega and the other a strong field detuned from 2omega. The slight detuning deltaomega of the second harmonic is used to break the symmetry of the electric field over many optical cycles and provides a coherent control for the formation of an isolated attosecond pulse.     

Optimization of attosecond pulse generation

The generation of attosecond pulses by superposition of high harmonics relies on their synchronization in the emission. Our experiments in the low-order, plateau, and cutoff regions of the spectrum reveal different regimes in the electron dynamics determining the synchronization quality. The shortest pulses are obtained by combining a spectral filtering of harmonics from the end of the plateau and the cutoff, and a far-field spatial filtering that selects a single electron quantum path contribution to the emission. This method applies to isolated pulses as well as pulse trains.     

Single attosecond pulse generation with intense mid-infrared elliptically polarized laser pulses

We have studied theoretically high-harmonic-order and single attosecond pulse generation with elliptically polarized laser pulses at wavelengths ranging from the visible to the mid-infrared. Results of ab initio simulations of the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation show that the ellipticity dependence of the high-harmonic signal intensifies with increasing wavelength of the driving pulse and saturates in the mid-infrared. The isolation of single attosecond pulses using the polarization gating method in the mid-infrared is due to an effective suppression of side pulses as compared with an operation at Ti:sapphire wavelengths.     

Isolated attosecond pulse generation from atom radiated by a three-color laser pulse

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic and attosecond pulse generation from helium atom in a three-color laser field, which is synthesized by 10 fs/800 nm Ti-sapphire laser and a two-color field consisting of 30 fs/532 nm and30 fs/1330 nm pulses. Compared with harmonic spectrum generated by a monochromatic field, the harmonics generated from the synthesized three-color field show a supercontinuum spectrum with a bandwidth of 235 eV, ranging from the 154 th to the 306 th order harmonic. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that the ionization of atoms as well as motion of ionized electron can be effectively controlled in the three-color field. Therefore, an isolated 46-as pulse can be generated by superposing supercontinuum from the 160 th to the 210 th order harmonics.     

采用组合脉冲驱动生成单一的X射线阿秒脉冲

采用组合激光脉冲(800 nm/9.4 fs 24 nm/1 fs)辐照联合两原子体系产生高次谐波,获得了单一的X-射线阿秒脉冲.我们发现,当固定钛宝石激光的峰值强度并改变高频谐波脉冲的峰值强度Ih时,存在一个优选的Ih范围,在该范围内相应的阿秒脉冲最优化,即强度达到最强,对此,本文从受激复合的角度给出了合理解释.     

利用三色组合脉冲激光获得孤立阿秒脉冲发射

孤立阿秒脉冲因可以跟踪和控制原子及分子内电子的运动过程而备受关注.本文从理论上开展了氦原子在3束飞秒脉冲激光组合场辐照下产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲辐射的研究.组合激光场由16 fs/1600 nm,15 fs/1100 nm和5.3 fs/800 nm的钛宝石脉冲构成.与前两束脉冲合成的双色场产生谐波谱相比,附加钛宝石脉冲的三色场产生的高次谐波发射谱呈现出高转换效率及宽带超连续特性,超连续谱范围覆盖从230—690次谐波,傅里叶变换后实现了128 as高强度孤立短脉冲的产生.该结果归因于合成的三色场呈现出高功率及少周期的中红外飞秒脉冲激光特性,可以有效控制原子电离以及复合发生在中红外飞秒脉冲的一个有效光学周期内.     

Harmonic emission spectra and attosecond pulse generation from helium atom driven by the mid-infrared nonhomogeneous field

The generations of the high-order harmonics and the attosecond pulses from helium atom driven by the mid-infrared symmetric and asymmetric nonhomogeneous field have been theoretically investigated. It is found that (i) due to the surface plasmon polaritons in the metallic nanostructure, the extensions of the harmonics from the positive and the negative laser amplitudes, or only from the positive laser amplitude can be found for the cases of symmetric and asymmetric nonhomogeneous fields, respectively. (ii) The wavelength scalings of the harmonic cutoff and the harmonic yield show that the harmonic cutoff and the harmonic yield can be extended and decreased with the increase in laser wavelength, respectively. However, due to the limit of the gap size of the nanostructure, the threshold value of the harmonic cutoff can be achieved for a given gap size of the nanostructure. (iii) By adding a weak terahertz field to the mid-infrared fundamental field with the asymmetric nonhomogeneous effect, the intensity of the harmonic plateau can be enhanced by one order of magnitude, showing a 1280?eV supercontinuum with the single quantum trajectory contribution. Finally, by properly superposing the harmonics, some attosecond X-ray pulses shorter than 35 as can be produced.     

利用低频场控制轨道直接产生低于50阿秒的单个脉冲

提出一种直接得到脉宽小于50as的单个脉冲的新方法.利用波长为800nm脉宽为5fs的超短脉冲叠加上波长为10μm,强度为超短脉冲强度的10％且脉宽足够长的低频场脉冲驱动氦原子,谐波谱可以拓展到I_p+8.2U_p,同时,高于4.2U_p的谐波几乎是连续的.如果继续调节超短脉冲的载波包络相位,超连续谱可以继续拓宽,从而可以得到低于50as的单个脉冲. 关键词： 阿秒脉冲 超连续谱     

双色线偏振激光场驱动H_2~+分子产生椭圆偏振阿秒脉冲

理论研究了双色线偏振激光场驱动H_2~+分子产生椭圆偏振谐波及阿秒脉冲的特点.计算结果表明:随着不同偏振角的引入,谐波光谱呈现不规则的椭圆率.但是,随着空间非均匀效应的引入,不仅谐波谱的椭圆率可以稳定在ε=0.1和ε=0.3之间,而且谐波发射的截止能量明显增强.形成4个具有较小干涉结构带宽在406 e V,299 e V,381 e V和582 e V的超长平台区.最后,通过傅里叶变换,可获得5个脉宽及椭圆率为24 as(ε=0.1),22 as(ε=0.3),24 as(ε=0.3),19 as(ε=0.3),19 as(ε=0.3)的阿秒X射线脉冲.     

双色线偏振激光场驱动H2+分子产生椭圆偏振阿秒脉冲

理论研究了双色线偏振激光场驱动H2+分子产生椭圆偏振谐波及阿秒脉冲的特点。计算结果表明：随着不同偏振角的引入,谐波光谱呈现不规则的椭圆率。但是,随着空间非均匀效应的引入,不仅谐波谱的椭圆率可以稳定在ɛ = 0.1和ɛ = 0.3之间,而且谐波发射的截止能量明显增强。形成4个具有较小干涉结构带宽在406 eV,299 eV,381 eV和582 eV的超长平台区。最后,通过傅里叶变换,可获得5个脉宽及椭圆率为24 as (ε = 0.1),22 as (ε = 0.3),24 as (ε = 0.3),19 as (ε = 0.3),19 as (ε = 0.3)的阿秒X射线脉冲。     

Tunable-chirp pulse compression in quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation

We demonstrate continuously tunable compensation of linear chirp on a first-harmonic pump pulse to produce a near-transform-limited second-harmonic output pulse through the use of a chirped, fanned, periodically poled lithium niobate quasi-phase-matching grating. Compensation of positive and negative chirps is possible through reversal of device orientation. The device is simple and monolithic and can be applied to compensation of a higher-order phase with minor modification.     

Interferometric autocorrelation of an attosecond pulse train in the single-cycle regime

We report on the direct observation of the phase locking of the attosecond pulse train (APT) via interferometric autocorrelation in the extreme ultraviolet region. APT is formed with Fourier synthesis of high-order harmonic fields of a femtosecond laser pulse. Time-of-flight mass spectra of N+, resulting from the Coulomb explosion of N2 absorbing two photons of APT, efficiently yield correlated signals of APT. The measured autocorrelation trace exhibits that the duration of the pulse should be only 1.3 periods of the extreme ultraviolet carrier frequency. A few interference fringes within the short pulse duration clearly show two types of symmetry, which ensure the phase locking between pulses in APT.     

双色光场驱动产生单个阿秒脉冲过程中的宏观效应

通过数值模拟三维传播方程研究了双色场产生高次谐波过程中宏观效应的影响,重点分析了阿秒脉冲的时域形状.在6 fs/800 nm和21.3 fs/400 nm组成的双色场中,通过调节双色场间的相对延时,双色场各焦点相对于气体盒子入口的间距和双色场束腰半径和气体压强等参数,可以在平台区得到超宽带连续谱.对该连续谱中420—540 eV的谐波直接进行滤波后可以得到时间同步性很好的单个阿秒脉冲.这种性质对实验上通过双色场方案产生超短的阿秒脉冲非常有利. 关键词： 传播效应 阿秒脉冲 时间同步性     

啁啾激光与半周期脉冲形成的组合场驱动原子产生单个阿秒脉冲

提出了由波长为800 nm、脉冲宽度为5 fs的啁啾激光与半周期脉冲形成组合场,并利用这种组合场驱动一维模型氦原子获得单个阿秒脉冲. 通过数值求解一维氦原子的含时薛定谔方程,发现氦原子在组合场驱动下高次谐波谱的截止位置可以扩展到I_p+21.6U_p. 对第二平台区域不同范围内高次谐波的叠加都能得到单个阿秒脉冲,最短可达37 as,特别是对平台区域的前端进行叠加不仅能够得到较短的单个阿秒脉冲,而且与截止位置附近高次谐波构造的阿秒脉冲相比,强度提高了3个数量级. 关键词： 啁啾激光场 半周期脉冲 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲     

High-order harmonics extension and isolated attosecond pulse generation in three-color field: Controlling factors

In the present Letter, we theoretically discuss the optimum conditions for generating ultrashort attosecond pulse in three-color field with a model He exposed to the intense 5 fs, 800 nm fundamental field and the two weak control fields of 25 fs, 400 nm and 25 fs, 1600 nm. Through investigating the controlling factors in HHG spectra generation via manipulating the laser parameters of the three fields, we demonstrate that properly increasing the pulse intensity of 800 nm and 1600 nm fields at the same time with zero phase effects is an effective way to generate short attosecond pulses. Finally, an isolated pulse of 7 as is predicted by Fourier transforming an ultrabroad XUV continuum of 393 eV with phase compensation.     

氦原子在啁啾激光与中红外组合场中产生的单个阿秒脉冲

通过Crank Nicolson方法数值求解一维氦原子的含时Schrdinger方程,研究了啁啾激光与中红外激光形成组合场驱动氦原子发射高次谐波的特点.研究结果表明,在组合场驱动下,高次谐波平台区能得到很大的扩展,其截至位置得到大幅度扩展,对平台区不同阶次范围的高次谐波进行叠加均能得到单个的阿秒脉冲,最短可实现46 as的单个脉冲输出,经分析发现,中红外场的加入,不仅使高次谐波的平台得到扩展,而且提高了平台区前端的谐波强度.通过经典计算和对电离几率特点的讨论,解释了发生这种现象的原因.