Change of Lipid Composition of Mucor miehei as a Function of Cultivation Temperature

Lipids of the thermophilic fungus Mucor miehei,strain UzLT-3, cultivated at 26 and 42 C are studied. The lipids of this strain contain isomeric 18:2 (9,12) and (6,9) fatty acids and polyene acids - and -18:3, which are uncharacteristic of thermophilic fungi. Cultivation at 26°C increases the fraction of phospholipids (PL), glycolipids (GL), and isomeric 18:3 fatty acids in the total lipids. It is hypothesized that the liquid-crystalline state of the membranes of this strain at reduced temperature are due to activation of desaturases ¹² and ¹⁵ and possibly ⁶ , which are present in the fungus and participate in the biosynthesis of unsaturated acyl lipids.     

Influence of Reduced Temperature on Lipid Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Viburnum opulus</Emphasis> Seeds

The influence of reduced temperature (frost) on the lipid composition of Viburnum opulus seeds was studied. Low temperatures changed lipid metabolism by forming hydroxyglycerides in NL, lowering significantly the GL and PL contents, and changing their class composition. The structures of hydroxyacids in the hydroxyglycerides were established. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 523–528, November–December, 2005.     

Isolation and Properties of a Biocidal Peptide from Hibiscus cannabinus Seeds

The fungitoxicity of a biocidal peptide from kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus L. seeds was investigated. Its influence on the distribution of calcium ions in mycelial cells of the fungus Verticilluim dahliae Kleb. was examined.     

Fatty Acid Composition of Seed Oils of Twelve Salvia Species Growing in Turkey

Seed oils of 12 Salvia species collected from different regions in Turkey (S. Albimaculata Hedge & Hub.-Mor., S. Candidisima Vahl., S. Cedronella Boiss., S. Cryptantha Montbret & Aucher ex Bentham, S. Forskahlei L., S. Fruticosa Miller (Sin. S. Triloba L. Fil), S. Halophila Hedge, S. Hypargeia Fisch. & Mey., S. Sclarea L., S. Tomentosa Miller, S. Tchihatcheffii (Fisch. & Mey.) Boiss., S. Virgata Jacq.) were obtained by Soxhlet apparatus using hexane. The oil yields were found to be between 2.0% and 20.9%. Fatty acids in the oils were converted to methyl esters and determined by GC/MS in methyl ester form. The main fatty acid components of S. halophila, S. Hypargeia, and S. Sclarea are unsaturated oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. In others except S. Candidissima, the dominant acids are oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Chemical Composition of the Aerial Part of Rumex K-1

The content and composition of lipids, proteins, flavonoids, and carbohydrates from the aerial part of Rumex K-1 were studied.     

Glycolipids from Leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmanii</Emphasis>

The quantitative composition of glycolipids from leaves of Eminium Lehmanii (Araceae) was established. It was shown that the predominant glycolipids were monogalactosyldiglycerides and digalactosyldiglycerides. The fatty-acid compositions of six glycolipids, of which digalactosyldiglycerides and sterylglycoside esters contained greater than 70% linoleic acid, were determined by GC. The main carbohydrate component of the leaf glycolipids was galactose. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 409–410, September–October, 2005.     

Physicochemical Properties and Composition of Lipids from Capsicum annuum Seeds

The mass of 1000Capsicum annuum(Solanaceae) seeds and their moisture, oil and ash contents were determined. The lipid composition and acid components were studied. Low-molecular-weight fatty acids, concentrated in the ester fraction, were detected     

Carbohydrate–Lipid Interactions: Affinities of Methylmannose Polysaccharides for Lipids in Aqueous Solution

The interactions between 3‐O‐methyl‐mannose polysaccharides (MMPs), extracted from Mycobacterium smegmatis (consisting of a mixture of MMP‐10, ‐11, ‐12 and ‐13) or obtained by chemical synthesis (MMP‐5_s, ‐8_s, ‐11_s and ‐14_s), and linear saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), and a commercial mixture of naphthenic acids (NAs) in aqueous solution at 25 °C and pH 8.5 were quantified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Association constants (K_a) for MMP binding to four FAs (myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and trans‐parinaric acid) were measured by using an indirect ESI‐MS assay, the “proxy protein” method. The K_a values are in the 10⁴–10⁵ M ^?1 range and, based on results obtained for the binding of the synthetic MMPs with palmitic acid, increase with the size of the carbohydrate. Notably, the measured affinity of the extracted MMPs for trans‐parinaric acid is two orders of magnitude smaller than the reported value, which was determined by using a fluorescence assay. Using a newly developed competitive binding assay, referred to as the “proxy protein/proxy ligand” ESI‐MS method, it was shown that MMPs bind specifically to NAs in aqueous solution, with apparent affinities of approximately (5×10⁴) M ^?1 for the mixture of NAs tested. This represents the first demonstration that MMPs can bind to hydrophobic species more complex than those containing linear alkyl/alkenyl chains. Moreover, the approach developed here represents a novel method for probing carbohydrate–lipid interactions.     

Lipids and lipophilic components of Viburnum opulus fruits during maturation

The variation of the composition of neutral and polar lipids and lipophilic components during maturation of guelder rose (V. opulus L., fam. Caprifoliaceae) fruits was investigated. During fruit ripening, all lipid groups are accumulated, the highest accumulation rate being observed in the first period of maturation. In nonpolar lipids, this is due to a substantial increase in the content of triacylglycerides, whereas the contents of free fatty acids, methyl esters of fatty acids, monoacylglycerides, and especially esters of triterpenoid compounds decrease. During early maturation, all acyl-containing classes of lipids contain large amounts of saturated fatty acids (mainly, 16:0), whose content decreases during ripening, while the contents of unsaturated 18:1 and 18:2 acids increase.     

Effect of Irrigation on the Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Some Sunflower Seeds

The effect of irrigation on the seed yield, oil yield, and oil composition of sunflower in populations of Ekiz1 and VNIIMK 8931, a mixture of N₂, N₃, and N₄ lines, and a synthetic variety obtained from these lines has been studied. The major fatty acid was found to be oleic acid, in addition to linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Irrigation increased seed yield, oil yield, and oil content of all samples. In two of them, the synthetic variety and VNIIMK 8931, the increase was found to be statistically significant. In addition, irrigation of the samples did not increase significantly the amount of oleic and linoleic acids. On the contrary, the amount of linoleic acid in the mixture of N₂, N₃, and N₄ lines and oleic acid in VNIIMK 8931 decreased statistically significantly.     

Bioactive Protein Components from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hibiscus esculentus</Emphasis> Seeds

The fungitoxicity and cancerolytic properties of bioactive proteins from Hibiscus esculentus seeds were defined and investigated.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 66–68, January–February, 2005.     

Chemical Composition of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Silene viridiflora</Emphasis>

Neutral substances, carbohydrates, and microelements from the aerial part of Silene viridiflora in addition to the protein content and its amino-acid composition were determined. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 365–366, July–August, 2005.     

Lipids from Capsicum annuum Seeds

The composition of free and bound lipids from Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae) seeds was studied. Glycolipids, phospholipids, mono- and diacylglycerides, and free fatty acids were observed in the bound lipids.     

Carbohydrates and Lipids of Gleditsia triacanthos Seeds

The carbohydrate and lipid compositions of seeds from Gleditsia triacanthos L. cultivated in Uzbekistan are investigated. Water-soluble polysaccharide (galactomannan), pectinic substances, and hemicellulose are isolated. Their physicochemical properties and monosaccharide composition are found. The content and fatty-acid composition of neutral, glyco-, and phospholipids are determined.     

Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, and the Betaine Lipid DGTS from the Aquatic Fern Salvinia natans

Fatty acids, total lipids, phospholipids, and the betaine lipid DGTS in aerial and underwater leaves and sori of the aquatic fern Salvinia natans were investigated. Lipid compositions from various parts (organs) of the fern were different. The distributions of polar lipids and fatty acids in various organs were discussed. Special attention was paid to the DGTS-forming capability of this fern. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 399–402, September–October, 2005.     

Triple-Knockout,Synuclein-Free Mice Display Compromised Lipid Pattern

Recent studies have implicated synucleins in several reactions during the biosynthesis of lipids and fatty acids in addition to their recognised role in membrane lipid binding and synaptic functions. These are among aspects of decreased synuclein functions that are still poorly acknowledged especially in regard to pathogenesis in Parkinson’s disease. Here, we aimed to add to existing knowledge of synuclein deficiency (i.e., the lack of all three family members), with respect to changes in fatty acids and lipids in plasma, liver, and two brain regions in triple synuclein-knockout (TKO) mice. We describe changes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) and palmitic acid in liver and plasma, reduced triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in liver and non-esterified fatty acids in plasma of synuclein free mice. In midbrain, we observed counterbalanced changes in the relative concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cerebrosides (CER). We also recorded a notable reduction in ethanolamine plasmalogens in the midbrain of synuclein free mice, which is an important finding since the abnormal ether lipid metabolism usually associated with neurological disorders. In summary, our data demonstrates that synuclein deficiency results in alterations of the PUFA synthesis, storage lipid accumulation in the liver, and the reduction of plasmalogens and CER, those polar lipids which are principal compounds of lipid rafts in many tissues. An ablation of all three synuclein family members causes more profound changes in lipid metabolism than changes previously shown to be associated with γ-synuclein deficiency alone. Possible mechanisms by which synuclein deficiency may govern the reported modifications of lipid metabolism in TKO mice are proposed and discussed.     

Fatty Acid Composition and Physical Properties of Turkish Tree Hazel Nuts

The fatty acid composition and some physical properties of nuts of Turkish tree hazels were investigated. Average nut weight, diameter, shell thickness, percent kernel, and moisture content were determined. Oil content ranged between 64.48% and 71.92%. Oleic and linoleic acids was the predominant fatty acids, together representing 91.7% of the total. The amount of palmitic and stearic acids was low while palmitoleic, margaric, margaroleic, linolenic, arachidic, and gadoleic acids were present in trace amounts. This is the first report on the fatty acid composition of Turkish tree hazel. __________ Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 306–308, July–August, 2005.     

Lipids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eminium Lehmannii</Emphasis> Leaves and Tubers

Lipids of Eminium Lehmannii leaves and tuber casings and cores were studied. Their class and fatty-acid compositions were determined. Leaf pigments were investigated.__________Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 115–116, March–April, 2005.     

扶桑花与玫瑰茄微量元素含量的比较研究

测定了扶桑花十种微量元素含含量，并与玫瑰茄作了含量比较研究。