Organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of thioacetic acid to β-nitrostyrenes

A method for organocatalytic, enantioselective Michael addition reactions of thioacetic acid with a range of trans-β-nitrostyrenes has been developed. The processes, promoted by the chiral amine thiourea organocatalyst, take place in high yields with up to 70% ee.     

Diastereoselective conjugate addition with acetals,oxazolidines and imidazolidines as chiral auxiliaries

Organocopper reagents undergo highly diastereoselective conjugate addition on cinnamates bearing a chiral oxazolidine or imidazolidine ring.     

Simple camphor derivatives as chiral auxiliaries for asymmetric conjugate addition

The chiral enoates, $\text{4}$, readily available in two simple steps from (+)-camphor, Undergo asymmetric conjugate addition with the Gilman reagent LiBu₂Cu. Chemical yields are high (70–90%) and in the case of the naphthyl-substituted enoate $\text{4e}$ excellent diastereoselectivity (95% $\text{d.e.}$) is observed. 3-Methyl-heptan-l-ol of correspondingly high enantiomeric purity is obtained by reduction of the conjugate adduct with lithium aluminium hydride.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions of Meldrum's acid derived acceptors employing chiral phosphoramidite ligands

[reaction: see text] The enantioselective conjugate addition reaction of Et(2)Zn to Meldrum's acid derived acceptors, mediated by a catalyst formed from Cu(O(2)CCF(3))(2) and a phosphoramidite ligand, is reported. Adducts are obtained in useful yields and up to 94% ee.     

Diastereoselective photosensitised radical addition to fumaric acid derivatives bearing oxazolidine chiral auxiliaries

Various fumaric acid diamides were alkylated by reaction with photogenerated radicals. The radicals were produced either by benzophenone triplet hydrogen abstraction (from 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane and adamantane) or via photoinduced electron transfer sensitised by DCN/biphenyl from stannanes (t-BuSnPh₃ and Bu₄Sn). When chiral substrates were employed the reaction occurred with a good degree of stereoselectivity even when acyclic alkyl radicals were involved.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition of carbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes catalyzed by chiral bifunctional thioureas

Readily available chiral thioureas derived from cyclohexane-1,2-diamine were prepared and found to be highly effective organocatalysts for the conjugate addition of aldehydes and ketones to nitroalkenes. Excellent enantioselectivities and yields were obtained for a variety of aryl and heteroaryl nitroalkenes. The base additives are essential for good yields and excellent enantioselectivities in this transformation. Based on new experimental evidence, a modified catalytic mechanism was proposed to rationalize the important role of the base additives.     

Asymmetric synthesis of homochiral dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans by conjugate addition to a chiral butenolide

Addition of sulphur stabilised carbanions to a chiral non-racemic butenolide followed by reaction with an aromatic aldehyde affords a short synthesis of homochiral dibenzylbutyrolactone derivatives. Desulphurisation of the first formed adducts proceeds in almost quantitative yield to afford the parent lignan.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition to alkylidene malonates

Dialkylzinc and trialkylaluminium reagents undergo conjugate addition to alkylidene malonates with 0.5% copper triflate as catalyst. The reaction could be made enantioselective by completing the reaction in the presence of 0.5–1.0 mol% of chiral phosphorus ligand. Enantiomeric excesses (e.e.s) of up to 73% could be attained with a ligand prepared from TADDOL and 2-naphthylcyclohexanol.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition reaction using pyrazole derivatives as a chiral catalyst

The conjugate addition of Grignard reagent ( 2 ) onto 1‐α,β‐unsaturated)acyl 3,5‐dimethylpyrazole ( 1 ) was enantioselectively catalyzed by the copper complex from cuprous compounds and 3‐phenyl‐l‐mentho‐pyrazole ( 3 ).     

Asymmetric synthesis with new chiral auxiliaries derived from isosorbide

Chiral aminoethers derived from carbohydrates have been used for asymmetric alkylation of phenylacetic amides giving diastereoisomeric excess up to 83%.     

Organocatalytic enantioselective Michael addition of thioacetic acid to enones

An enantioselective, organocatalytic Michael addition reaction of thioacetic acid with enones has been developed. The process, catalyzed by a chiral bifunctional amine thiourea, furnishes products in excellent yields with up to 63% ee.     

Asymmetric cyclopropanation with diazoacetates induced by carbohydrate-derived chiral auxiliaries

α-Diazoacetates with carbohydrate-based chiral auxiliaries have been synthesized and screened in the asymmetric cyclopropanation of styrene in connection with the effect of the chiral Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction, showing the remarkable importance of the carbohydrate-based chiral auxiliaries on the enantioselectivities and an unexpected effect on the trans:cis ratios.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition of α-keto esters to nitroolefins catalyzed by chiral CuII hydroxo complexes

As a part of our research project on hard anion-late transition metal complexes as mild acid–base catalysts, we describe herein that Cu^II hydroxo complexes having chiral N-substituted-diaminocyclohexanes are mild and selective catalysts, which are applicable to the catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of α-keto esters to nitroolefins. The reaction proceeded diastereoselectively without the detectable formation of self-aldol products, affording the corresponding coupling products with anti-stereochemistry in an enantioselective manner.     

Diastereoselective addition of chiral azomethine ylides to cinnamoyl moieties,attached to chiral auxiliaries

Doubly diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of chiral azomethine ylides to cinnamoyl moieties, attached to chiral auxiliaries, were investigated. The resulting trans-3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidines were obtained in diastereomeric ratios of up to 78:22. The influence on this ratio by the constitution of the chiral ylide was found to be rather small.     

Enantio- and diastereoselective addition of thioacetic acid to nitroalkenes via N-sulfinyl urea catalysis

The enantioselective addition of thioacetic acid to nitroalkenes was achieved using N-sulfinyl urea catalysis. In this report, the scope of the reaction was extended to the enantio- and diastereoselective thioacetic acid addition to cyclic α,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes. Additionally, the role of the sulfinyl group was investigated by replacing it with a variety of aryl and sulfonyl groups. Of 15 urea catalysts synthesized and tested, none displayed comparable selectivity to the sulfinyl catalysts, highlighting the importance of the sulfinyl group in attaining high enantioselectivity in the thioacetic acid addition.     

N-Allyl-N-tert-butyldimethylsilylamine for chiral ligand-controlled asymmetric conjugate addition to tert-butyl alkenoates

The chiral ligand controlled asymmetric conjugate addition reaction of lithium N-allyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)amide to alkenoates proceeded smoothly to give, after protodesilylation, the corresponding 3-allylaminoalkanoates with high enantioselectivities in high yields. The allyl group on the nitrogen atom was easily removable to afford 3-aminoalkanoates.     

Asymmetric synthesis with diphenylphosphine oxides: Bicyclic aminals and oxazolidines as chiral auxiliaries

Syntheses of six novel phosphine oxide chiral auxiliaries are described. The auxiliaries are composed of the diphenylphosphinoyl (Ph₂PO) group and either proline-derived bicyclic aminals or norephedrine-derived oxazolidines. One auxiliary is used in the synthesis of an optically active β-hydroxy phosphine oxide.     

Asymmetric conjugate addition reactions of allyl- and crotylstannanes

The conjugate addition reactions of allylic stannanes have been investigated utilizing nonracemic N-enoyl-4-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidinones with Lewis acid precomplexation.