A green solid acid catalyst 12-tungstophosphoric acid H3[PW12O40] supported on g-C3N4 for synthesis of quinoxalines

Research on Chemical Intermediates - A green Keggin-type heteropoly-12-tungstophosphoric acid, (H3[PW12O40].12H2O) supported on graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4 (HPW/g-C3N4-40), was developed for...     

Phenylimido Functionalization of alpha-[PW12O40]3-

A synthetic route of potentially wide scope is reported herein for the organoimido functionalization of polyoxotungstates. This report focuses on the reaction between the monovacant lacunary polyoxotungstate, alpha-((n-C4H9)4N)4H3[PW11O39], and W(NC6H5)Cl4 in anhydrous acetonitrile. Evidence from 1H, 31P, 183W, and 1H-183W HMQC NMR spectroscopy, as well as cyclic voltammetry, electronic absorption, and elemental analysis, is presented for the formation of alpha-[PW12O39(NC6H5)]3- (2) of Cs symmetry, which is structurally related to Td alpha-[PW12O40]3- (3) by formal oxide substitution. The electronic structure of 2 is significantly perturbed from 3 with significant arylimido-->tungsten charge transfer, primarily localized to the W(NC6H5) fragment with secondary charge delocalization onto the remaining W and corner-shared bridging O atoms. This is consistent with the approximately 800 ppm downfield 183W NMR shift for the phenylimido-tungsten, modest cathodic shifts in reversible redox potentials, electronic and IR spectra, and density functional theory calculations.     

Redistribution and fluxionality in heteropolyoxoperoxo complexes: [PO4[M2O2(mu-O2)2(O2)2]2]3- with M = Mo and/or W

When peroxotetramolybdophosphate, [(n-C4H9)4N]3[PO4[Mo2O2(mu-O2)2(O2)2]2], denoted (NBu4)3PMo4, and its tungsten(VI) analogue, (NBu4)3PW4, are mixed in acetonitrile at room temperature, redistribution occurs with the formation of three mixed-addenda species [PO4[Mo4-xWxO20]]3- (x = 1-3). The temperature dependence of the phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of a 1 1 mixture and of the pure salts, (NBu4)3PMo4 or (NBu4)3PW4, shows that [MO(O2)2] species are in chemical exchange, as are the [MOp] units of certain heteropolyacids (e.g. H3[PMo12O40] x aq and H3[PW12O40] x aq). However, there is no chemical exchange between free phosphate and [MO(O2)2] species in these systems; but there is fluxional behaviour involving PMo2W2, PMo4 and PW4. This is attributed to the rapid equilibrium between isomers (PMo2W2) and to equilibrium between anionic structures with tridentate (mu-eta2:eta1-O22-) and bidentate (eta2-O22-) modes of coordination for the two peroxo groups of the [M2O2(mu-O2)2(O2)2] moieties.     

[Cu(2,2''-bpy)Cl2]和[Cu(1,10-phen)C12]在多金属氧酸盐上的多相化:选择性氧化四氢化萘的新催化剂

Mononuclear Cu(II)bipyridine(1)and phenantroline complexes(2)were synthesized and immobilized by different procedures on H3PW12O40 polyoxometalate(POM).Characterization by XRD and SEM-EDX were performed to assess the preservation of the Keggin structure and stoichiometry of the complex.The immobilized complexes were tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the partial oxidation of tetralin(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene)using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant in acetonitrile/water as solvent.[Cu(2,2'-bpy)Cl][H2PW12O...     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of a Mixed-valence Polyoxotungstate Decorated by Copper(I) Coordination Group, [Cu(en)2H2O]2[{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]·2H2O

A complex [Cu(en)2H2O]2[{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]·2H2O (C12H57Cu3N12O44PW12, Mr = 3501.49) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 21.680(4), b = 20.680(4), c = 26.120(5) (A), V = 11711(4) (A)3, Dc = 3.972 g/cm3, Z = 8, μ(MoKa) = 24.661 mm-1, F(000) = 12440, the final R = 0.0527 and wR = 0.1416 for 11527 observed reflec- tions with I > 2σ(I).The crystal structure is composed of [{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]2- anions, discrete [Cu(en)2H2O]+ complex cations and crystal water molecules, which are held together into a three- dimensional network through hydrogen-bonding interactions.The anionic [{Cu(en)2}HPW12O40]2- is formed by the mixed valance {HPWVI11WVO40}3- Keggin unit covalently linked by a {Cu(en)2}+ group.     

A microwave-assisted and heteropolyacids-catalysed cyclocondensation reaction for the synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones

We have investigated a microwave-assisted synthesis of 4(3H)-quinazolinones by condensation of anthranilic acid, orthoesters (or formic acid) and substituted anilines,using Keggin-type heteropolyacids (H(3)PW(12)O(40).13H(2)O, H(4)SiW(12)O(40).13H(2)O,H(4)SiMo(12)O(40).13H(2)O or H(3)PMo(12)O(40).13H(2)O) as catalysts. We found that the the use of H(3)PW(12)O(40).13H(2)O acid coupled to microwave irradiation allows a solvent-free, rapid (approximately 13min) and high-yielding reaction.     

孔道结构H3PW12O40/TiO2的制备及其可见光光催化降解水溶性染料的性能

 采用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了孔道结构复合材料H3PW12O40/TiO2,采用ICP-AES,UV/DRS,31P MAS NMR,TEM和N2吸附等技术对其组成和结构进行了表征. 结果表明,催化剂中活性组分H3PW12O40的基本骨架结构未发生改变,H3PW12O40的担载量为22.29%,催化剂平均粒径为40 nm,具有双孔结构,其平均微孔和介孔孔径分别为0.61和3.06 nm. 考察了催化剂可见光光催化降解6种水溶性染料的性能. 结果表明,6种染料均可不同程度地被降解和矿化. 通过对染料中性红的光催化降解实验,比较了H3PW12O40/TiO2,Degussa P-25和锐钛矿结构TiO2的可见光光催化活性,其中,H3PW12O40/TiO2活性最高,且催化剂最易分离,可循环使用.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorescent Property of a Keggin Polyoxometalate [CuI(2,2''-bipy)2]3[PWⅥ12O40]

A Keggin-type tungstohosphate compound [CuI(2,2'-bipy)2]3[PWVI12O40] 1 (bipy = bipyridine) was prepared by the hydrothermal method for the first time. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that 1 (C60H48Cu3N12O40PW12) crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 16.9837(10), b = 17.9732(13) c = 27.8701(13)(A), β = 96.1039(10)°, V = 8459.2(9)(A)3, Mr = 4004.89, Z = 4, Dc = 3.145 g/cm3, μ = 17.089 mm-1, F(000) = 7208, S = 1.005, the final R = 0.0469 and wR = 0.0827 for 10807 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). Compound 1 consists of one discrete normal Keggin polyanion [PWVI12O40]3- and three isolated coordinated cat- ions [CuI(2,2'-bipy)2]+. Significantly, there exist three crystallographically independent asymmetric reduced copper (I) centers in 1. Furthermore, the compound shows strong photoluminescence property in solid state at room temperature.     

二茂铁与HnXW12O40.mH2O(X=P,Si, Ge)电荷转移配合物的室温固相合 成与性质

用室温固相反应法合成了三种具有非线性光学性质的二茂铁-多金属氧酸盐电荷转移配合物[Fe(C5H5)2H]3PW12O40(Ⅰ),[Fe(C5H5)2H]4SiW12O40(Ⅱ)和[Fe(C5H5)2H]4GeW12O40(Ⅲ)。用元素分析、紫外漫反射电子光谱、红外光谱、穆斯堡尔谱、ESR、XRD、循环伏安等手段对其进行了表征和研究,确定了该配合物的组成与结构,结果表明二茂铁与杂多阴离子之间发生了电荷转移,在形成配合物过程中杂多阴离子发生单电子还原反应,生成了混合价化合物,非线性光学性质研究表明电荷转移配合物的倍频效应强度分别为IⅠ^2ω=0.27I~KDP,IⅡ^2ω=0.06I~KDP,IⅢ^2ω=0.10I~KDP;三阶非线性光学χⅠ^(3)=2.4×10^-^13esu,χⅡ^(3)=3.1×10^-^12esu,χⅢ^(3)=6.5×10^-^12esu.     

Electrochemical synthesis and structural and physical characterization of one- and two-electron-reduced forms of [SMo12O40]2-

Isolation of a soluble [NHex4]+ salt has allowed a detailed electrochemical study of the anion alpha-[SMo12O40]2- to be undertaken. Four reversible one-electron-reduction processes are observed in CH2Cl2 solution. Controlled potential electrolysis led to isolation of tetraalkylammonium salts of the one-electron-reduced anion alpha-[SMo12O40]3- and the two-electron-reduced anion alpha-[SMo12O40].4- [SMo12O40]3- is stable to disproportionation in dry solvents (Kdis = 10(-7.4). EPR and magnetic susceptibility data indicate that [SMo12O40]3- is a simple paramagnet (S = 1/2) while [SMo12O40]4- is paramagnetic with the mu eff values decreasing at low temperatures. Solutions of the two-electron-reduced species are EPR silent, but microcrystalline powders show very weak signals. The crystal structure of alpha-[NBu4]3[SMo12O40] has been determined (triclinic P1; a = 13.840(3) A; b = 15.587(4) A; c = 19.370(3) A; alpha = 94.82(2) degrees; beta = 93.10(1) degrees; gamma = 91.05(2) degrees; Z = 2). There is disorder around the C2 axis of the central SO4(2-) tetrahedron. In the presence of aqueous HClO4 (0.045 M) in thf/H2O or MeCN/H2O (98/2 v/v), [SMo12O40]2- exhibits five two-electron-reduction processes. Under these conditions, [SMo12O40]3- protonates and disproportionates into [SMo12O40]2- and the (2e-, 2H+)-reduced anion [H2SMo12O40]2-.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Ce,H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 Hollow Fibers

A series of Ce, H3PW12O40 co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers photocatalysts have been prepared by sol-gel method using ammonium ceric nitrate, H3PW12O40 and tetrabutyltitanate as precursors and cotton fibers as template, followed by calcination at 500 ℃ in N2 atmosphere for 2 h. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption mea- surements, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are employed to characterize the morphology, crystal structure, surface structure, and optical absorption properties of the samples. The photo- catalytic performance of the samples has been studied by photodegradation phenol in water under UV and visible light irradiation. The results show that the TiO2 fiber materials have hollow structures, and the co-doped TiO2 hollow fibers exhibit higher photocatalytic activities for the degradation of phenol than un-doped, single-doped TiO2 hollow fibers under UV and visible light. In addition, the recyclability of co-doped TiO2 fibers is also confirmed that the TiO2 fiber retains ca. 90% of its activity after being used four times. It is shown that the co-doped TiO2 fibers can be activated by visible light and may be potentially applied to the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants. The synergistic effect of Ce and H3PW12O40 co-doping plays an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.     

Theoretical investigation of structural and electronic propertyies of [PW12O40]3- on graphene layer

The structural and electronic properties of [PW(12)O(40)](3-) (PW(12)) anion deposited on a graphene layer are investigated by using periodic density functional theory. The equilibrium geometries of graphene-PW(12) (G-PW(12)) are examined based on six different configurations. The adsorption energy and charge transfer between PW(12) and graphene are calculated and analyzed. We found that the interaction between PW(12) and graphene are noncovalent. The formation of G-PW(12) complex is theoretically predicted to be feasible from an energetic perspective with electron transfer from the PW(12) to graphene.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of a Mixed-valence Polyoxotungstate Decorated by Copper(I) Coordination Group, [Cu(en)_2H_2O]_2[{Cu(en)_2}HPW_(12)O_(40)]·2H_2O

1 INTRODUCTION Polyoxometalates (POMs) are early transition metal oxygen clusters and have aroused much inte- rest because of their discrete structures of definite sizes, shapes[1] and potential applications in cata- lysis, medicine, materials science, g…     

Synthesis, characterization, and photochemical behavior of {Ru(arene)}2+ derivatives of alpha-[PW11O39]7-: an organometallic way to ruthenium-substituted heteropolytungstates

Reaction of [Ru(arene)Cl(2)](2) (arene = benzene, toluene, p-cymene, hexamethylbenzene) with K(7)[PW(11)O(39)].14H(2)O provided two series of organometallic derivatives of heteropolytungstates: type-1 and type-2 complexes of general formulas [PW(11)O(39){Ru(arene)(H(2)O)}](5-) and [{PW(11)O(39){Ru(arene)}}(2){WO(2)}](8-), respectively. All compounds were characterized by infrared and multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (31)P, (183)W) spectroscopies. The crystal structures of Na(4)K(4)[{PW(11)O(39){Ru(benzene)}}(2){WO(2)}].6H(2)O (NaK-2a.6H(2)O), K(7)H[{PW(11)O(39){Ru(toluene)}}(2){WO(2)}].4H(2)O (K-2b.4H(2)O), and Cs(3)K(2)[PW(11)O(39){Ru(p-cymene)(H(2)O)}].4H(2)O (CsK-1c.4H(2)O) were obtained and revealed that the {Ru(arene)} fragment is supported on the oxometallic framework. Photochemical reactivity of [PW(11)O(39){Ru(arene)(H(2)O)}](5-) (arene = toluene, p-cymene) in the presence of various ligands L (L = H(2)O, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfoxide, and diphenyl sulfoxide) was investigated, and led to the formation of [PW(11)O(39){Ru(L)}](5-), in which the ruthenium is incorporated into the lacunary [PW(11)O(39)](7-) anion.     

CsxH3-xPW12O40的孔结构

Ｎ２静态吸附容量法的测定结果表明，磷钨酸铯盐（ＣｓｘＨ３－ｘＰＷ１２Ｏ４０）的孔窝和孔分布与ｘ值的大小相关。ｘ〈１．５的ＣｓｘＨ３－ｘＰＷ１２Ｏ４０孔容相近，孔分布近似；当ｘ〉１．５时，ＣｓｘＨ３－ｘＰＷ１２Ｏ４０的孔主要是孔径小于１０ｎｍ的中孔和微孔，平均孔径及孔容随ｘ的增加而增大。ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ的观测结果表明，ＣｓｘＨ３－ｘＰＷ１２Ｏ４０的孔是微细粒子堆积留下的空隙孔，可能不存在晶内孔。     

混合价配位聚合物 - [Cu(en)2H2O]2•8H2O的水热合成与晶体结构

在水热条件下合成了一个新的混合价配位聚合物 [Cu(en)2H2O]2•8H2O, 并对其进行了元素分析, IR, UV, TG-DSC等表征. X射线单晶衍射结果表明, 化合物属于单斜晶系, P21/c空间群, 晶胞参数a＝1.88678(12) nm, b＝2.30383(14) nm, c＝2.61234(16) nm, α＝90°, β＝95.844(1)°, γ＝90°, V＝11.2964(12) nm3, Z＝4, Dc＝3.954 g/cm3, R1＝0.0975, wR2＝0.2041. 结构测定结果表明, 聚合物中杂多阴离子骨架通过氧桥相连并形成一维无限链. 热性质研究表明, 形成标题化合物后杂多阴离子骨架分解温度大约在600.4 ℃, 热稳定性较母体杂多酸明显增强.     

Selective conversion of cellobiose and cellulose into gluconic acid in water in the presence of oxygen, catalyzed by polyoxometalate-supported gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles loaded onto Keggin-type insoluble polyoxometalates (Cs(x)H(3-x)PW(12)O(40)) showed superior catalytic performances for the direct conversion of cellobiose into gluconic acid in water in the presence of O(2). The selectivity of Au/Cs(x)H(3-x)PW(12)O(40) for gluconic acid was significantly higher than those of Au catalysts loaded onto typical metal oxides (e.g., SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), and TiO(2)), carbon nanotubes, and zeolites (H-ZSM-5 and HY). The acidity of polyoxometalates and the mean-size of the Au nanoparticles were the key factors in the catalytic conversion of cellobiose into gluconic acid. The stronger acidity of polyoxometalates not only favored the conversion of cellobiose but also resulted in higher selectivity of gluconic acid by facilitating desorption and inhibiting its further degradation. On the other hand, the smaller Au nanoparticles accelerated the oxidation of glucose (an intermediate) into gluconic acid, thereby leading to increases both in the conversion of cellobiose and in the selectivity of gluconic acid. The Au/Cs(x)H(3-x)PW(12)O(40) system also catalyzed the conversion of cellulose into gluconic acid with good efficiency, but it could not be used repeatedly owing to the leaching of a H(+)-rich hydrophilic moiety over long-term hydrothermal reactions. We have demonstrated that the combination of H(3)PW(12)O(40) and Au/Cs(3.0)PW(12)O(40) afforded excellent yields of gluconic acid (about 85%, 418 K, 11 h), and the deactivation of the recovered H(3)PW(12)O(40)-Au/Cs(3.0)PW(12)O(40) catalyst was not serious during repeated use.     

Formation of p-phenylenediamine-crown ether-[PMo12O40]4- salts

Electron transfer from the electron donor of p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to the electron acceptor of (H+)3[PMo12O40]3- forms a one-electron-reduced Keggin cluster of [PMo12O40]4-, bearing a S = 1/2 spin, while proton transfer from the proton donor of (H+)3[PMo12O40]3- to the proton acceptor of PPD yielded mono- and diprotonated cations of 4-aminoanilinium (HPPD+) and p-phenylenediammonium (H2PPD2+). By introduction of crown ether receptors during the crystallization process, supramolecular cations of (HPPD+)(crown ethers) and/or (H2PPD2+)(crown ethers) were successfully introduced into three new alpha-[PMo12O40]4- salts of (H2PPD2+)2([12]crown-4)4[PMo12O40]4- (1), (HPPD+)4([15]crown-5)4[PMo12O40]4- (2), and (HPPD+)2(H2PPD2+)([18]crown-6)4[PMo12O40]4- (3) as the countercation. The protonated states of PPD and molecular-assembly structures of the supramolecular cations depended on the size of the crown ethers. In salt 3, a novel mixed-protonated state of HPPD+ and H2PPD2+ was confirmed to be complexed in the cation structure. According to the changes in the cation structures, the anion arrangements were modulated from those of the two-dimensional layer for salt 1 to the isolated cluster for salts 2 and 3. The temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibilities of salts 1-3 were consistent with the isolated spin arrangements of [PMo12O40]4-. The electronic spectra of salts 1-3 indicated the intervalence optical transition from pentavalent Mo(V) to hexavalent Mo(VI) ions within the [PMo12O40]4- cluster. Temperature-dependent electron spin resonance spectra of salt 2 revealed the delocalization-localization transition of the S = 1/2 spin at 60 K. The spin on the [PMo12O40]4- cluster was localized on a specific Mo(V) site below 60 K, which was thermally activated with an activation energy of 0.015 eV.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷钨酸盐的制备及其对酯化反应的催化性能

以溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑盐([bmim]Br)和磷钨酸(H3PW12O40)为原料制备了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷钨酸盐([bmim]3PW12O40)催化剂,并用傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析-差示扫描量热法、正丁胺电位滴定及元素分析等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂对乙醇与乙酸酯化合成乙酸乙酯反应的催化活性.结果表明,[bmim]3PW12O40中有3个结晶水,并保持有H3PW12O40的Keggin结构和酸强度,[bmim]3PW12O40的酸量明显少于H3PW12O40的酸量.在乙醇与乙酸酯化合成乙酸乙酯反应中,[bmim]3PW12O40催化剂具有较高的催化活性和较好的重复使用性能.     

Experimental and theoretical study of the regiospecific coordination of RuII and OsII fragments on the lacunary polyoxometalate [alpha-PW11O39]7-

New Ru(II) and Os(II) derivatives of the monovacant [alpha-PW(11)O(39)](7-) anion ([PW(11)O(39){M(DMSO)(3)(H(2)O)}](5-) (M = Ru (1), Os (2)) and [PW(11)O(39){Os(eta(6)-p-cym)(H(2)O)}](5-) (3)) have been synthesized and characterized. The binding mode of the d(6)-{M(II)L(3)(H(2)O)}(2+) moieties in these compounds is similar to that in the previously described [PW(11)O(39){Ru(eta(6)-p-cym)(H(2)O)}](5-) (4) complex: bidentate, on two nonequivalent oxygen atoms of the lacuna, leading to a loss of the C(s) symmetry of the parent anion, which thus plays the role of a prochiral bidentate ligand. The density functional theory (DFT) (B3PW91) computation of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the {ML(3)(H(2)O)}(2+) (M = Os, Ru; L(3) = fac-(DMSO)(3), eta(6)-C(6)H(6)) fragments reveals the similarities between their electrophilic properties. The origin of the regioselectivity of the grafting was investigated through a DFT (B3PW91) analysis of (i) the highest occupied molecular orbital of [alpha-PW(11)O(39)](7-) and (ii) the relative energies of the different potential regioisomers obtained by a bidentate grafting of the {ML(3)(H(2)O)}(2+) moiety onto the lacuna of [alpha-PW(11)O(39)](7-). The role of the water ligand in the stabilization of this peculiar structure was studied.