化学与社会教学模式的探索与实践

利用多媒体教学手段,在工科院校开设面向文科专业学生的化学与社会课程,探讨了在内容上分专题讲述,并辅以生动有趣的实验教学及考核方式多样化的教学模式。     

中级化学实验课的设立与建设

1　开设的原因与思路　　随着教学改革的深入开展 ,我校化学系取消了原有的专业方向 ,化学专业的学生不再分专业方向 ,专业方向实验课自然也应统一。中级化学实验正是在这种背景下 ,将原设的无机、分析、有机、物化专门化实验课取消 ,而用中级化学实验代替 ,当然这种代替决不能是简单的加合 ,而应是组合成一个有机的整体。　　实验在化学学科中占有重要地位 ,开设专业化学实验的目的是为了培养学生应用基础理论的能力、提高学生的实验技能和培养学生解决实际问题的能力。与过去专门化实验相比 ,中级化学实验取消了那些验证性的实验 ,应该更…     

面向21世纪构筑高师《化学实验教学研究》课程新教学体系的初步实践

本文是高师化学专业本科生专业基础课程《化学实验教学研究》实施4年教学改革试验的阶段性总结报告,也是高等师范教育面向21世纪教学内容和课程体系改革立项内容之一。针对该课程教学体系的现状,从面向21世纪化学教师培养要求出发,我们提出本课程改革的指导思想：“培养化学实验教学意识,强化实验教学能力,提高素质,发展可持续发展能力。”在此基础上,构筑了本课程新的教学体系（含目标、内容、过程、方法、测评体系）,同时提出新的教学原则和“综合构造”教学模式。     

绿色化学理念在高分子化学实验教学中的渗透

绿色化学是促进人类与自然和谐发展的化学,培养绿色化学意识是实现社会可持续发展的基本要求。高分子化学实验是高等院校高分子材料专业或材料化学高分子方向本科生开设的一门必修课,对学生进行绿色化学教育具有非常有利的条件。文章分析了在高分子化学实验课程中开展绿色化学教育的必要性与可行性;介绍了高分子化学实验教学中开展绿色化学教育的具体措施。通过绿色化学理念在高分子化学实验教学中渗透,在提高学生动手能力的同时,又增强了学生的绿色化学意识。     

药学专业药物化学实验教学现状与教学改革

从实验课与理论课相互关系、实验教学内容、与基础课的衔接、与相关课程的沟通和实验室管理等5个方面分析了药物化学实验教学中存在的问题,针对这些问题提出了改革措施,并对药学实验教学改革进行了展望。     

化学,别把文科学生拒之门外——开设《现代人与化学》课程之探索

对文科学生进行体现化学知识应用的化学素养教育,普及化学知识,使之适应２１世纪对人才素质的要求已迫在眉睫。本文借鉴美国化学课程改革的经验,结合我国为非理科专业大学生开设化学选修课的初步尝试,推出在内容和体系上具有很大改革力度和鲜明特点的化学素养课程－《现代人与化学》。     

化学化工专业学生绿色化学认识的调查与思考

就化学化工专业学生对绿色化学认识的调查显示：多数学生对绿色化学的属性有较好的理解与认识;不少学生对绿色化学作用的理解与认识不足,甚至是错误的;对绿色化学的12条原则认识不全面。学校与教师应提高对学生进行绿色化学教育重要性的认识,通过开设专门的绿色化学课程,在化学理论课与实验课教学中自觉地渗透绿色化学理念,在实践中培养绿色化学意识。     

工科高分子专业的高分子化学与物理实验教学的几点体会

介绍了山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院,在工科高分子专业的高分子化学与物理课程教学中所进行的改革.一方面加强实验环节,在基本实验基础上,开设综合设计性实验,提高学生解决实际问题的动手能力,同时在第二课堂中开展学生课外科技活动,并积极挖掘第三课堂,开展社会实践,增强学生社会适应性,形成了以课堂为主,实验、综合设计、毕业设计和科研相结合的特色创新教育模式,突出了对学生科研、工程等综合能力的培养,取得了阶段性成果.     

《高分子化学》课程在土建类本科院校的教学改革初探

《高分子化学》是高分子材料与工程专业四大专业基础课之一,作为该专业学生接触的第一门专业基础课,内容涵盖了高分子的基本概念、聚合方法、聚合反应类型和机理,是进一步学习其他专业课程的基础.本文根据高分子化学课程在土建类工科院校的现状,结合近年来高分子化学课程的教学实践与探索,从增加教学中建筑材料切入点、探索适应工科学生的互...     

化学,别把文科学生拒之门外──开设《现代人与化学》课程之探索

对文科学生进行体现化学知识应用的化学素养教育，普及化学知识，使之适应21世纪对人才素质的要求已迫在眉睫。本文借鉴美国化学课程改革的经验，结合我国为非理科专业大学生开设化学选修课的初步尝试，推出在内容和体系上具有很大改革力度和鲜明特点的化学素养课程—《现代人与化学》。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。