利用光折变晶体的电光、压电效应实现2×2光开关的原理

讨论了在光折变LiNbO3晶体中建立电场控制的 2× 2直通交换开关的原理设计方案。通过控制读出光栅时外加电场的大小使读出光满足或偏离布拉格条件 ,从而控制衍射效率为 1或 0 ,实现开关的交换和直通操作。全面考虑了电场作用下晶体的压电和电光效应 ,基于衍射效率公式和光栅的布拉格条件 ,给出了为获得最佳衍射效率比时外加电场及写入光束比与记录角度间的关系曲线     

一次曝光法制备二维电调谐聚合物液晶光栅

采用四光束一次曝光法制备了二维电调谐聚合物分散液晶光栅,实验表明该方法制备的二维光栅具有非常好的电光特性,其衍射图样为空间点阵且衍射效率可以通过电场进行调节|偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜表明光栅中的液晶和聚合物在二维空间上呈周期性分布.同时利用二维衍射模型对二维光栅的电光特性进行了理论模拟,得到理论模拟的结果与实验结果相吻合.     

一次曝光法制备二维电调谐聚合物液晶光栅

采用四光束一次曝光法制备了二维电调谐聚合物分散液晶光栅,实验表明该方法制备的二维光栅具有非常好的电光特性,其衍射图样为空间点阵且衍射效率可以通过电场进行调节;偏光显微镜和原子力显微镜表明光栅中的液晶和聚合物在二维空间上呈周期性分布.同时利用二维衍射模型对二维光栅的电光特性进行了理论模拟,得到理论模拟的结果与实验结果相吻合.     

光纤布拉格光栅在冰声学性能测量中的应用

以光纤布拉格光栅检测动态应变为基础,分析了匹配型光纤布拉格光栅波长移动解调方案的基本原理。利用匹配光栅法检测的高灵敏性及光纤光栅传感器本身的优点,将其与超声波检测相结合,创新性地用于研究超声波在冰样中的传播速度随温度的变化关系,通过光纤布拉格光栅检测冰样中纵波、横波传播速度与温度的关系,利用Matlab对数据进行拟合及计算,得到了冰样的声学参数随温度变化的规律:温度越低,超声波在冰样中的传播速度越高。并将所测数据与超声波系统所测数据进行对比,结果表明,光纤布拉格光栅所测数据正确可靠,证明了光纤布拉格光栅可用于检测冰的声学性能。     

Ge0.05Si0.95／Si异质结单模共面布拉格反射波导光栅的设计与分析

GeSi/Si异质结布拉格反射光栅是硅基光电集成领域一种重要的集成光学器件,分析GeSi/Si异质结的传光特性和布拉格条件,通过求解布拉格光栅方程,得出耦合系数和耦合效率.利用上述原理设计出入射角为66°,波导层的厚度为2 μm,光栅长度为4 252 μm,槽深为0.05 μm,光栅周期为0.456 μm,滤波带宽为0.214 nm,耦合效率为84.1%的1.3 μm Ge0.05Si0.95/Si异质结单模共面布拉格反射光栅,并用数值模拟了入射光渡电场和反射光波电场的分布.     

三圆环型达曼光栅衍射与缺级

光栅和光栅衍射是波动光学中的一个重要内容, 讨论利用多个圆环衍射的圆环型达曼光栅的衍射现 象. 首先设计了一种三圆环型达曼光栅, 然后解析推导了圆环型达曼光栅的光强分布规律, 并数值分析了其中出现 的缺级现象, 从而使学生对光栅及光栅衍射有一个更深入的了解     

Ge0.05Si0.95/Si异质结单模共面布拉格反射波导光栅的设计与分析

GeSi/Si异质结布拉格反射光栅是硅基光电集成领域一种重要的集成光学器件,分析GeSi/Si异质结的传光特性和布拉格条件,通过求解布拉格光栅方程,得出耦合系数和耦合效率。利用上述原理设计出入射角为66°,波导层的厚度为2μm,光栅长度为4252μm,槽深为0.05μm,光栅周期为0.456μm,滤波带宽为0.214nm,耦合效率为84.1%的1.3μm Ge_0.05Si_0.95/Si异质结单模共面布拉格反射光栅,并用数值模拟了入射光波电场和反射光波电场的分布。     

梯形透过率光栅远场光强分布及光栅方程的解析推导

二值化梯形透过率光栅是一种具有离轴衍射级次的二维光栅,其各衍射点光强信息和位置信息的确定对该新型光栅的实际应用具有重要意义。然而,目前尚无相关解析理论对其进行合理的描述。为了解决上述问题,通过二维傅里叶变换方法获得了该光栅各个衍射级次光强分布的解析表达式,并根据二维光栅的结构特征给出了在透射式和反射式情况下该光栅满足的光栅方程。这为该新型光栅的光线追迹计算打下了理论基础。最后,将解析表达式计算结果与采用X-Lab软件标量衍射模块计算的数值模拟结果进行比较,验证解析理论的正确性。     

光束发散度对紫外写入光纤光栅的影响

用傅里叶衍射光学分析了准分子激光束发散度对于光纤光栅制备的影响，发现光束发散角使光纤光栅的布拉格波长发生改变，相位版后干涉场沿光纤轴向和径向不均匀，对制备30dB高反射率光纤光栅造成困难。实验结果与理论分析基本一致，相对于理想平行光束情况，会聚光束使得光纤光栅布拉格波长出现在短波一边，发射光束使得光纤光栅布拉格波长出现在长波一边。     

单轴晶体包层啁啾光纤光栅中电光效应和弹光效应的理论研究

提出了以单轴晶体材料为包层,光轴平行于光栅主轴(z轴)的新型啁啾光纤光栅模型,应用耦合模理论和传输矩阵方法在理论上分析了该类光纤光栅中的电光效应和弹光效应,理论研究发现在包层施加沿光栅轴向的电场和应变场可以改变布拉格波长和反射谱。得到了3种不同单轴晶体为包层时布拉格波长λB和反射光谱随外加电场和应变场变化的曲线。研究结果表明当轴向外加电场从1×107V/m变化到8×107V/m时λB减小0.12nm,当外加应变场从0变化到0.04时,λB减小0.45nm。     

Analysis of Interdigital Electro-optic Bragg Diffraction Grating

Some integrated optics devices can be made based on the interdigital electro-optic Bragg diffraction grating. The point-matching method is extended to the analysis of interdigital electro-optic Bragg diffraction gratings. This method provides a simple and fast analytic expression of the electric field in the structure. The field distributions are used to calculate the optical and electrical characteristic parameters of the gratings. The effects of finite conductor thickness have been taken into account in the analysis. It is shown that the simulation results agree well with the measured data.     

完整布拉格反射型晶体衍射特性的理论研究

利用x射线衍射动力学理论研究了完整布拉格反射型晶体衍射特性,给出晶体衍射强度分布图,并计算了完整晶体积分反射强度和衍射强度分布半高宽。结果表明:在相同的能量下,不同类型晶体的衍射强度分布不同;在相同的布拉格角条件下,不同类型晶体积分反射强度和衍射强度分布半高宽也不同;当布拉格角大于45°时,晶体的积分反射强度与衍射强度分布的半高宽随着布拉格角的增大而迅速增大。     

Relaxation of the optical density of glass modulated with bichromatic radiation

Exposure of oxide glass to two coherent light beams with different frequencies ω and 2 ω leads to the buildup of spatial index gratings in the glass. The kinetics of the writing and relaxation of the gratings is investigated. Illumination with one beam or a background illumination of the sample accelerates the relaxation process; this acceleration is due to the appreciable photoconductivity of the glass. The diffraction is found to reach a residual self-maintaining level when a grating is illuminated continuously with a beam at the fundamental frequency. The results are analyzed on the basis of a model that includes the coherent photogalvanic current, the accumulation of a grating of nonuniform charges under the action of this current, and the back-effect of the static field, via electrooptic effects, on the propagation of the beams. It is shown that an optical instability of the photoinduced index gratings exists in the glass. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 63, No. 3, 166–170 (10 February 1996)     

Electro-holographic artificial neural networks

A new approach for implementing artificial neural networks (ANNs), based ona novel concept in volume holographic storage-electroholography (EH)-is described. EH is based on the use of paraelectric photorefractive crystals in which the photorefractive mechanism is created in the paraelectric phase. Thus the quadratic electrooptic effect is used to transform the information carrying space charge fields into birefringence gratings, and therefore the diffraction efficiency is governed by an external electric field. This principle enables the construction of a page oriented architecture in which each neuron is implemented as a local electronic circuit, governing the diffraction efficiency of a small volume hologram representing the axon of the neuron. The EH approach is expected to enable the construction of networks with 10⁵−10⁶ neurons, each with 10³−10⁴ synapses.     

X-ray Bragg diffraction on periodic surface gratings

We report on the X-ray Bragg diffraction analysis of periodic surface gratings on (100) GaAs crystals. We show that the X-ray Bragg diffraction is a very powerful method to investigate ultrafine surface gratings and allow us to determine not only the grating period but, in particular, the width of the grooves and to characterize the quality of the sidewalls, which is not easily possible with optical methods. The X-ray diffraction on surface crystal gratings is analogue to the Fraunhofer diffraction of multiple slits or reflection gratings.     

Genetic algorithm-based design method for multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings

We developed a method for the design of multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings based on a genetic algorithm. The method is used to design the multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings based on input data that represent the output from the required grating. The validity of the proposed method was evaluated by designing a multilevel anisotropic diffraction grating using the outputs from an orthogonal circular polarization grating. The design results corresponded to the orthogonal circular polarization grating structures that were used to provide outputs to act as the input data for the process. Comparison with existing design methods shows that the proposed method can reduce the number of human processes that are required to design multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings. Additionally, the method will be able to design complex structures without any requirement for subsequent examination by a human designer. The method can contribute to the development of optical elements by designing multilevel anisotropic diffraction gratings.     

台阶光栅衍射的傅里叶分析

提出了一种台阶光栅模型 ,并应用傅里叶光学方法推导出了反射式衍射光强的表达式。分析计算了衍射光强随台阶数、入射波长、衍射角和轮廓角 (闪耀角 )的变化关系。结果表明 ,台阶光栅能起到闪耀作用 ,台阶对衍射强度分布有影响 ,但不改变衍射光极大值的位置 ,随台阶数的增加 ,能量逐渐向闪耀方向集中。当台阶数等于 8时 ,其衍射效率可接近三角形闪耀光栅的衍射。台阶光栅衍射的傅里叶分析对光栅制作有一定的指导意义     

1维介质光栅近场及其衍射的FDTD分析

 应用FDTD方法计算了单色平面波斜入射时1维介质光栅的近场，进而求出介质光栅的衍射效率。借助于周期边界条件，整个计算区域为周期结构的一个单元。考虑入射波在两种介质界面上会产生反射和透射，故在总场边界上引入入射波、反射波和透射波。给出了光栅单元截面为矩形和梯形的算例。该方法可用于斜入射情形下具有复杂结构和任意单元截面的介质栅近场及其衍射特性分析。     

Producing binary diffraction gratings in the double-diffraction system

In this paper, a method — based on the diffraction of light — for producing binary diffraction gratings is presented. It is shown that using two master gratings of the Ronchi type and utilizing the results of the double diffraction system it is possible to produce binary gratings with an arbitrary opening ratio. The results have been extended for a two-dimensional case and it is shown that producing binary grid gratings with arbitrary opening ratios in both x and y directions is also possible.     

高衍射效率亚波长结构Dammann光栅的设计

传统的Dammann光栅是基于标量衍射理论设计的二值相位等光强分束器件，其衍射效率的典型值为80%左右.基于严格耦合波分析理论和遗传算法，提出了一种设计亚波长结构Dammann光栅的新方法，且该新型二值相位光栅具有较高的衍射效率.同时利用自编的仿真程序包设计了多个光栅，并分析了制作误差对其衍射效率和光强均匀性的影响.仿真结果表明，用该方法所设计的Dammann光栅的衍射效率超过92%.