~(12)C~(6+)离子束辐照紫苏干种子当代效应

利用兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL)提供的12C6+离子束辐照紫苏干种子(辐照剂量为40,80和120Gy,剂量率4Gy/min),探讨了重离子束辐照对紫苏M1代的生物学效应。结果发现,经不同剂量的12C6+离子束辐照后,紫苏种子的发芽率、发芽势、存活率、株高、分枝数、单株产量和千粒重等生物学性状均发生了变化,其中发芽势、单株产量和千粒重随辐照剂量的提高而降低,且有明显的剂量效应关系,但发芽率、大田成活率、株高和分枝数却随辐照剂量的增大,呈现出明显的"抛物线"趋势;紫苏幼苗根尖细胞的微核率和染色体畸变率随辐照剂量增加呈线性增加关系。这表明:12C6+重离子束辐照紫苏种子,具有明显的当代损伤效应,在本试验剂量范围内,低剂量辐照对发芽率和成活率有促进作用。     

12C6+离子辐照对4种农作物种子出苗率

以能量为80 MeV/u的12C6+离子为诱变源辐照油菜、 胡麻、 大葱和兵豆的干种子后, 研究了不同剂量处理对4种农作物M1和M2代种子出苗率及幼苗生长的影响。 实验结果表明: 重离子所导致的M1代生物学效应因不同的物种而表现出一定的差异, 适当剂量C离子辐照促进了油菜和胡麻M1代出苗率和幼苗的生长; 而不同剂量的C离子辐照抑制了大葱的出苗率和幼苗的生长; 兵豆3个剂量下的出苗率和对照相差很小, 但90 Gy辐照有利于其生长。 到了M2代, 4种作物辐照组的发芽率都低于各自的对照组; 30 Gy剂量下的油菜、 胡麻和兵豆长势最好; 大葱依然是对照的长势最好。 Crops of Brassica napus L., Linum usitatissmum L., Allium fistulosum L. and Lens culinaris Medic. were irradiated by 80 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams with doses of 30, 90 and 180 Gy. The germination rates and heights of seedlings of M1 and M2 generation of these four plants were studied. The results indicated that germination rates and average heights of the B. napus and L. usitatissmum were improved by appropriate dose treatment, while great suppression was found in the irradiated groups of the A. fistulosum. As far as the L. Culinaris was concerned, little differences was observed on M1 germination rate, but the 90 Gy irradiation was favorable to growth of plant. The treatments with 30, 90 and 180 Gy were inferior to contrast one on M2 germination rate of the four species. Seedlings of M2 generation of the B. napus, L. sitatissmum and L. culinaris under 30 Gy grew better than the other groups, while the best performance of the A. fistulosum was shown by the control group.     

12C6+离子束辐照菘蓝干种子当代效应

利用兰州重离子研究装置(HIRFL) 提供的12C6+ 离子束辐照菘蓝干种子(辐照剂量为10,35,60,90 和140 Gy,剂量率20 Gy/min),探讨了重离子束辐照对菘蓝M1代的生物学效应。研究发现,不同剂量的12C6+ 离子束辐照后,菘蓝种子的发芽率、成苗率、株高、根长和根冠比等生物学性状以及对菘蓝中靛玉红和4(3H) 喹唑酮含量均发生了变化,其中株高和根长随辐照剂量的增加而降低;菘蓝叶和根中的4(3H) 喹唑酮和靛玉红的含量随辐照剂量增加呈马鞍形增加关系。这表明:12C6+ 重离子束辐照菘蓝种子具有明显的当代损伤效应, 并可显著提高菘蓝中靛玉红和4(3H) 喹唑酮的含量,其辐照适宜诱变剂量为35 Gy。To investigate the M1 biological effects of heavy ions on Isatis indigotica Fort, its dry seeds were irradiated by 12C6+ beam with the dose of 0, 10, 35, 60, 90 and 140 Gy respectively,at the rate of 20 Gy/min delivered by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The results showed that biological characters such as germinating rate, germinating potential, survival rate, plant height, root height and root-shoot ratio were changed after irradiation. Moreover, the plant height and root height decreased in a dos dependent manner. The indirubin and 4(3H) quinazolinone content of Isatis indigotica Fort was improved and exhibited obviously “saddle” trends with irradiation dose increasing.Data suggest that exposure with low-dose 12C6+ to seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort has obvious injury effects at the first generation, and the active ingredient content of Isatis indigotica Fort may be improved by carbon ion beamirradiation. It is concluded that the suitable irradiation dose of mutation breeding is 35 Gy for the seeds of Isatis indigotica Fort.     

12C6+离子束辐照黄花蒿干种子当代生物学效应

利用12C6+重离子束对黄花蒿干种子辐照后,利用发芽率、根长、下胚轴长和株高4个指标研究不同剂量12C6+离子束辐照对黄花蒿的生物学效应。结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,黄花蒿的存活率和根长都呈现逐渐降低的趋势,而下胚轴长先上升后下降,株高总体呈现下降的趋势,但在60和90 Gy同时存在矮化与增高的植株。利用SRAP （sequence related amplified polymorphism）技术对辐照后M1代的黄花蒿植株进行研究,结果表明对照组和处理组之间的差异体现为特异性条带的变化。综合分析表明,12C6+的重离子辐照黄花蒿干种子可以产生显著的当代损伤效应,同时引起植物DNA的多态性变化。     

~(12)C~(6+)离子束与电子束辐照对薰衣草当代诱变效应的比较

采用100 MeV的~(12)C~(6+)离子束和1.2 MeV的电子束辐照薰衣草干种子,研究了2个品种的薰衣草干种子对不同辐射源的辐照生物学效应,以期找到薰衣草干种子的最佳诱变参数。结果表明:不论是薰衣草701还是702,经~(12)C~(6+)离子辐照后,其发芽率表现为先增大后减小的趋势;经电子束辐照后,发芽率随着剂量的升高而降低,电子束辐照后的发芽率要低于~(12)C~(6+)离子束。另外,2个品种的薰衣草经~(12)C~+离子辐照后,其胚轴胚根长度以及幼苗鲜重也较电子束辐照后的大。由此可知,重离子的辐照效果优于电子束的,有利于后期筛选出新的薰衣草突变株。     

12C6+离子束辐照番茄种子当代效应

利用辐射能量为80 MeV/u 的12C6+重离子束辐照番茄种子, 辐照剂量分别为30, 60, 90, 120和160 Gy研究其对番茄M1代的生物学效应。结果表明, 随着辐照剂量的增大, 番茄的发芽率和成苗率降低, 且成苗率明显低于发芽率, 发现辐照损伤主要抑制了根的生长; MDA和脯氨酸含量变化的总体趋势为随着辐照剂量的增大先升后降再升高, 说明高剂量C离子辐照对生物膜造成更严重的损伤; APX活性随着辐照剂量的增大呈先升后降再升高的趋势, 表明APX在清除活性氧中起主要作用; POD和SOD活性的总体趋势是随着辐照剂量的增大而降低, 且明显低于对照组。综合分析表明, 12C6+重离子束辐照番茄种子, 对M1代具有明显的损伤效应, 高剂量辐照对番茄种子造成的损伤更大, 使酶的活性降低, 抑制植株生长。 To investigate the M1 biological effects of heavy ions irradiation on Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., its seeds were irradiated by 12C6+heavy ions (80 MeV/u) with the dosages of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 160 Gy respectively . The results showed that with doses increased gradually, germination rate and seedling rate of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were decreased, and the latter was lower than the former, mainly due to the inhibition of root growth. The irradiation increased the content of MDA and proline evidently, showing irradiation could damage biomembrane, and also decreased the activities of POD and SOD with distinct inhibition pattern. However, the low dose and high dose irradiation promoted APX activity, illustrating APX was induced to protect irradiation injury. In brief, exposure to 12C6+ heavy ions had obvious injury effects on the seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.. Heavy ions irradiation damaged biomembrane, inhibited activities of enzymes, and finally inhibited the growth of the first generation of these seeds.     

~(12)C~(6+)离子辐照对苜蓿M1代低温胁迫存活率、过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活性的影响

研究了不同剂量12C6+离子辐照对中兰1号、BC-04-477、塔城3种苜蓿M1代个体在低温胁迫下存活率、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。在辐照剂量为400 Gy时,中兰1号低温胁迫组存活率、CAT活性比未辐照的对照分别提高了33.3%,56.3%,POD活性与未辐照的对照无差异;在辐照剂量为400 Gy时,BC-04-477低温胁迫组存活率、CAT及POD活性比未辐照的对照组分别提高了33.3%,69.2%,5.1%;塔城在辐照剂量为800 Gy时,低温胁迫组的存活率、CAT及POD活性比未辐照的对照组分别提高了25%,26%,22.8%。以上结果表明,12C6+离子辐照可以提高中兰1号、BC-04-477、塔城的低温环境的存活能力,提高苜蓿抗寒性能。     

阿佛曼链霉菌的~(12)C离子辐照效应及高产菌株选育

选用12C6+离子辐照诱变阿维菌素B1a产生菌ZJAV-A1,研究其诱变效应。实验结果表明,12C6+离子辐照剂量50Gy时致死率97%,正突变率最高可达到34.2%。通过12C6+离子诱变处理,结合平板培养基及斜面培养基的正突变菌株筛选,最终获得一株稳定性良好,阿维菌素B1a组分产量稳定在4460—4588μg/ml之间,较出发菌株提高11.1%—14.7%的突变株ZJAV-Y1-203。     

12C6+离子对阿维链霉菌累进辐照诱变效应研究

选用12C6+ 离子束对阿维链霉菌诱变选育高产菌株与原始菌株进行辐照诱变, 研究其累进辐照效应。实验结果表明,在辐照剂量为10 Gy时, 原始菌株比诱变高产菌株存活率高, 抗辐射能力强;辐照剂量高于30 Gy时,诱变高产菌株比原始菌株存活率高, 抗辐射能力强。原始菌株正突变率最高的辐照剂量为50 Gy, 致死率99.43%,正突变率最高, 达34.2%;对诱变高产菌株辐照剂量为30 Gy,致死率94.97%,正突变率最高, 达23.5% 。累进辐照效应降低了最佳辐照剂量。 Mutagenic effect on the mutant high producing strain ZJAV Y1 203 and the original strain ZJAV A1 irradiated by ion beam of 12C6+ have been investigated. The experimental results indicated that the original strain has higher survival rate and stronger resistance to radiation than mutant high producing Strain at dose of 10 Gy. The mutant high producing strain has higher survival rate and stronger resistance to radiation than the original strain at the dose higher than 30 Gy. The lethality was 97% and the highest rate of orthomutation was 34.2%, when ZJAV A1 was irradiated by 50 Gy 12C6+ beam. The lethality was 94.97% and the highest rate of orthomutation was 23.5% when ZJAV Y1 203 was irradiated by 30 Gy 12C6+ beam. The best radiation dose is decreased by progressivity irradiation.     

12C6+束辐照引起的实验猪皮肤急性损伤反应的研究

探讨了正常皮肤对重离子辐照急性损伤反应的耐受性, 为重离子治癌临床应用提供安全性检测的实验依据。实验前10 min, 实验猪肌肉注射复方氯胺酮1.2 mg/kg进行麻醉, 然后在兰州重离子研究装置（HIRFL）辐照终端利用12C6+束照射, 辐照剂量分别为0, 12, 21和27 Gy, 辐照分3次完成, 剂量率约为1.2 Gy/min, Bragg峰区照射, 辐照后每隔7 d对照射野拍照并活检取样, 做HE组织病理学观察。不同剂量12C6+离子束辐照实验猪皮肤后, 皮肤外观反应随辐照剂量增大而加快, 表现为肿胀和色素沉积等; 皮肤组织结构的变化明显, 上皮细胞排列紊乱、 萎缩、 空泡变性; 基本恢复正常所需时间也越长, 且都存在明显的剂量效应关系。结果表明, 辐照剂量范围为0—27 Gy时, 重离子对正常皮肤的辐照是安全的。The tolerance of the normal skin to the acute radiation injury reaction induced by heavy ion beams has been studied experimentally. The experimental pigs were injected with 1.2 mg/kg ketamine in 10 min before irradiation and were irradiated with 0, 12 , 21 and 27 Gy 12C6+ ion at a dose rate of 1.2 Gy/min at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou（HIRFL）. The total radiation dose was finished by 3 times at Bragg Peak Region of Heavy Ion Beams.The radiation fields of skin were taken photo and performed biopsy. The contaneous tissues of radiation fields were stained by HE and examined histopatholo gical changes every seven days after irradiation. The results indicated that the cutaneous appearance reaction became more faster with radiation dosage rising and presented with swollen, melanin forming and so on after irradiated by the carbon ions at different dosage. The Pathological examination showed noticeable changes in histological and structural of experimental pigs skin, such as atrophy, vacuolation, denaturation and arranged irregularly in epithelial cells. Furthermore, the time for return to normality became longer with the increasing of radiation dosage. All indexes demonstrated correlation between the does and effects. It is concluded that the irradiation of heavy ion beams to normal skin is security when the radiation dose range is about 0—27 Gy.     

辐照诱导的人正常肝细胞系HL-7702细胞延迟效应

利用X射线辐照人正常肝细胞系HL-7702细胞, 运用胞质分离阻滞微核法实验检测细胞微核率,AnnexinV FITC细胞凋亡检测试剂盒检测细胞凋亡率, 细胞微核率和凋亡率随着辐照剂量的增加而显著增加。X射线照射后细胞传代培养, 第7代时不同剂量辐照后子代细胞微核率和凋亡率同未辐照细胞相比已无明显区别。 对不同剂量辐照后传代7代的细胞再次照射2.5 Gy的相同剂量,发现它们细胞微核率和凋亡率存在明显差异,即初次受辐照剂量高的细胞, 再次以相同剂量辐照后的微核率和凋亡率也高. 这些结果表明,X射线辐照导致了HL-7702细胞基因组不稳定性这一辐射延迟效应,再次辐照使得辐射的延迟效应得以明显的表现。 Human normal liver cell line HL-7702 cells were irradiated with different doses of X rays. Micronucleus and apoptosis rates in the irradiated cells were measured with cytokinesis block micronucleus method and Annexin V FITC apoptosis detection kit, respectively. Experimental data showed that the micronucleus and apoptosis rates increased obviously with increasing irradiation dose. After seven population doublings, the micronucleus and apoptosis rates of the cells surviving exposure to the X rays reduced to the same levels as non irradiated control cells; the progenies of the cells were secondly exposed to X rays at the same dose of 2.5 Gy. We found that the progenies of the cells surviving the first irradiations of the various doses showed markedly differential micronucleus frequencies and apoptotic rates. Although the same dose of 2.5 Gy was applied in the second irradiations, the micronucleus frequencies and apoptotic rates of the progenies of the cells initially exposed at higher doses were significantly higher than the others. These results indicate that X rays lead to genomic instability in HL 7702 cells, which is an important manifestation of radiation induced delayed effect, and a second radiation stimulus makes the delayed effect in the progeny of the previously irradiated cells be expressed obviously.     

不同剂量重离子辐照玉米自交系的生物学效应比较

用12C6+和 36Ar18+离子束分别辐照玉米自交系干种子和浸泡种子, 研究了M1—M3代重离子束辐照的生物学效应。 结果表明: 种子发芽势和发芽率随辐照剂量的增加而下降, 不同生理状态的种子对重离子辐照的敏感性也不同。 一般12C6+ 离子辐照干种子的适宜剂量为20—25 Gy; M1代叶型发生明显的变化, M2代植株在株高、穗位、单株穗数、雄穗花药颜色、粒质、穗行数、粒重和抗性等方面均发生了变化, 并产生了许多有益的变异,包括株高和穗位降低、同位多穗、穗行数和粒重增加、粒质由粉质变为硬粒以及抗锈病和红叶病的植株等, 有益突变的频率达7.0％—17.9％;在M3代出现能够稳定遗传的,并且光合效率增加的有益突变株。由此可见,重离子束辐照是玉米种质改良的一种高效手段。 In order to study biological effects of heavy ion irradiation on maize inbred lines, the agronomic traits and photosynthetic rates were investigated from M1 to M3 of maize seeds irradiated with 12C6+ and 36Ar18+ ions．The results showed that the germination rate and planting percent of maize seeds irradiated were decrease as dosage increasing of heavy ion irradiation. Different physiological status of seeds had disparate sensibility to heavy-ion irradiation and the suitable dosage of 12C6+ ion irradiation was 20—25 Gy for dry maize seeds. The leaf type of the plant happened visible changes in M1 generation. The plant height, spike position, spike number per plant, anther color of staminate,grain texture,spike row,grain weight and resistance had changes in M2 generation. Among them occurred some beneficial mutations that include degrading of plant height and spike position height, multi spike at same position in the plant, increasing of pike row and grain change of grain texture from powder seed to hard seed,resistance to rust disease and red leaf disease and so on. The frequency of beneficial mutation was 7.0％—17.9％. Those beneficial mutations could be stably inherited and mutant plants with high photosynthetic efficiency emerged in M3 generation. The study above showed that heavy ion irradiation is a high performance means for improvement germplasm of maize.     

低能N离子注入对蚕豆根尖细胞的诱变效应

为了研究低能N离子束的细胞遗传学效应, 以不同剂量的N离子束对蚕豆种子的种胚进行辐照, 观察分析根尖细胞的微核率、 有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变效应。 研究发现, 离子束的注入抑制了根尖细胞的有丝分裂, 干扰了正常的有丝分裂过程, 引发了染色体的结构、 行为和数目畸变; 随着离子注入剂量的增加, 微核率增加、 有丝分裂指数降低、 染色体畸变率增加。 In order to study the cytogenetic effects of low energy nitrogen ion irradiation, broad bean seed embryo was irradiated by different doses of nitrogen ions. Micronucleus rate, mitotic index and chromosome aberration in root tip cells were analyzed. The results showed that the injection of ions inhibited mitosis of root tip cells, interfered the normal process of mitosis, caused aberrations of chromosome structure, behavior and number. The frequency of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations increased with the increasing radiation dosage, while mitotic index decreased.     

γ射线对A172胶质瘤细胞的生物学效应

以不同剂量照射后的细胞存活率、 微核率和微核细胞率作为生物学终点, 研究了γ射线对A172细胞的生物学效应. 结果表明: 细胞存活率与剂量之间满足回归方程lgY=-0.064 27X+1.833 54, 其回归系数r=-0.988 6, P<0.01. 剂量为1 Gy时微核率和微核细胞率达到最大值, 此时的微核率为（66.75±3.564）%, 微核细胞率为（53.9±0.784 9）%, 微核率和微核细胞率均随着剂量的增大先增大后减小, 并分别维持在42%和37%左右. To study the biological effectiveness in A172 glioma cells induced by γ ray irradiation, the survival fraction and the micronucleus frequency of A172 cells was measured. The result showed that the survival fraction was negatively correlated to the radiation dose. At 1.0 Gy, the micronucleus frequency peaked about (66.75±3.564)%, and the frequency of micronucleus cells peaked about (53.9 ±0.784 9)%. As the radiation dose increasing, the micronucleus frequency and the frequency of micronucleus cells decreased and finally kept steady about 42% and 37%, respectively.