改善共焦系统轴向分辨率的位相型光瞳滤波器

利用约束全局优化算法———CGO算法,设计了两种用于共焦系统的三区位相型光瞳滤波器.第一种滤波器在不改变系统的横向分辨率的同时,可以大幅度地提高轴向分辨率,提高了系统的层析能力.第二种滤波器在提高系统轴向分辨率的同时,又能提高其横向分辨率,适用于系统的三维成像. 关键词： CGO算法 光瞳滤波器 超分辨     

非对称三区光瞳滤波器实现一维横向超分辨

基于严格的光学成像矢量衍射理论,以4倍缩小倍率的成像系统和x线偏振光照明为例,得到经光瞳滤波器调制的大数值孔径光学系统焦区横向场表达式.通过详细研究非对称三区复振幅型光瞳滤波器的内外环归一化半径、各环相位分布和第一层透过率t对y方向分辨率增益比Gty,斯特尔比Sy和第一旁瓣与主瓣相对强度Iry的影响.设计了一种非对称三区相位型光瞳滤波器,实现Gty=0.8345,Sy=0.4087,Iry=0.4923,使得y方向分辨率比没有加光瞳滤波器时提高了将近20%.     

三环位相型光瞳滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向焦深扩展

用矢量衍射方法分析了线偏振光入射到带有三环位相型光瞳滤波器的高数值孔径物镜时,焦点的轴向和横向光强分布.数值模拟结果表明,高数值孔径物镜聚焦时需同时考虑光强的轴向和横向分布.通过加入三环位相光瞳滤波器,在实现横向超分辨的同时实现了光学系统轴向焦深扩展和轴向光强分布平坦化,并且位相调制深度变化时,会出现轴向焦移现象.对三环位相光瞳滤波器结构进行了优化,得出了优化结果. 关键词： 光学超分辨 扩展焦深 位相型光瞳滤波器 矢量衍射方法     

Effect of an annular pupil filter on differential confocal microscopy

Combining differential confocal microscopy and an annular pupil filter, we obtained the normalized axial intensity distribution curve of an optical system. We used the sharp slopes of the axial response curve of the optical system to measure the surface profile of a reflection grating. Experimental results prove that this method can extend the axial dynamic range and improve the transverse resolution of three-dimensional profilometry by sacrificing axial resolution.     

Adaptive optics interferometer using superspeckles for high resolution deformation measurement

Digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) is a well-known technique for measuring deformations, but it is limited in range by speckle decorrelation. We developed an adaptive interferometer with increased measurement range by combining the DSPI set-up with a pupil filter that generates optical superresolution. As a result, a decrease in the transverse speckle size is observed accompanied with a substantial increase in the longitudinal speckle size. The increase in the speckle correlation length along the optical axis allows for obtaining an out-of-plane deformation measurement over a significantly extended depth. An experimental verification of this concept of superspeckles is presented with an intensity-only LCD spatial light modulator (SLM) acting as a pupil filter. Comparison of speckle correlation fringes with and without the superresolution filter confirms the proposed concept. The present work demonstrates a doubling of the measurement range when using the superresolution interferometer. A standard set-up in which the speckle length is comparably elongated by stopping down the lens has a similar loss of intensity, but its lateral resolution is only half as good.     

Transverse superresolution and focal shift with rotational tunable phase mask

This paper reports the imaging characteristics of an optical system can be modified by our designed polarization pupil mask. The novel rotational symmetric polarization pupil mask design based on combination of half-wave and quarter-wave plates is introduced for realizing the focal shift and extending focal depth of an optical system and the procedure for designing is presented. Numerical results show when an appropriate rotational symmetric polarization pupil mask is used as an apodizer in the optical imaging system, it not only can effectively achieve the continuously focal shift in a small range and extend focal depth of the optimized system, but also can evidently increase the transverse resolution of the optimized system at the genuine focal plane.     

A study of the optical transfer function for annular binary filters

The annular binary pupil filters consist of two transparent annuli obstructed by an annular mask. The optical transfer functions for them are analytically derived under paraxial approximation, and three- and two- as well as one-dimensional numerical plots are presented. It is shown that by changing the parameters of transparent regions it is possible to improve the axial resolution whilst the transverse resolution remains unchanged, compared with an annular lens. Results indicate, as is well known, that this kind of filters can be applied to three-dimensional confocal microscopy.     

用于高数值孔径物镜的可调光瞳滤波器

根据矢量衍射理论，提出了一种用于提高高数值孔径显微物镜纵向分辨率的可调二元环形光瞳滤波器，通过改变滤波器的环半径获得不同的纵向分辨率，并利用共焦显微术点扩散函数的乘积性大大地降低了旁瓣相对主瓣的比值。模拟结果表明，这种新型滤波器不仅可以提高高数值孔径物镜的纵向分辨率，同时基本上不影响横向分辨率。     

可调谐位相型光瞳滤波器的横向光学超分辨和轴向扩展焦深

为克服传统光瞳滤波器的缺点,实现系统光学超分辨性能的可调谐性,设计了一种新型可调谐的位相型光瞳滤波器.该光瞳滤波器包括两个λ/4波片和置于其间的λ/2波片,其中λ/2波片分为两个可作相对旋转的区域.研究结果表明,通过旋转λ/2波片的任意一区域不仅可以实现系统横向光学超分辨能力的可调性,而且可以在横向分辨能力提高的同时实现光学系统轴向焦深的扩展以及轴向焦移. 关键词： 光学超分辨 位相型光瞳滤波器 可调谐     

可调谐位相型光瞳滤波器的横向光学超分辨和轴向扩展焦深

为克服传统光瞳滤波器的缺点，实现系统光学超分辨性能的可调谐性，设计了一种新型可调谐的位相型光瞳滤波器.该光瞳滤波器包括两个λ/4波片和置于其间的λ/2波片，其中λ/2波片分为两个可作相对旋转的区域.研究结果表明，通过旋转λ/2波片的任意一区域不仅可以实现系统横向光学超分辨能力的可调性，而且可以在横向分辨能力提高的同时实现光学系统轴向焦深的扩展以及轴向焦移.     

复振幅光瞳滤波器的三维超分辨性能研究

超分辨技术中现有的纯振幅型或纯相位型光瞳滤波器,大部分只能实现轴向或横向超分辨而不能实现三维超分辨,三维超分辨在三维成像系统中有着重要的作用。因此为提高成像系统中的三维分辨能力,设计了一种复振幅光瞳滤波器,并对其三维超分辨性能进行了研究。详细分析了该光瞳滤波器的第一区半径和透射率对施特雷尔比、轴向和横向超分辨因子以及旁瓣能量的影响。通过一系列的模拟证明,借助于复振幅光瞳滤波器可以实现三维超分辨。该滤波器的优点是容易实现三维超分辨,且有比较高的施特雷尔比,缺点是三维超分辨的实现总是伴随着旁瓣能量的增加,但可以采用共焦扫描成像系统来加以抑制。     

Transverse superresolution with the radial continuous transmittance filter

The radial continuous transmittance filter is presented to realize transverse superresolution. It consists of two parallel polarizers and a radial birefringent element sandwiched between of them. By adjusting the angle between optical axis of the radial birefringent element and the polarization direction of the polarizers, transverse superresolution can be realized. But transverse superresolution is obtained at the cost of the axial resolution and the increase of the side-lobes in strength. So we then mend such filter, with it not only enhance the transverse resolution but also suppress the influence of the side-lobes and the reduction of the axial resolution. At the same time, the Strehl ratio increases. The advantage of such a filter used in superresolution technique is that it is easy to fabricate because its fabrication does not deal with the variation of the phase.     

三区振幅型三维超分辨光瞳滤波器的优化设计

光瞳滤波器是光学成像系统实现超分辨的基本元件之一，多数三维超分辨滤波器因结构复杂而难于实现。用MATLAB优化工具箱，采用非线性规划，对三区振幅型（1-0—1型）光瞳滤波器进行了三维超分辨优化设计。建立了优化模型，并给出了优化实例。结果表明所设计的滤波器较好地实现了横向和轴向三维超分辨，且轴向超分辨能力优于横向。该滤波器结构简单，容易实现。     

基于PIV评价的光瞳超分辨理论与技术

随着成像探测技术的发展，对光学系统的分辨能力提出了更高的要求，用传统的光学理论需增大光学系统口径才能满足要求，在对尺寸，重量和价格有限制的实际系统中往往很难实现。基于瑞利判据作为ＰＩＶ指标的光瞳超分辨技术，可以在不增加光学系统口径的条件下提高系统分辨率，由于本技术可以用光瞳滤波器的形式以硬件实现，成像探测过程不必增加额外的工作时间，在理论分析的基础上，设计了实际的超分辨光瞳，并给出了计算机模拟和实     

Two-zone pupil filters

The performance of pupil filters consisting of two zones each of constant complex amplitude transmittance is investigated. For filters where the transmittance is real, different classes of potentially useful filter are identified and optimized. These include leaky filters with an inner zone of low amplitude transmittance, pure phase filters with phase change of π, and equal area filters. The first of these minimizes the relative power in the outer rings for a given axial resolution, the second maximizes the Strehl ratio for a given transverse resolution, and the third minimizes the relative power in the outer rings for a given transverse resolution. Complex filters can give an axially shifted maximum in intensity: the performance parameters calculated relative to the true focus are investigated for some different classes of filter, but filters with phase change not equal to π are found to give inferior performance to the real value filters.     

电控径向双折射滤波器的横向超分辨与轴向扩展焦深

提出利用电控径向双折射光瞳滤波器实现横向超分辨性能参量的调制与轴向扩展焦深。该光瞳滤波器由两个平行偏光镜,一个电光晶体与一个径向对称双折射晶体组成。分析了电光晶体与径向双折射元件对光偏振态的空间调制作用,通过控制电光晶体的相位延迟实现径向中心处初始偏振态的控制,与径向双折射元件横向偏振态调制结合,实现了庞加莱球上偏振态演变路径与阶段的控制,从而对焦点附近偏振态进行空间调制以实现光强的重新分布。研究结果表明,外加电场调制可以实现横向上超分辨性能的调控以及轴向上焦深的扩展,并可得到相应的电光相位延迟范围。     

利用变迹术和相干门相结合实现光学相干层析成像术轴向超分辨

光学相十层析成像（光学相干层析成像术）的轴向分辨力由光源带宽和探测光束的聚焦条件共同决定。提高光学相干层析成像术轴向分辨力的方法主要基于带宽光源技术。提出了一种将变迹术与光学相十层析成像术相干门有机结合的方法来提高其轴向分辨力。通过适当形式的光瞳滤波器．使光学相干层析成像术系统轴向响应的主瓣宽度缩小到相干门之内,而其旁瓣则处于相干门之外．不对相干成像产生有效贡献。这样．就能在光源带宽不变的条件下,有效提高光学相十层析成像术的轴向分辨力,避免了采用宽带光源所带来的费用昂贵和系统复杂等缺陷。     

三区位相型三维超分辨光瞳滤波器的优化设计

用Matlab优化工具箱,采用非线性规划,对三区位相型(π-0-π型)光瞳滤波器进行了优化设计。结果显示,所设计的滤波器较好地实现了横向和轴向的三维超分辨,且轴向超分辨能力优于横向。该滤波器结构简单,容易实现。     

单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器

提出了一种基于单轴晶体制作的相位型光瞳滤波器,与普通的相位型光瞳滤波器相比较,单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器不仅制作简单,而且相位差有一定的可调节性。与液晶制作的相位型光瞳滤波器相比较,虽然单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器的可调节性不如液晶相位型光瞳滤波器,但是单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器成本低,而且也不会对光的衰减过大。单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器可以实现对焦斑分布的连续调节。通过理论分析和数值计算,论证了单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器的可行性,并且具体设计了两区型的单轴晶体相位型光瞳滤波器。     

正弦变化的振幅型光瞳滤波器

光瞳滤波器作为实现超分辨的基本元件之一,它的设计以及制作都非常重要。设计了一种正弦变化的振幅型光瞳滤波器,可以通过调节少量的参量实现各种不同的超分辨模式。选择正弦函数的周期以及光瞳中心点透过率变化两个参量来实现对最终超分辨效果的调节。数值计算结果表明：在整个人射光瞳上的透过率瞳函数分布具有0．5～2个正弦振幅周期时,较为合适。小于0．5个周期将不会有任何超分辨效果,大于2个周期超分辨效果反而变差。数值计算中还注意到,当周期数为整数时,斯特雷尔比将保持0．25不变。对正弦变化振幅型光瞳滤波器的计算结果,显示了其特殊的性质,对实际中制作正弦变化振幅型光瞳滤波器有一定的指导作用。