均分散氯化氧铋胶体粒子制备

近年来均分散体系发展很快,在催化剂、功能陶瓷、传感器、超导体、涂料以及医药和化妆品等方面都有广泛的应用.Matijevic 等人曾对均分散体系制备作过系统研究,关键在于有效地控制晶核生长速率.我们曾对均分散体系制备作过多种研究.本文研制的BiOCl 均分散粒子可作为医药、化妆品方面的增白收敛剂、精细陶瓷的原料等.本工作是利用铋盐水解生成碱式铋盐沉淀.因此利用控制酸度抑制水解.水解时加入其它物质使其有效地控制品核生长.在水解过程中,我们加入烷基苯磺酸和硫酸钠来改变固液之间的界面性质,有利于晶核一次性生长和晶核稳定生成.     

均分散氧化钛粒子的制备研究

用升温水解法制备了组成为TiO2的球形和椭球形均分散粒子。系统地研究了制备条件对粒子大小和形状的影响,用电子显微镜和红外光谱对粒子的形态和组成进行了分析。跟踪测定了均分散粒子形成过程中体系电导率的变化,探讨了均分散粒子的形成机制。     

均分散胶体的研究——Ⅲ.均分散Fe_2O_3粒子的制备

Fe(Ⅲ)盐水溶液受热后发生水解: Fe~(3+)+2H_2O=FeOOH↓+3H~+ (1)FeOOH有进一步转变成氧化物的趋势: 2FeOOH=Fe_2O_3↓+H_2O (2)虽然通常所得沉淀粒子的形状及大小都是不规则的,但是在严格控制的条件下,有可能制备由形状相同、尺寸分布很窄的粒子组成的均分散体系。已经预见到各种均分散粒子将会在许多新技术领域中获得重要的应用,但严格的制备条件目前限制着均分散粒子的大量制备。张玉亭等曾在无防尘设备的条件下制出了球形α-Fe_2O_3均分散粒子。本文报导在普通的     

沸腾回流强迫水解法制备均分散α—Fe2O3超微粒水溶胶

Matijevic等曾报道在密闭静态环境下强迫水解酸化的铁盐溶液制备出几种形状单一的微米或亚微米级的均匀α-Fe_2O_3或β-FeOOH胶体粒子。类似的工作国内亦有报道。如粒子尺寸减小到纳米量级,则体系兼有表面效应、体积效应和特殊的光学性质。我们尝试用强迫水解法制备粒径几十纳米的球形或立方形的α-Fe_2O_3均分散胶体粒子,结果获得成功。     

均分散氧化铜胶体粒子制备的研究

近年来,对均分散体系即分散相粒子大小形状均一体系的研究有了飞速发展.本文报道用几种铜盐制备均匀的氧化铜胶体微粒所需的条件,并对胶体粒子生成过程进行了探讨. 1 实验部分 1.1试剂与仪器 所有药品均为分析纯,水是二次蒸馏水,所配制的溶液都经4号玻璃砂漏斗过滤后使用.JEOL型电镜为日本电气公司产品.     

均分散体系及其应用

一、概况均分散体系是指分散相的粒子大小、形状均相同的分散体系。在自然界存在的有:蛋白质、细菌等。还有一些人工制备的,像:胶束、微乳液等。这里所介绍的是固相分散在液相中的分散体系。为什么均分散体系这样引人注目     

Takiyama法制备均分散碳酸钡粒子

Ｔａｋｉｙａｍａ法制备均分散碳酸钡粒子王世权，王泽新，伍世英，陈宗淇（青岛化工学院应用化学系，青岛，２６６０４２）关键词均分散料子，碳酸钡，Ｔａｋｉｙａｍａ法均分散体系的制备是近年来胶体化学领域中深受重视的研究课题，由于均分散体系的粒子形状相同、尺寸...     

均分散胶体的研究(Ⅳ)——钛酸锶均分散粒子的制备

烧制电子陶瓷用的SrTiO_3粉料不仅要求纯度高,而且对粒子的尺寸及均匀性也有严格要求。目前虽可用喷雾沉淀等方法制得尺寸为微米级的SrTiO_3粒子,但其形状与尺寸很不规整。用通常的均分散体系制备方法曾制得均分散BaTiO_3粒子,但由于制备溶液的浓度太低,难以实现工业化。其实,反应溶液浓度低、反应时间长、控制条件严格是大规模制备均分散粒子的共同弱点。本工作提出了一种简便、快速制备均分散SrTiO_3粒子的方法,有望实现均分散粒子制备的工业化。     

亲油性硫化锰纳米微粒的化学制备和结构

采用表面修饰的方法,在醇水体系中制备了双十八烷基二硫代磷酸（DDP）表面修饰的硫化锰（MnS）纳米微粒,用XPS、FTIR、TGA、TEM和HREM等技术对用表面修饰法得到的MnS纳米微粒的结构、化学稳定性和热稳定性进行研究,结果表明：表面修饰得到的MnS纳米微粒有较好的化学稳定性和热稳定性,并且微粒的分散件好、不团聚,制备出的MnS纳米晶核具有γ－MnS的晶型结构。     

基于碳酸钙模板的特殊形状层层组装微胶囊的制备

以Na_2CO_3和CaCl_2为原料,聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐(PAH)为添加剂,通过磁力搅拌和超声混合的方式分别制备了两面凸碟形仿血小板形状和纺锤形的碳酸钙微粒.仿血小板形状的碳酸钙微粒为球霰石晶相,而纺锤形碳酸钙微粒为文石晶相.模板微粒中均掺杂了少量PAH.溶液混合方式和PAH添加剂的协同作用导致了特殊形状碳酸钙微粒的形成.以这2种粒子为模板通过层层组装技术分别制备了仿血小板形状和纺锤形微胶囊.得到的微胶囊能够在水中分散良好并保持模板的特殊形状.     

Cu2O立方体的快速制备及模板法制备CuxS纳米笼子

首先以NaBH₄作为强还原剂在CuSO₄溶液中快速形成Cu₂O晶核, 然后以葡萄糖为温和的还原剂和保护剂, 由晶核生长成Cu₂O立方体, 并以其为模板制备中空的球状Cu_xS纳米笼子. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计对产物进行表征. 葡萄糖和铜盐的物质的量的比、加热状况、pH等反应条件影响Cu₂O的形貌. Cu_xS纳米笼子的外壳厚度由参与反应的Cu₂O和Na₂S的物质的量的比决定.     

ITO和ZnO基底对电化学沉积氧化亚铜薄膜的形貌、结构的影响及作用机制

采用电化学恒电位沉积方法在ITO导电玻璃上和在ZnO薄膜上沉积氧化亚铜(Cu₂O),并通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对晶体的微观结构和表面形貌进行了分析.在ZnO基底上沉积得到了纳米级的Cu₂O粒子并且具有明显择优取向,而在ITO导电玻璃上仅得到粒径为2—5μm的Cu₂O粒子,没有明显的择优取向.对薄膜的生长机理进行了讨论.     

氯化亚铜氧化反应的化学动力学初探

多数被发掘的古代青铜文物表面都附着有某些钢锈,其中以粉状锈(Cu_2(OH)_3Cl)对铜器的腐蚀最为严重.迄今已有一些文献介绍粉状锈的生成机理,但对其反应过程的动力学研究尚未见报导。作为青铜合金中含量最丰的元素铜,被氧化腐蚀是分步进行的.本工作主要用X-光衍射及分光光度法对一价铜锈CuCl在潮湿环境中进行氧化反应的速度常数及表观活化能进行测定核算;对反应的中间产物及伴随现象进行分析探讨。     

Role of dissolved oxygen reduction in improvement inhibition performance of ascorbic acid during copper corrosion in 0.50 mol/L sulphuric acid

<正>The kinetics of dissolved O_2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions on copper surface was studied in naturally aerated and air and O_2-saturated 0.50 mol/L H_2SO_4 solutions using polarization measurements combined with the rotating disc electrode (RDE).The Koutecky-Levich plot indicated that the dissolved O_2 reduction at the copper electrode was an apparent four-electron process.A correlation between the presence of dissolved O_2 and the formation of Cu_2O,confirmed from XRD,was discussed. Ascorbic acid(AA) was tested as a safe inhibitor for copper corrosion in H_2SO_4 solutions at 25℃.Measurements were carried out as a function of dissolved oxygen concentration using Tafel polarization measurements.The addition of AA slowed down the reduction reaction of dissolved O_2 more effectively than the anodic reaction.Dissolved O_2 was found to enhance the inhibition performance of AA.Adsorption via hydrogen bonding was considered.     

Cu_2O/丁二酮肟催化芳基碘与芳胺偶联反应研究

钯催化的Ullmann反应合成C-N键获得成功~([1-3]),在各种配体参与下廉价的铜催化Ullmann反应形成C-N键,引起了人们的关注~([4-5]).配体在活化铜催化的偶联反应中非常关键,就此类催化体系所选的配体而言,目前报道的主要有N,N配体(如1,10-邻菲咯啉~([6])和二胺~([7])等)、N,-COOH配体(如氨基酸~([4]))、O,O配体(如联萘二酚~([8])和1,3-二酮~([9]))、N,P配体~([10-11])等,作者也曾用空气稳定的三价膦配体促进了此类反应~([12]).     

Cu_2O纳米阵列的铜阳极氧化法制备及其光催化杀菌性能研究

本文通过阳极氧化法直接在铜片上生长出纳米氧化亚铜阵列,所得到的样品通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM),紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis diffuser reflectance),X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法进行了表征,并研究了不同形貌氧化亚铜的杀菌效果.实验结果表明:反应过程中在阳极液中加入一定量的CTAB,有助于氧化亚铜的定向生长.通过控制反应条件(如电流密度,温度,和反应时间),可以得到不同形貌的氧化亚铜.随着电流密度的增大,氧化亚铜的形貌从网状,片状到棒状进行转化.所得到氧化亚铜的禁带宽度为1.95 eV.用所得样品进行杀菌实验,1 h内棒状氧化亚铜的杀菌率达到90.85%,而其它形貌的氧化亚铜杀菌率只有50%左右,与空铜片的杀菌率30%相比,所制得氧化亚铜具有较好的杀菌效果.     

铜在碱性溶液中阳极过程的研究

用慢电势扫描和恒电流法研究铜在浓碱中的阳极过程,并用角分辨X射线光电子能谱测试了铜表面二次钝化膜。结果表明,该膜由内层Cu₂O和外层CuO-Cu(OH)₂组成,越靠近膜的表面,CuO/Cu(OH)₂含量比越小,吸附水越多。据此提出成膜的电化学氧化-表面转化历程。     

Copper Carboxylate-phosphonates: Syntheses,Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties

Two novel copper carboxyly-phosphonates, namely, Cu_(2.5)(5-pnc)(SO_4)_(0.5)(OH)(H_2O)_(0.5)(1) and Cu_(0.5)(5-pncH_2)(H_2O)_(1.5)(2)(5-pncH_3 = 5-phosphono-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. In compound 1, each {PO_3C} tetrahedron is corner-shared with two {Cu(1)O_4}, two {Cu(2)O_5} and one {Cu(3)O_5},thus forming a one-dimensional inorganic chain along the c axis containing 8-membered rings of [Cu_3O_4S] and 19-membered cages of [Cu_5O_(10)P_4]. The inorganic chains are further connected by a 5-pnc~(3-) ligand to generate a three-dimensional framework. Compound 2 exhibits a one-dimensional structure, in which the inorganic chains of [Cu-O-Cu]_n are connected by the organic ligands through hydrogen bonding interactions, forming an infinite two-dimensional layer. Magnetic measurements of 1 indicate that dominant antiferromagnetic interactions are mediated between the Cu~(2+) centers.     

CuO/Cu2O nanowire array photoelectrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of tyrosinase

Photoelectrochemical(PEC) biosensors have shown great promise in bioanalysis and diagnostic applications in recent years. In this work, the CuO/Cu_2O nanowire array(CuO/Cu_2O Nanowire) supported on copper foam was prepared as a photocathode for detection of tyrosinase though quinone-chitosan conjugation chemistry method. The in-situ generated quinones that were the catalytic product of tyrosinase acted as electron acceptors, which were captured by the chitosan deposited on the surface of the electrode. Direct immobilization of electron acceptor on the electrode surface improved the photocurrent conversion efficiency and thus sensitivity. The as-prepared biosensor can realize a rapid response in a wide linear range of 0.05 U/mL to 10 U/mL with the detection limit as low as 0.016 U/mL of tyrosinase. The current work provides a new perspective to design and develop highly sensitive and selective PEC biosensor.     

Formation of nanoparticles of a new metastable copper compound in the copper acetate hydrate/poly(acrylonitrile) heterogeneous system

We use X-ray powder diffraction to study heterogeneous solid-phase reactions induced by IR radiation in the system Cu(OOCCH₃)₂·H₂O/PAN and intermediate copper compounds in the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The composite Cu(OOCCH₃)₂ · H₂O/PAN after annealing contains crystallites of copper (l _Cu = 16 nm), a new metastable compound Cu _x>2O ( $ l_{Cu_{x > 2} O} We use X-ray powder diffraction to study heterogeneous solid-phase reactions induced by IR radiation in the system Cu(OOCCH₃)₂·H₂O/PAN and intermediate copper compounds in the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The composite Cu(OOCCH₃)₂ · H₂O/PAN after annealing contains crystallites of copper (l _Cu = 16 nm), a new metastable compound Cu _x>2O ( = 20 nm), and Cu₂O ( = 20 nm). After 45 days of air exposure, the intensity of Cu _x>2O reflections in the composite decreases dramatically, whereas that of copper reflections increases. Cu _x>2O has a monoclinic unit cell with the parameters a = 5.424, b = 3.196, c = 3.072 ?, β = 119.51°. Original Russian Text ? V.M. Novotortsev, V.V. Kozlov, Yu.M. Korolev, G.P. Karpacheva, L.V. Kozhitov, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 7, pp. 1087–1089.