强酸型离子交换膜催化合成丙酸异戊酯

以HF－101型强酸型离子交换膜为催化剂，对丙酸与异戊醇的催化反应进行了研究，考察了反应时间,催化剂用量，酸醇摩尔比及催化剂的套用次数对酯化率的影响，探讨其最佳反应条件为：酸醇摩尔比1：1．3，反应时间90min，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的6．5％，反应温度为回流温度，酯化率98％，催化剂套用8次后酯化率仍在80％以上。     

固体超强酸ZrO2/S2O28-催化合成乙酸正己酯

以固体超强酸ZrO2／S2O8^2-为催化剂，乙酸和正己醇为原料合成了乙酸正己酯，考察了反应条件对酯化率的影响,结果表明，最佳反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比1．4，催化剂用量0．5g(当乙酸用量为0．1mol时)，带水剂苯15mL，在110-118℃反应1．5h，其酯化率达92％以上．该方法的优点是酯化率高，催化剂可重复使用且基本不腐蚀设备．     

微波促进酸性离子液体催化水杨酸酯化

用自制的硫酸氢1-甲基-3-(3-磺酸基丙基)咪唑([MIMPS]HSO4)酸性离子液体作为水杨酸与醇的酯化反应催化剂,考察了温度、时间、物料配比和离子液体用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,优化的最佳反应条件为: 微波辐射时间20 min,反应温度95 ℃,醇与酸摩尔比3∶1(水杨酸的量为0.02 mol),[MIMPS]HSO4用量10 mmol,水杨酸甲酯的产率和选择性分别为91.9%和99.0%。 离子液体回收循环使用4次,催化效率不变。 与热催化酯化反应相比,微波辐射可缩短反应时间;水杨酸与不同碳链醇的酯化产率随着碳链的增加而降低,同碳链的伯醇酯化率比仲醇高。     

固体超强酸ZrO_2/S2O_8~(2-)催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

研究了在固体超强酸ZrO2/S2O2-8催化下,肉桂酸与甲醇作用合成肉桂酸甲酯的工艺.考查了催化剂的用量、酸醇摩尔比、反应时间及催化剂的性能对反应的影响.最佳反应条件为∶n(肉桂酸)∶n(甲醇)=1∶10,m(肉桂酸)∶m(催化剂)=3∶1,反应温度90～95℃,反应时间5h,酯化率为95.7%.     

TiSiW12O40／TiO2催化合成葡萄糖五丁酸酯的研究

首次报道了新型催化剂TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化酯化合成葡萄五丁酸酯,考察了糖酸比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度诸因素对产率的影响。实验表明,TiSiW12O40/TiO2是合成葡萄糖五丁酸酯的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：糖酸摩尔比1：6,催化剂的用量为反应物料总量的2.0%,酯化反应时间为2.0h,反应温度90-95℃。反应产率可达85.4%。     

酸功能化离子液体催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

合成并表征了酸功能化离子液体,用于催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC).通过考察各种离子液体的催化活性及重复使用性能,选定酸功能化离子液体[HSO3-pmim]HSO4为催化合成TBC的催化剂.研究了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,得到其较佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为反应物总质量的8·0%,醇酸摩尔比为5·5∶1,反应温度110~150℃,反应时间3h.此条件下,酯化率达到99·0%.分离出的离子液体未经任何处理重复使用8次后,酯化率仍为95·2%.     

聚苯乙烯二乙醇胺树脂催化合成丙酸苄酯的研究

应用聚苯乙烯二乙醇胺树脂（PSDEA）催化苄氯与丙酸的酯化反应，合成了丙 酸苄酯。研究结果表明，聚苯乙烯二乙醇胺树脂具有较高的催化活性。考察了丙酸 ／苄氯摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间对酯产率的影响，在典型反应条件（丙酸： 苄氯摩尔比＝1．25：1，16．7gPSDEA／摩尔苄氯，80℃浴温，反应4．0h）下，所 得丙酸苄酯的产率为95．5％，该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用、具有良好的活性 稳定性。     

钾霞石固体碱催化豆油酯化反应制备生物柴油

采用共沉淀法制备了钾霞石,用于催化豆油和甲醇酯化反应,在煅烧温度1 200℃,得到单一的钾霞石物相.钾霞石表面多孔,孔径分布为0.2到1.0 μm,有利于反应物分子的内扩散和接触活性位;同时对反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量以及催化剂Li含量进行了系统研究.反应温度120 ℃,醇油摩尔比12:1,反应时间2 min,催化...     

ESTERIFICATION REACTION OF ACETIC ACID WITH n-AMYL ALCOHOL OVER ZEOLITEBETA

在连续流动反应装置上研究了β沸石分子筛上正戊醇的酯化反应。经５００℃焙烧后的β分子筛对该反应有较好的催化作用。在β分子筛上，适宜的反应温度范围是１４０～１５０℃，较高的反应温度将降低催化剂的活性与选择性。随着乙酸／正戊醇摩尔比和ＬＨＳＶ的增加，酯的选择性增加。文中还讨论了离子交换度和焙烧温度对β分子筛表面性质和催化性能的影响。     

固体酸预处理高酸值油脂降低酸值

通过沉淀、回流和浸渍分别制备了Al、Ga掺杂的SO 2-4/ZrO2固体酸催化剂,利用该促进型固体酸催化剂酯化预处理高酸值油脂,考察了固体酸焙烧温度、醇油摩尔比等因素对酯化反应的影响. 结果表明,该类型固体酸对高酸值油脂具有良好的酯化反应活性,其中600 ℃焙烧的Ga2O3/SO 2-4/ZrO2在67 ℃下,醇与油摩尔比为30: 1,催化剂用量为4%,对初始酸值为32的油脂进行酯化反应,经8 h反应,油脂酸值降为4.1,有利于后续用碱性催化剂对处理后的油脂进行酯交换反应生成生物柴油.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.