基于电磁力近似算法的驱动电机NVH快速仿真方法

电动汽车驱动电机产生的电磁噪声是汽车NVH关注的重点问题,对其进行全转速段多工况NVH仿真通常需要耗费大量时间和计算资源。该文通过有限单元分析揭示了电机气隙电磁力随转速变化的规律,并根据这一规律提出了基于外特性曲线的电磁力时间缩放及插值的近似算法。文章采用电磁力到结构网格的映射算法对结构振动有限元模型进行激励力加载,使用声场有限元方法计算电机的辐射噪声,最终实现了车用驱动电机的电磁振动及噪声的快速仿真。使用该方法对车用电机进行全转速段振动噪声仿真,可大大压缩多工况电磁场有限元分析所需的计算时间,提升仿真效率。     

三能级激光器的突变行为

本文描写了有注入外场和可饱和吸收体的三能级单模激光器于阈值附近的行为.定量的计算表明:激光电场方程的非线性,特别是由于外场的注入,使得激光定态具有标准尖点突变流形.最后讨论了尖点突变流形的物理意义,给出了产生光学双稳态的条件.     

New interpretations for stress-strain behavior of rubber vulcanizates

The cross-link density of DCP-cured natural rubber uniaxially deformed to various extension ratios at room temperature was measured. The cross-link density decreased characteristically with increasing extension ratio. A new model for the structure of the network is proposed in order to explain this decrease in cross-link density. The model can give a new interpretation of the stress-strain behavior of rubber vulcanizates. The birefringence of stretched rubber vulcanizates was determined using a polarizing microscope. The observed birefringence, δT, can generally be factored into two parts: One is the birefringence of the amorphous phase, δT_a; the other is the birefringence due to the strain-induced crystalline phase, δT_c. In the present paper, it has become feasible to separate δT into δT_a and δT_c.     

A variational principle for symplectic connections

We introduce a variational principle for symplectic connections and study the corresponding field equations. For two-dimensional compact symplectic manifolds we determine all solutions of the field equations. For two-dimensional non-compact simply connected symplectic manifolds we give an essentially exhaustive list of solutions of the field equations. Finally we indicate how to construct from solutions of the field equations on (M, ω) solutions of the field equations on the cotangent bundle to M with its standard symplectic structure.     

级联三能级模型下超短脉冲激光与分子相互作用的动力学研究

通过求解麦克斯韦-布洛赫方程，研究了超短脉冲激光和一维对称π共轭分子材料(4,4′-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子)的相互作用.该分子材料具有较强的非线性光学性质，其分子的电子结构和电偶极矩是在密度泛函理论水平上利用从头计算方法得到的.研究结果表明，慢变幅近似和旋波近似不能很好地描述超短脉冲在该分子介质中的传播.在单光子共振情况下，保持入射脉冲的脉冲宽度不变，当小面积脉冲在该分子介质中传播时，二能级模型可以较好地描述脉冲激光与该分子体系的相互作用过程.但对于大面积脉冲激光，由于较明显地产生了分子的二次激发，此时分子 关键词： 超短脉冲激光 4′-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子 三能级模型 麦克斯韦-布洛赫方程     

Nonlinear behavior of the population dynamics of three-level systems in the presence of single photon absorption

We numerically investigate the population dynamics in a single photon resonant three-level cascade and non-cascade energy level molecules at 532-nm wavelength. The time-dependent population in the energy levels in the presence of 100 ps(pico-second) and 100 ns(nano-second) laser pulses is described in the form of rate equations. We provide a brief idea of how the optical energy transfer takes place in the light-matter interaction and we also discuss the absorption as a function of pulse width and repetition rate. We also plot the z-scan transmittance curve as a function of number of excitation pulses participating in the absorption.     

两色超短脉冲激光与级联三能级分子体系相互作用的动力学研究

在不采用旋波近似和慢变幅近似的条件下,采用时域有限差分法和预估矫正法求解Maxwell-Bloch方程,对两色2π超短脉冲激光在级联三能级有机分子体系(4,4′-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子)中传播的动力学过程进行了数值模拟.该有机分子属于一维对称体系,其电子结构和电学参量在密度泛函水平上给出.在低能量范围内,该分子可以简化为三能级体系.我们研究了在不同共振条件下,两色超短脉冲的时空演化特性和三能级体系各个能级粒子数占有率的分布情况.     

A numerical methodology for the Painlevé equations

The six Painlevé transcendents P_I − P_VI have both applications and analytic properties that make them stand out from most other classes of special functions. Although they have been the subject of extensive theoretical investigations for about a century, they still have a reputation for being numerically challenging. In particular, their extensive pole fields in the complex plane have often been perceived as ‘numerical mine fields’. In the present work, we note that the Painlevé property in fact provides the opportunity for very fast and accurate numerical solutions throughout such fields. When combining a Taylor/Padé-based ODE initial value solver for the pole fields with a boundary value solver for smooth regions, numerical solutions become available across the full complex plane. We focus here on the numerical methodology, and illustrate it for the P_I equation. In later studies, we will concentrate on mathematical aspects of both the P_I and the higher Painlevé transcendents.     

交叉口进口道换道行为研究及建模

为了对信号交叉口上游车辆换道行为进行分析,以元胞自动机交通流理论为基础,结合自由换道模型及强制换道模型提出了进口道附近路段的综合换道模型,并对原有强制换道模型进行改进.通过对综合换道模型进行模拟,得出进口道附近交通流的时空关系及密度关系图.模拟结果表明,车流密度在[0,0.2]及[0.4,0.6]范围时,进口道换道率变化率较高;同时在中低密度下,随着换道率的增加,平均车速逐渐降低,但在高密度下,车速随换道率变化并不显著.     

Entanglement of a three-level trapped atom in the presence of another three-level trapped atom

A new version of two multi-level trapped atoms interacting with laser fields is under consideration. This system is based on a three-level trapped atom interacting with laser fields in the presence of another three-level trapped atom taking into account the time-dependent atom-field couplings and phase shift. The entanglement due to the concurrence is calculated and its time evolution phenomena is demonstrated within the framework of the presented theory. Our results establish an explicit relationship between the concurrence and the entanglement through the two three-level atoms and the fields interaction. We show that different nonclassical effects arise in the dynamics of the atomic population inversion, due to the initial states of the system as well as the values of the Lamb-Dicke parameter.     

A new paradigm for the molecular basis of rubber elasticity

The molecular basis for rubber elasticity is arguably the oldest and one of the most important questions in the field of polymer physics. The theoretical investigation of rubber elasticity began in earnest almost a century ago with the development of analytic thermodynamic models, based on simple, highly-symmetric configurations of so-called Gaussian chains, i.e. polymer chains that obey Markov statistics. Numerous theories have been proposed over the past 90 years based on the ansatz that the elastic force for individual network chains arises from the entropy change associated with the distribution of end-to-end distances of a free polymer chain. There are serious conceptual objections to this assumption and others, such as the assumption that all network nodes undergo a simple volume-preserving linear motion and that all of the network chains have the same length. Recently, a new paradigm for elasticity in rubber networks has been proposed that is based on mechanisms that originate at the molecular level. Using conventional statistical mechanics analyses, Quantum Chemistry, and Molecular Dynamics simulations, the fundamental entropic and enthalpic chain extension forces for polyisoprene (natural rubber) have been determined, along with estimates for the basic force constants. Concurrently, the complex morphology of natural rubber networks (the joint probability density distributions that relate the chain end-to-end distance to its contour length) has also been captured in a numerical model (EPnet). When molecular chain forces are merged with the network structure in this model, it is possible to study the mechanical response to tensile and compressive strains of a representative volume element of a polymer network. As strain is imposed on a network, pathways of connected taut chains, that completely span the network along strain axis, emerge. Although these chains represent only a few percent of the total, they account for nearly all of the elastic stress at high strain. Here we provide a brief review of previous elasticity theories and their deficiencies, and present a new paradigm with an emphasis on experimental comparisons.     

Fiber grating couplers for silicon nanophotonic circuits: Design modeling methodology and fabrication tolerances

Silicon nanophotonic circuits can exhibit a very high level of functional integration due to the very small cross sections of the silicon waveguides. However, to be implemented in data transmission networks, such circuits still must be interfaced with optical fibers having much larger dimensions. Due to this mismatch in size, a coupling structure is required in order to minimize the coupling loss. Diffraction grating coupler structures are one of the best candidates to perform this mode size conversion with good performances. However, they are also very sensitive to fabrication tolerances that may require an adaptation of the coupling conditions. In this paper, we present an iterative numerical method to optimize the design of a grating coupler by analyzing the out coupled beam from the waveguide towards the fiber. Using this method we show in details the sensitivity of the grating couplers to the principal fabrication variabilities in order to maximize the robustness of the design. A grating with 53% fiber to waveguide coupling efficiency is designed. Considering the dispersion of the modern CMOS fabrication processing, it appears that the optimal fiber coupling ratio remains rather constant but the optimal coupling angle at a given wavelength may vary by as much as ±10°.     

Multiscale modeling of the magneto-mechanical behavior of grain-oriented silicon steels

The prediction of the magnetic and magnetostrictive behavior of grain-oriented (GO) silicon steels is discussed. An experimental procedure for the measurement of the magneto-mechanical quantities is first detailed. Experimental measurements of the anhysteretic magnetization and magnetostriction are compared to results from the literature. A multiscale model, based on an energetic approach and infinite medium hypothesis, is used. Significant discrepancies between experiments and predictions are highlighted. The specimen shape combined to large grain size induces some strong boundary (surface) conditions leading to a change in the definition of the local potential energy. A specific demagnetizing term is introduced in the definition of the potential energy, creating an initial heterogeneous distribution of the magnetic domains and saturating the magnetostriction along the rolling direction. This modification strongly increases the ability of the model to predict the magneto-mechanical behavior of GO steels.     

被克尔介质包围的A型三能级原子的粒子布居几率

本文研究了被克尔(Kerr)介质包围的\型三能级原子的粒子布居几率随时间的演化,分析了光场频率与原子本征频率间的单光子失谐量和克尔介质对粒子布居几率的影响.     

A Berger-type theorem for metric connections with skew-symmetric torsion

We prove a Berger-type theorem which asserts that if the orthogonal subgroup generated by the torsion tensor (pulled back to a point by parallel transport) of a metric connection with skew-symmetric torsion is not transitive on the sphere, then the space must be locally isometric to a Lie group with a bi-invariant metric or its symmetric dual (we assume the space to be locally irreducible). We also prove that a (simple) Lie group with a bi-invariant metric admits only two flat metric connections with skew-symmetric torsion: the two flat canonical connections. In particular, we get a refinement of a well-known theorem of Cartan and Schouten. Finally, we show that the holonomy group of a metric connection with skew-symmetric torsion on these spaces generically coincides with the Riemannian holonomy.     

On modeling the mechanical behavior of heterostructures with quantum dots

The problems on simulation of a stressed-strained state in epitaxial quantum-dot heterostructures with and without coating are considered. Within the framework of the continuum approach, a mechanical-mathematical model of a quantum dot is developed. The stressed-strained state in a heterostructure with a quantum dot located under the coating is simulated within the developed model using the well-known analytical solution to the problem on inclusion of the corresponding shape. An isolated quantum dot in the absence of coating is simulated by a set of elastic dipoles uniformly distributed over the region of elastic half-space matching the quantum dot base. Within the model, the problem on deformation of the quantum-dot heterostructure without coating is analytically solved. The analytical solution is used to analyze the stressed-strained state in the structure under consideration.     

Hybrid modeling of electrical and optical behavior in the heart

Optical mapping of transmembrane potential using voltage-sensitive dyes has revolutionized cardiac electrophysiology by enabling the visualization of electrical excitation waves in the heart. However, the interpretation of the optical mapping data is complicated by the fact that the optical signal arises not just from the surface, but also from some depth into the heart wall. Here, we review modeling efforts, in which the diffusion of photons is incorporated into the computer simulations of cardiac electrical activity (“hybrid” modeling), with the goal of improving our understanding of optical signals. We discuss the major accomplishments of hybrid modeling which include: (i) the explanation of the optical action potential upstroke morphology and prediction of its dependence on the subsurface wave front angle, (ii) the unexpectedly low magnitudes of optically recorded surface potentials during electrical shocks, and (iii) the “depolarization” of the core of the spiral wave and odd dual-humped optical action potentials during reentrant activation. We critically examine current optical mapping techniques and controversies in our understanding of electroporation during defibrillation. Finally, we provide a brief overview of recent theoretical studies aimed at extending optical mapping techniques for imaging intramural excitation to include transillumination imaging of scroll wave filaments and depth-resolved optical tomographic methods.