TiO2纳米粒子包覆聚苯乙烯球的结晶性能与表面光电压特性

TiO2具有很高的光催化活性，同时TiO2纳米粒子具有耐酸碱和耐光化学腐蚀、低成本、无毒等性质，在许多领域引起广泛关注．据报道，TiO2的锐钛矿晶型比金红石晶型具有更好的光催化活性．由于金红石是TiO2的热力学稳定相，而锐钛矿是亚稳相，通常锐钛矿相在550-800℃温度范围内形成金红石相，从而降低其催化活性，限制了其应用．     

TiO2纳米粒子制备方法对其光催化活性的影响

分别用胶溶法、金属醇盐水解法和低温水解法制备了TiO2纳米粒子;采用XRD和BET技术,测试了TiO2粒子的粒径、晶型及表面积。以庚烷的气相光催化氧化为探针反应,考察了不同方法、不同温度处理的TiO2粒子的光催化活性。结果表明,以胶溶法和金属醇盐水解法制备的TiO2粒子,随焙烧温度的增加TiO2粒子长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变,光催化活性降低。用低温水解法,可在低温下制得金红石型TiO2粒子,但其催化活性很低。说明由原料和制备方法所决定的TiO2粒子的物理化学性质,影响其光催化行为。锐钛矿型TiO2粒子催化活性较金红石型TiO2好。这是由于前者的表面羟基含量较高且带隙能较大的缘故。     

制备条件对金红石型SO42-/TiO2微粒气相光催化活性的影响

以Ti(SO4)2酸溶液为前驱体．氢氧化钠作沉淀剂，采用沉淀法低温焙烧制备了SO4^2-掺杂的金红石型TiO2微粒．用光催化降解正庚烷为反应模型．结合BET、TG-DTA、IR、XRD等表征手段，探讨了制备条件对金红石型SO4^2-／TiO2微粒气相光催化活性的影响，并优化实验条件获得了光催化性能优良的金红石型SO4^2-／TiO2微粒．     

化学镀镍-高磷合金的微观结构及晶化行为研究

分别以SnCl2.2H2O和SnCl2.5H2O为锡源,采用胶溶晶核法,经沉淀和胶溶过程,在液相中一步合成了金红石型TiO2。详细考察了各种胶溶条件对产物结构的影响,并通过两种锡源实验结果的比较对异相晶核法中两种锡源的成晶机理进行了分析,所合成的金红石型TiO2晶粒度为20－50nm,两种方法获得完全红金石型TiO2所需引入SnO2的最低物质的量的分数分别为10％和8％。     

TiO2-SnO2复合氧化物微球的低温水热一步法合成及紫外屏蔽性能

以硫酸钛、 四氯化锡和尿素为原料, 采用低温水热法一步合成了TiO2-SnO2复合氧化物. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线谱仪(SEM/EDAX)及紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)对产物的结构与性能进行表征分析, 考察了反应条件对产物晶体结构和形貌的影响. 结果表明, 在静止反应条件下Ti4+/Sn4+摩尔比为6~8时, 可以获得尺寸均一的金红石结构TiO2-SnO2复合氧化物微球, 其平均粒径为2 μm. 产物的紫外吸收性能优于同种方法制备的纯TiO2, SnO2及商品P25.     

二氧化钛晶相组成对PtCo/TiO2催化剂苯加氢性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了不同晶相组成的TiO2负载的PtCo双金属催化剂,采用X射线粉末衍射、拉曼光谱、Nz:物理吸附、CO化学吸附和H2程序升温还原等技术对其进行了表征,并考察了催化剂的低温苯加氢反应性能.结果发现,不同晶相组成TiO2负载的PtCo双金属催化剂CO化学吸附量及催化活性有显著差异,当以含有少量金红石相的TiO2为载体时,催化剂加氢性能优于单一金红石或锐钛矿相TiO2负载的催化剂.     

La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备和性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La2O3掺杂TiO2纳米光催化剂，并通过XRD、TEM、BET和XPS等手段进行了表征．掺入La2O3后，阻止了TiO2从锐钛矿晶型向金红石晶型的转变，使TiO2的粒径减小，比表面积增大．以甲基橙为光催化降解反应模型化合物，考察了光催化剂的活性．测定了甲基橙在纯TiO2和La2O3掺杂TiO2光催化剂上的吸附常数．考察了pH、H2O2对降解性能的影响．讨论了光催化活性与催化剂性质的关系．     

光电流法研究TiO2薄膜表面吸附氧对光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锐钛矿型和金红石型TiO2薄膜, 利用光电流和XPS技术研究了薄膜表面吸附氧对不同晶型TiO2光催化活性的影响. 并通过降解纯的环己烷溶液的实验来评估不同晶型TiO2的光催化活性. 结果表明, 在相同条件下, 锐钛矿型TiO2比金红石型具有明显的光催化活性. 这是由于锐钛矿型TiO2比金红石型TiO2具有较强的吸附氧的能力, 同时其光生电子与空穴的复合率相对较小所致.     

TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的结构相变

以钛酸丁酯和季铵盐改性有机蒙脱石为原料,采用原位水解法和原位脱羟法制备了TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)表征了不同焙烧温度下TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的结构相变,并与不同焙烧温度下纯TiO2的结构相变进行对比。结果发现TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2从锐钛矿相开始转变为金红石的最低温度要比纯TiO2从锐钛矿开始相转变为金红石的最低温度高200℃,且在焙烧温度1 200℃时还存在锐钛矿相,而纯TiO2在焙烧温度800℃时就全部转换为金红石相。TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2和纯TiO2的平均晶粒度都随焙烧温度升高而增大,但TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的平均晶粒度要小于相同温度下焙烧纯TiO2的平均晶粒度。表明蒙脱石结构层的硅氧结构抑制了TiO2晶型由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,进而使相变温度升高,同时阻碍了晶体的生长。     

氢电弧等离子体法制备纳米钛粒子脱硫性能研究

使用H2 Ar等离子体法制备纳米Ti粒子并用球磨法负载到载体上，500℃焙烧后制成纳米TiO2脱硫催化剂．利用TEM、BET、XRD等手段，对催化剂进行了表征．焙烧后纳米钛粒子主要以金红石型TiO2存在．在不同温度、空速、SO2／CS2和老化条件下，进行CS2的水解实验证明，物理法制备的纳米TiO2／Al2O3催化剂具有较高的耐硫酸盐化中毒能力．     

Photoluminescence properties of SnO2 nanowhiskers grown by thermal evaporation

SnO₂ nanowhiskers were synthesized by thermal oxidation with and without a gold film as a catalyst. The SEM images reveal wire-like and rod-shaped nanowhiskers about several hundred micrometers in length and 100 nm in diameter. The three observed Raman peaks at 474, 632, and 774 cm⁻¹ indicate the typical rutile phase which is in agreement with the X-ray diffraction results. The photoluminescence properties were measured at room temperature. The peaks at 342 nm corresponding to the excitation transitions from the conduction band to the valence band of the SnO₂ nanowhiskers were not observed. However, a strong emission band at 600 nm was detected indicating the existence of oxygen vacancies in both samples. A new emission band at 398 nm was also observed in the sample with the gold film and it could be attributed to the near band-edge emission.     

二氧化钛纳米微粒的制备与光催化活性

本文采用溶液－凝胶法制备了粒径为１０－２０ｎｍ左右的二氧化钛纳米微粒。用ＸＲＤ研究了二氧化钛溶胶的热处理过程,研究表明温度在４７３Ｋ－６７３Ｋ左右ＴｉＯ２向量 粒呈不规整锐钛矿结构,粒径约为１０－２０ｎｍ。在８７３Ｋ左右ＴｉＯ２微粒出现锐钛矿与金红石型混晶结构。     

Y掺杂纳米TiO2的合成及晶型转变过程

溶胶-凝胶;锐钛型;金红石型;Y掺杂纳米TiO2的合成及晶型转变过程     

均相水解法制备金红石含量可控的纳米TiO2

用均相水解法通过调节对甲苯磺酸的添加量制备了金红石含量线性可控的纳米TiO2粒子,相同条件下,没有加入对甲苯磺酸时,制备的TiO02颗粒为纯锐钛矿晶型．制备的纳米TiO2颗粒,其单晶尺寸为19．5mm(金红石),13．5mm(锐钛矿),比表面积72．7m^2／g,通过公式计算得到了制备的TiO2纳米颗粒带隙能为2．83eV,比P25和纯锐钛矿纳米TiO2颗粒的带隙能均低．     

Simultaneous phase- and size-controlled synthesis of TiO(2) nanorods via non-hydrolytic sol-gel reaction of syringe pump delivered precursors

The simultaneous phase- and size-controlled synthesis of TiO(2) nanorods was achieved via the non-hydrolytic sol-gel reaction of continuously delivered two titanium precursors using two separate syringe pumps. As the injection rate was decreased, the length of the TiO(2) nanorods was increased and their crystalline phase was simultaneously transformed from anatase to rutile. When the reaction was performed by injecting titanium precursors contained in two separate syringes into a hot oleylamine surfactant solution with an injection rate of 30 mL/h, anatase TiO(2) nanorods with dimensions of 6 nm (thickness) x 50 nm (length) were produced. When the injection rate was decreased to 2.5 mL/h, star-shaped rutile TiO(2) nanorods with dimensions of 25 nm x 200 nm and a small fraction of rod-shaped anatase TiO(2) nanorods with dimensions of 9 nm x 100 nm were synthesized. Pure star-shaped rutile TiO(2) nanorods with dimensions of 25 nm x 450 nm were synthesized when the injection rate was further decreased to 1.25 mL/h. The simultaneous phase transformation and length elongation of the TiO(2) nanorods were achieved. Under optimized reaction conditions, as much as 3.5 g of TiO(2) nanorods were produced. The TiO(2) nanorods were used to produce dye-sensitized solar cells, and the photoconversion efficiency of the mixture composed of star-shaped rutile TiO(2) nanorods and a small fraction of anatase nanorods were comparable to that of Degussa P-25.     

水热法合成掺杂铁离子的小管径TiO_2纳米管

碳纳米管这种一维结构的新材料的发现为物理、化学、材料科学和纳米科学开辟了全新的研究领域。近年来,非碳无机类富勒烯(InorganicFullerene-like,简称IF)纳米管也受到人们的广泛关注。迄今为止报道的无机类富勒烯纳米管主要有:过渡金属硫化物(MS2,M=W,Mo,Nb)犤1～3犦、V2O5犤4犦、Al2O3犤5犦纳米管等。其中金属氧化物纳米管在催化、吸附、单电子晶体管等方面有着潜在的应用前景。TiO2纳米粉体和纳米膜材料在太阳能的存储与利用、光电转换、光致变色及光催化降解大气和水中的污染物等方面具有广泛的应用。为了提高其光催化活性和对…     

室温合成金红石TiO2及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 在室温下通过水解沉淀法合成了金红石型TiO₂纳米粒子; 用X射线衍射(XRD)研究了反应温度、酸度以及酸的种类对形成TiO₂晶型的影响. 实验结果表明, 高酸度、低温度以及Cl-有助于金红石相的生成. 在相同条件下加入一定量P105 (EO₃₇PO₅₆EO₃₇)三嵌段聚合物制备出一种金红石型粗糙聚集球. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明这种粗糙聚集球直径大约350 nm, 比表面积测试(BET)及紫外漫反射测试发现粗糙球在保持较大比表面积的同时有散射效应. 此粗糙球与20 nm TiO₂粒子以质量比1:4混合作为工作电极的散射层并应用于染料敏化太阳能电池, 电池效率达到7.27%, 较不加粗糙球的效率提高17%; 我们认为这是因为在保持工作电极染料吸附量基本不变的条件下粗糙球提高光散射性能.     

Gold nanoparticles located at the interface of anatase/rutile TiO2 particles as active plasmonic photocatalysts for aerobic oxidation

Visible-light irradiation (λ > 450 nm) of gold nanoparticles loaded on a mixture of anatase/rutile TiO(2) particles (Degussa, P25) promotes efficient aerobic oxidation at room temperature. The photocatalytic activity critically depends on the catalyst architecture: Au particles with <5 nm diameter located at the interface of anatase/rutile TiO(2) particles behave as the active sites for reaction. This photocatalysis is promoted via plasmon activation of the Au particles by visible light followed by consecutive electron transfer in the Au/rutile/anatase contact site. The activated Au particles transfer their conduction electrons to rutile and then to adjacent anatase TiO(2). This catalyzes the oxidation of substrates by the positively charged Au particles along with reduction of O(2) by the conduction band electrons on the surface of anatase TiO(2). This plasmonic photocatalysis is successfully promoted by sunlight exposure and enables efficient and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols at ambient temperature.     

Effects of material properties on sedimentation and aggregation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles of anatase and rutile in the aqueous phase

This study investigated the sedimentation and aggregation kinetics of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles with varying material properties (i.e., crystallinity, morphology, and chemical composition). Used in the study were various types of commercially available TiO(2) nanoparticles: three spherical anatase (nominal diameters of 5, 10, and 50 nm) and two rutile nanoparticles (10×40 and 30×40 nm). The 50 nm anatase and 10×40 nm rutile showed higher stability in deionized water and 5 mM NaCl solutions at pH 7 than the 5, and 10 nm anatase nanoparticles in sedimentation experiments. In aggregation experiments, critical coagulation concentration values for the 50 nm anatase were the highest, followed by the 10×40 nm rutile and the 5 nm anatase nanoparticles in NaCl and CaCl(2) solutions. The aggregation kinetics was fitted reasonably well with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) equations for the TiO(2) nanoparticles tested. Results showed that crystallinity and morphology are not influential factors in determining the stability of TiO(2) nanoparticle suspensions; however, the differences in their chemical compositions, notably, the varying concentrations of impurities (i.e., silicon and phosphorus) in the pristine materials, determined the surface charge and therefore the sedimentation and aggregation of TiO(2) nanoparticles in the aqueous phase.     

银－金红石复合纳米微晶的光谱性能

λ>330nm光照射含有金红石型TiO2微晶颗粒的AgNO3溶液,制备出了Ag-TiO2复合超微粒子,与纯的银溶胶相比,复合粒子上银的等离子体吸收峰宽化红移,位于400～600nm。这种复合超微粒子的溶胶,表现出表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应。吸附-共振增强可用来解释Ag-TiO2复合粒子的SERS效应。