聚硅烷研究进展 (1)聚硅烷的合成及应用

聚硅烷的合成及应用因可溶性聚硅烷的发现而成为聚合物研究的又一热点。本文综述了聚硅烷合成与应用的近期发展。     

聚硅烷研究进展：（I）聚硅烷的合成及应用

聚硅烷的合成及应用因可溶性聚硅烷的发现而成为聚合物研究的又一热点。本文综述了聚硅烷合成与应用的近期发展。     

甲基二氯硅烷缩合反应的研究

由于聚硅烷具有一些特殊的性质及用途,近年来引起了人们的注意。文献报道的多是主链连有烷基、芳基或芳烷基的聚硅烷,而主链连有活性基团的聚硅烷很少。我们曾合成了主链连有硅氢基团的聚硅烷,并研究了其交联反应。通过硅氢键的反应,可在硅一硅主链上引入一些活性基团,赋予聚硅烷新的特性。本文则报道不同反应条件对甲基二氯硅烷缩合的影响。     

聚硅烷的电化学合成

聚硅烷是一类链骨架中仅含硅原子的高聚物,主链的上的非定域σ键电子赋予了聚硅烷独特的光电性质,也是制备陶瓷材料的先驱体。电化学法是最近兴起且具发展前景的一种合成聚硅烷的方法,它是通过电解池中阴极还原氯硅烷来制取高聚物,反应条件温和,且能大大拓宽聚硅烷的功能化。本文就聚硅烷的电化学合成的实施方法;影响因素包括电解槽类型、电...     

功能化改性聚硅烷的研究进展及应用前景

聚硅烷是一类主链由连续Si原子组成的聚合物,其主链具有类似于大π共轭的σ-σ共轭结构.这种特殊结构使得线型聚硅烷既具有与普通大π共轭导电聚合物相似的电导行为,又具有其它导电聚合物所不具备的优良溶解性和可加工性,是一类潜力巨大的功能高分子材料.但单纯聚硅烷的光致/电致发光和导电性能与其它功能高分子材料相比还不够突出,自身对水分和空气比较敏感,需要对其进行改性.本文对聚硅烷的结构与性能之间的关系进行了归纳,对聚硅烷的改性方法进行了详细分类并综述,并对聚硅烷的应用方向和研究进展进行了总结,最后对功能化聚硅烷的应用前景进行了展望.     

金属-聚哇烷-硅结构的电容-电压特性

设计了metal-polysilane-silicon(MPS)结构.首次发现MPS结构具有电容-电压(C-V)特性,许多MPS结构的C-V曲线平带电压为正,且其C-V特性与聚硅烷枝化度一致,即随着聚硅烷枝化度提高,MPS结构C-V曲线明显向电压轴正向漂移.聚硅烷MPS结构有望设计成测定聚硅烷枝化度装置.     

含N、S官能基聚硅烷*

综述了近年来含N、S官能基聚硅烷的研究进展。介绍了吡啶、联吡啶、吡咯等含N官能基与噻吩、硫代官能团等含S官能基取代聚硅烷的制备和光电性能表征,概括了含N,S官能团聚硅烷的分子设计、物理性能与应用领域。最后展望了含N、S官能团聚硅烷研究的发展方向与应用前景。     

取代超支化聚硅烷紫外光引发剂研究

以钠缩合法合成的含Si–Cl键的超支化聚硅烷(Cl-HPS)为基础,将其分别与4-羟基二苯甲酮和2-羟基硫杂蒽酮反应,制备了小分子光引发剂取代的超支化聚硅烷BP-HPS和TX-HPS.小分子光引发剂取代的超支化聚硅烷可以不同程度地扩展超支化聚硅烷的紫外吸收.采用实时红外光谱研究了它们引发己二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)紫外光聚合行为.结果表明,小分子光引发剂取代的超支化聚硅烷的自由基引发效率高于未经取代的超支化聚硅烷和它们对应的小分子光引发剂的引发效率.电子自旋共振光谱研究表明,BP-HPS和TX-HPS既可以裂解产生硅自由基,也可以通过硅甲基参与的夺氢反应产生碳中心自由基.     

金属-聚硅烷-硅结构的电容－电压特性

设计了metal-polysilane-silicon (MPS)结构.首次发现MPS结构具有电容-电压（C－V）特性,许多MPS结构的C－V曲线平带电压为正,且其C－V特性与聚硅烷枝化度一致,即随着聚硅烷枝化度提高,MPS结构C－V曲线明显向电压轴正向漂移.聚硅烷MPS结构有望设计成测定聚硅烷枝化度装置.     

链状聚硅烷的导电性质和电子状态

本文讨论了链状聚硅烷的导电性质，简要介绍了关于该聚合物的电子状态的一些理论研究结果，以此解释了链状聚硅烷的导电性质。     

Structurally and conformationally defined small methyl polysilanes

Possessing the property of sigma-bond electron delocalisation, polysilanes are a class of compounds with unique properties. In recent years major progress has been achieved in the theoretical understanding and the synthesis of polysilanes. Much insight into the connection between conformation and electronic properties has been gained from studies of defined small polysilane molecules. The transition from Wurtz type coupling reactions to the stepwise construction of polysilane molecules employing silyl anions as key intermediates has permitted access to defined compounds with a higher degree of structural complexity. Besides this, several methods have been developed to control the conformational properties and thus gain control over the electronic properties of polysilanes.     

含三氟甲基聚硅烷的合成及其紫外光降解

用Wurtz法合成了聚甲基苯基硅烷、聚(对三氟甲基苯基)(甲基)-甲基苯基硅烷以及聚(对三氟甲基苯基)(苯基)-甲基苯基硅烷3种聚硅烷。用IR、GPC和荧光光谱对产物进行表征,并研究了其紫外光降解性能。从电子结构角度解释了不同聚硅烷在荧光以及紫外光降解行为方面的差异。结果表明,在苯环对位引入吸电子基团三氟甲基有利于紫外光降解的进行,而苯环的增多则会阻碍紫外光降解。     

四苯(基)苯基聚硅烷、乙烯基聚硅烷以及二者共聚物的XPS研究

本文报道四苯(基)苯基聚硅烷、乙烯基聚硅烷以及它们的共聚物的X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究。由反映在C_(1s)和Si_(2p)的振起伴峰表征了分子中(P-P)_x、(P-d)_x和(d-d)_x键的存在,同时也探讨了它们各自的XPS价带谱特征。     

Practical method for the synthesis of polysilanes using Mg and Lewis acid system

Reduction of dichlorosilanes with Mg metal in the presence of Lewis acid and LiCl was found to be the highly practical method for the synthesis of polysilanes.     

Exploiting catalytic dehydrogenative coupling in the synthesis and study of polysilanes

A reinvestigation of the catalytic activity of Wilkinson's catalyst, (Ph₃P)₃RhCl ( 1 ), for the dehydrogenative coupling reactions of secondary silanes has pointed the way toward the synthesis of key oligosilane reagents for structure property correlation studies of polysilanes. Implications are discussed for understanding the mechanisms of coupling and redistribution reactions of silanes mediated by such late metal centres. Also described are attempts to derivatize Si-H bonds in the resulting oligosilanes, which is highly relevant to the development of improved methods for the post-polymerization functionalization of polysilanes containing Si-H bonds.     

Highly selective photoinduced perfluoroalkylation of vinylsilanes and its application to synthesis of water-shedding polysilanes

The functionalization of polysilanes is an important subject in materials science because functionalized polysilanes are expected to exhibit potentially innovative properties. This research aims at the addition of a water-shedding property to polysilanes by introducing perfluoroalkyl groups into their skeleton. The photoinduced iodoperfluoroalkylation of various vinylsilanes takes place successfully upon irradiation with a xenon lamp: vinylmonosilanes undergo iodoperfluoroalkylation with perfluoroalkyl iodides (R_fI) regioselectively, and the corresponding perfluoroalkylated silanes are obtained in moderate to high yields. Detailed optimization of the photoinduced iodoperfluoroalkylation has been investigated to apply this method to the functionalization of polysilanes. Polysilanes having vinyl groups can be synthesized by the reductive coupling of dichlorovinylsilanes with samarium diiodide (SmI₂) and samarium metal (Sm) upon irradiation with visible light. The synthesized vinylpolysilanes and R_fI (about 1.0 mM CHCl₃ solution) are coated on a glass plate sequentially, and then the following photoirradiation with light of a wavelength over 300 nm successfully adds an excellent water-shedding property to the glass plate.     

Abrupt interfacial transitions of hydrophobic polysilanes as probed via liquid crystal-assisted stepwise deposition

The Langmuir-Blodgett deposition was applied for the first time for fully hydrophobic polysilanes, poly(di-n-hexylsilane) (PDHS) and poly(methyl-n-octylsilane) (PMOS). The monolayer formation of such hydrophobic polysilanes was achieved by cospreading with a liquid crystal molecule, 4'-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). The UV-visible absorption spectra showed that the backbone conformations of the polysilanes are completely different from that in the bulk. The layer-by-layer deposition allowed for the nanometer level evaluation of the thickness profile on the conformational changes. It is found that the conformational change of these hydrophobic polysilanes abruptly occurs at a monolayer level thickness boundary.     

Visible absorption of iodine-doped polysilane with p-N,N-dialkylaminophenyl substituents

The doping effects on optical and electrical properties of polysilanes were investigated by in-situ measurement. When polysilanes bearing a p-N,N-dialkylaminophenyl substituent were doped with iodine vapor, drastic spectral changes were observed. The evolved visible absorption up to 700 nm was found to be strong and stable compared to that of iodine-doped polysilanes such as poly(methylphenylsilane). On the basis of the studies concerning iodine doping of the related p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-substituted silane and disilane, and also theoretical calculations, this new absorption can be best interpreted by the result of charge transfer consisting of the strong interaction between iodine and dialkylamino substituents in the polysilanes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.