Features of the linear stage of development of 3D wave packets in a plane Poiseuille flow

In the framework of the asymptotic theory of free interaction, the linear stage of the development of 3D wave packets in a plane Poiseuille flow is studied. Numerical results show the presence of “ripples” in the lateral direction in the first phase of the linear stage. The disturbances propagate within a certain angle.     

Features of wave packets in the plane Poiseuille-Couette flow

Within the framework of the triple-deck theory, it is shown that the growth of the relative wall velocity in the Poiseuille-Couette flow leads to perturbations splitting into two wave packets, of which one grows faster and propagates at a higher velocity.     

Hydromagnetic linear instability analysis of Giesekus fluids in plane Poiseuille flow

The effects of a fluid’s elasticity are investigated on the instability of plane Poiseuille flow on the presence of a transverse magnetic field. To determine the critical Reynolds number as a function of the Weissenberg number, a two-dimensional linear temporal stability analysis will be used assuming that the viscoelastic fluid obeys Giesekus model as its constitutive equation. Neglecting terms nonlinear in the perturbation quantities, an eigenvalue problem is obtained which is solved numerically by using the Chebyshev collocation method. Based on the results obtained in this work, fluid’s elasticity is predicted to have a stabilizing or destabilizing effect depending on the Weissenberg number being smaller or larger than one. Similarly, solvent viscosity and also the mobility factor are both found to have a stabilizing or destabilizing effect depending on their magnitude being smaller or larger than a critical value. In contrast, the effect of the magnetic field is predicted to be always stabilizing.     

Parallel linear multigrid by agglomeration for the acceleration of 3D compressible flow calculations on unstructured meshes

In this paper, we report on our recent efforts concerning the design of parallel linear multigrid algorithms for the acceleration of 3-dimensional compressible flow calculations. The multigrid strategy adopted in this study relies on a volume agglomeration principle for the construction of the coarse grids starting from a fine discretization of the computational domain. In the past, this strategy has mainly been studied in the 2-dimensional case for the solution of the Euler equations (see Lallemand et al. [6]), the laminar Navier–Stokes equations (see Mavriplis and Venkatakrishnan [12]) and the turbulent Navier–Stokes equations (see Carré [1], Mavriplis [10] and Francescatto and Dervieux [4]). A first extension to the 3-dimensional case is presented by Mavriplis and Venkatakrishnan in [13] and more recently in Mavriplis and Pirzadeh [11]. The main contribution of the present work is twofold: on the one hand, we demonstrate the successful extension and application of the multigrid by a volume agglomeration principle to the acceleration of complex 3-dimensional flow calculations on unstructured tetrahedral meshes and, on the other hand, we enhance further the efficiency of the methodology through its adaptation to parallel architectures. Moreover, a nontrivial aspect of this work is that the corresponding software developments are taking place in an existing industrial flow solver. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the separation of a slow linear shear flow from a cylindrical ridge or trough in a plane

A slow linear shear flow past a plane with a cylindrical ridge or trough is considered. It is shown that an infinite set of vortices exist in a finite region in the neighbourhood of the line of intersection between a cylindrical ridge and a plane if the angle of intersection is less than about 146.3°, the extent of the eddy region increasing as the angle of intersection decreases. For ridges with larger angles of intersection, separation of the flow from the boundary does not occur. However, with a depression or trough in the plane, separation of the flow from the wall of the trough occurs if the angle of intersection between the trough and the plane is more than about 65.15°. For angles greater than this value, there is a closed addy region consisting of one vortex. In the limit when the trough becomes a half-space, the flow is anti-symmetrical about the plane of the boundary.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine langsame Scherströmung über eine ebene Fläche mit einem zylindrischen Grat oder eine Vertiefung betrachtet. Es wird gezeigt, dass wenn der Schnittwinkel kleiner ist als etwa 146.3°, dann in einem begrenzten Gebiet nahe der Schnittlinie zwischen dem Zylinder und der Fläche eine unendliche Menge von Wirbeln existiert, wobei das Ausmass des Wirbelgebietes grösser wird, wenn sich der Schnittwinkel verkleinert. Für Gräte mit grösseren Schnittwinkeln entsteht keine Ablösung des Stroms von der Grenzlinie. Wenn jedoch die Fläche eine Senkung oder Vertiefung aufweist, dann ergibt sich eine Ablösung des Stroms von der Vertiefungswand, wenn der spitze Winkel der Schnittlinie zwischen Vertiefung und Fläche mehr als etwa 65.15° beträgt. Für Winkel die diesen Wert überschreiten, ergibt sich ein geschlossenes Wirbelgebiet, das nur aus einem Wirbel besteht. Im Grenzfall, wo die Vertiefung ein Halbraum wird, fliesst der Strom antisymmetrisch über die Grenzfläche.

     

Linear unbiased approximators of the disturbances in the standard linear model

The least squares residuals from the standard linear model have a variance matrix which is a function of the n × q matrix of observations on the regressors. We examine two classes of residuals which do not suffer from this defect. Our first class of residuals (LUZ residuals) has a variance matrix which is a scalar multiple of an n × n idempotent matrix of rank n ? q specified by the user, and our second class of residuals (LUS residuals) has a variance matrix which is a scalar multiple of the (n ? q)×(n ? q) identity matrix.     

On the complexity of locating linear facilities in the plane

We consider the computational complexity of linear facility location problems in the plane, i.e., given n demand points, one wishes to find r lines so as to minimize a certain objective-function reflecting the need of the points to be close to the lines. It is shown that it is NP-hard to find r lines so as to minimize any isotone function of the distances between given points and their respective nearest lines. The proofs establish NP-hardness in the strong sense. The results also apply to the situation where the demand is represented by r lines and the facilities by n single points.     

A linear algorithm for integer programming in the plane

We show that a 2-variable integer program, defined by m constraints involving coefficients with at most bits, can be solved with O(m+) arithmetic operations on rational numbers of size O().     

Features of the dynamics of nonlinear waves in plane domains

An analysis of the dynamics of three-dimensional nonlinear waves on a torus has shown that their attractors are the so-called self-organization regimes, which are created from trajectories crowding together and have several remarkable features. Specifically, they are well ordered with respect to spatial and time variables, and their energy is fairly high and decreases gradually with decreasing elasticity coefficient, which itself evolves into a diffusion chaos. The role of this paper is twofold. First, the features of self-organization regimes are analyzed in the case of Neumann boundary conditions. Second, the stages leading to the detection of this phenomenon are described in detail.     

Optimal guaranteed control of linear systems under disturbances

This paper is devoted to the problem of the minimax control of a dynamical system with quadratic performance functional under external disturbances and geometric control constraints. The optimal guaranteed control strategy is obtained in explicit form.Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 198–205, August, 1996.This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under grant No. 95-01-000771a.     

Spatial behaviour of solutions in the plane Stokes flow

Some new methods are described in the study of the spatial behaviour of solutions in the slow flow of an incompressible viscous fluid along a semi-infinite strip subject to zero velocity on the lateral sides, a prescribed time-dependent specified velocity on the end and zero initial conditions. These methods provide an improved estimated decay rate over those previously predicted on the subject.     

Superstabilization of linear dynamic plants under operator disturbances

We consider the state stabilization problem for a linear stationary plant whose parameters and dynamic order can change jumpwise in the course of operation, which leads to changes in its mathematical model. We assume that the set of all possible mathematical models corresponding to the plant is finite. To solve this problem, we suggest to use the simultaneous superstabilization method and the dynamic order extension method.     

Endomorphisms of the plane sending linear coordinates to coordinates

Let be a field of characteristic zero. We show that an endomorphism of which sends each linear coordinate to a coordinate is an automorphism of .

     

Stationary critical points of the heat flow in the plane

In previous papers [MS 1, 2], we considered stationary critical points of solutions of the initial-boundary value problems for the heat equation on bounded domains in ℝ^N,N ≧ 2. In [MS 1], we showed that a solutionu has a stationary critical pointO if and only ifu satisfies a certain balance law with respect toO for any time. Furthermore, we proved necessary and sufficient conditions relating the symmetry of the domain to the initial datau ₀; in this way, we gave a characterization of the ball in ℝ^N([MS 1]) and of centrosymmetric domains ([MS 2]). In the present paper, we consider a rotationA _dby an angle 2π/d,d ≧ 2 for planar domains and give some necessary and some sufficient conditions onu ₀ which relate to domains invariant underA _d. We also establish some conjectures. This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (# 10640175) and (B) (# 12440042) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The first author was supported also by the Italian MURST.     

Doubly nilpotent numbers in the 2D plane

Dual numbers, split-quaternions, split-octonions, and other number systems with nilpotent spaces have received sporadic yet persistent interest, beginning from their roots in the 19th century, to more recent attention in connection with supersymmetry in physics. In this paper, a number system in the 2D plane is investigated, where the squares of its basis elements p and q each map into the coordinate origin. Modeled similarly to an original concept by C. Musès, this new system will be termed “PQ space” and presented as a generalization of nilpotence and zero. Compared to the complex numbers, its multiplicative group and underlying vector space are equipped with as little as needed modifications to achieve the desired properties. The locus of real powers of basis elements p^α and q^α resembles a four-leaved clover, where the coordinate origin at (0, 0) will not only represent the additive identity element, but also a map of “directed zeroes” from the multiplicative group. Algebraic and geometric properties of PQ space are discussed, and its naturalness advertised by comparison with other systems. The relation to Musès’ “p and q numbers” is shown and its differences defended. Next to possible applications and extensions, a new butterfly-shaped fractal is generated from a recursion algorithm of Mandelbrot type.     

Central affine curve flow on the plane

We give the following for Pinkall’s central affine curve flow on the plane: (i) a systematic and simple way to construct the known higher commuting curve flows, conservation laws, and a bi-Hamiltonian structure, (ii) Bäcklund transformations and a permutability formula, (iii) infinitely many families of explicit solutions. We also solve the Cauchy problem for periodic initial data.     

Numerical analysis of 3D vortical cavity flow

The vortical flows of an incompressible fluid in a rectangular three-dimensional container with a large spanwise aspect ratio driven by a moving solid lid are studied using a combined compact finite difference (CCD) scheme with high accuracy and high resolution. The study focuses on the change of the steady flow structures in the cavity with Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 850. The results of the flow in the cavity with a spanwise aspect ratio 6.55 show that several stable closed streamlines localized near the symmetric plane are found at Re ≥500, while a closed stable streamline is found near the side wall at Re ≤300. The change of the flow pattern present in this system affects the diffusion properties in the flow but seems to have no qualitative effect on the global flow properties which include energy dissipation in the cavity. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)