贵州遵义二叠系锰矿床中稀土元素赋存状态研究

贵州遵义地区是中国华南二叠系锰矿重要富集区之一,锰资源储量逾2亿t。通过对遵义长征、南茶及统子窝锰矿床23件岩矿石样品稀土元素组成进行测试分析,发现锰矿床普遍富集稀土元素,其中矿石∑REE总量介于326.3~1138.9×10~(-6)之间,平均538.84×10~(-6)。锰矿中凝灰岩∑REE总量最高,达到1824.5×10~(-6)。电子探针和能谱分析结果表明,锰矿中稀土元素主要以稀土独立矿物的形式存在,其中独居石、磷钇矿是最主要的稀土矿物,其以富集Ce,La和Nd为主要特征,部分矿段重稀土元素Y相对富集,指示遵义二叠系锰矿床伴生稀土组分主要以富集轻稀土元素为主要特征。     

南方离子型稀土矿区马尾松稀土元素的分布与富集

为探讨南方离子型稀土矿区马尾松地上部分各器官稀土元素的分布与富集特征,采集福建省长汀县濯田镇马尾松下的土壤样品和地上部分各器官(树皮、树干、树枝和树叶)样品,测定其稀土元素。结果表明:马尾松下的土壤稀土元素含量平均值为275.15 mg·kg~(-1),轻重稀土元素分异明显, Ce元素富集明显, Eu元素相对亏损;马尾松地上部分各器官稀土元素含量普遍较低, LREE高于HREE,轻重稀土元素分异。马尾松地上部分各器官稀土元素球粒陨石分布模式中, Ce元素和Eu元素明显正异常,马尾松树干、树叶重稀土元素标准化后明显波动分布,呈锯齿状,马尾松树皮和树枝波动幅度小;其δCe(δEu)均大于1, Ce和Eu元素明显富集。马尾松地上部分各器官稀土元素的吸收系数均较小,该地区稀土元素由土壤到植物的迁移程度低,马尾松地上部分各器官对稀土元素的富集能力弱,但其生物量和提取稀土元素的能力不容忽视,可尝试将植物提取技术运用于该地区的稀土净化。     

云南元江岔河铜矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

为研究云南元江岔河铜矿床成矿流体特征,通过对流体包裹体的岩相学特征研究发现,岔河铜矿床流体包裹体分以气液两相包裹体为主。包裹体显微测温数据表明,成矿期石英流体包裹体均一温度在94~371℃之间,平均值为176℃,盐度(Na Cl的质量分数)介于10.62%~19.62%之间,说明成矿流体主要以中-低温、中等盐度为特征。从石英群体包裹体成分分析结果发现,包裹体气相成分主要以N2为主,CO2、H2O、O2次之的特点,与任何单一流体成分均不相似,说明成矿流体可能为一种混合流体;结合地质特征,认为变质水应为主要成矿流体,液相成分以SO2-4为主,Cl-次之,F-与Cl-比值很低,说明成矿流体具有大气降水特征;Na+/K+值在1附近波动,说明成矿流体可能有岩浆水参与。因此,结合矿床地质特征,认为岔河铜矿床成矿流体为一种混合流体,可能为变质水、岩浆水和大气降水共同作用。     

西藏多不杂铜矿床稀土元素地球化学特征研究

探讨稀土元素地球化学对多不杂铜矿床成矿物质及流体来源的指示意义。选择相关岩矿石及金属矿物样品,测试其稀土元素组成。研究表明,岩矿石及金属矿物均具有轻稀土富集的特征,这是地幔流体作用成矿的标志。由磁铁矿→浸染状黄铁矿→脉状黄铁矿→黄铜矿演化,δEu值逐步从大于1过渡为小于1,即由正铕异常→负铕异常演化,这是含矿地幔流体作用导致熔浆→热液演化,引发交代蚀变,促使壳幔物质混染叠加成矿的依据。从花岗闪长斑岩→变质砂岩→玄武安山岩,总稀土元素呈现出逐步上升的趋势;花岗闪长斑岩和变质砂岩均为含矿地质体,构成了接触带成矿体系,它们的δEu值分别表现为大于1和小于1,即分别呈现出正铕异常和负铕异常;玄武安山岩不含矿,无明显的铕异常。     

热带海洋生物稀土元素生态化学特征分析研究

于中国南海南沙海域采集了30种鱼类、5种贝类和4种甲壳类热带海洋生物,以HNO3-H2 O2为消解体系,利用微波消解进行前处理,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了生物体中稀土元素( Rare earth elements, REE)的含量,分析了稀土元素的生态化学特征。结果表明,微波消解-ICP-MS方法测定稀土元素,各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.9997~1.0000),检出限可达ng/L,准确度高和精密度较好,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=3)<5.0%,各稀土元素回收率在91.5%~106.7%之间。鱼类、贝类和甲壳类生物样品中稀土总量(∑REE)变化范围分别为5.02~34.8μg/kg,30.4~1481μg/kg和103~863μg/kg,3类生物对各稀土元素的富集平均含量为甲壳类>贝类>鱼类,14种稀土元素在鱼类/贝类/甲壳类内含量存在明显正相关性(r>0.80);生物体内轻稀土元素( La~Eu)含量高于重稀土元素( Gd~Lu)含量,从稀土配分模式看出,鱼类/贝类/甲壳类中REE分布模式基本一致, Gd均出现负异常,轻重稀土元素之间有明显的分馏;生物体中δEu值出现负异常,δEu值与相应海域沉积物中δEu值相近,而δCe值出现正异常;同时研究了稀土元素在生物体中的富集和沉积物沉降过程中相关性等。本研究得出的关于热带海洋鱼类/贝类/甲壳类稀土元素的含量和分配规律,可为研究南海水体环境中稀土元素的含量水平和迁移富集提供基础资料。     

云南镇康芦子园铅锌多金属矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及意义

芦子园铅锌矿床位于"三江成矿带"南段保山-镇康地块,矿体赋存于上寒武统沙河厂组第二、三段(∈3s2,∈3s3)中的一套碳酸盐岩系中,矿体呈似层状、透镜状、脉状,严格受构造控制,矿体及其周围发育大量的矽卡岩矿物。矿区大理岩和矿石的稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素相对富集,具有中等Eu亏损异常及无明显的Ce异常;矽卡岩的稀土元素配分模式可分为两类:一类为中等Eu亏损异常;另一类为无明显Eu异常或较弱的Eu正异常。大理岩、矽卡岩和矿石具有相似的REE配分模式,均为轻稀土元素相对富集型,具有一定的负Eu异常及无明显Ce异常,向右倾斜,通过各类岩(矿)石稀土元素特征分析,并结合矿床地质特征,认为成矿作用主要是在相对还原的环境下进行,其成矿物质来源于深部热液,可能部分来源于赋矿地层(∈3s2,∈3s3)。研究认为,该矿床为赋存于碳酸盐岩地层中明显受构造控制的热液充填交代矽卡岩型铅锌矿床。     

南大西洋中脊表层沉积物中稀土元素的含量及分布模式分析

以HNO3-H2O2-HF为消解体系,对南大西洋中脊16个站位表层沉积物进行消解,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱测定了沉积物中稀土元素(Rare earth elements,REE)的含量,并分析了稀土元素的分布特征。结果表明,微波消解-ICP-MS方法测定稀土元素,各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.9997~1.0000),检出限可达ng/L,精密度好、准确度高,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)不大于3.0%,相对误差在6.0%以内。16个站位沉积物样品中稀土总量(∑RE)变化范围为37.25~134.77μg/g,轻重稀土元素含量比值(LRE/HRE)的变化范围是0.61~1.70,平均值为1.27,沉积物中富集轻稀土略明显;从稀土配分模式看出,各个站位REE分布模式基本一致,轻重稀土元素之间有明显的分馏;不同来源沉积物中稀土元素分布模式类似,陆地和海洋沉积物稀土存在稍微差异;沉积物中δEu和δCe均出现负异常,说明了稀土元素主要是来自于海水。本研究分析了南大西洋中脊稀土元素的含量和分配规律,为深入研究大西洋中稀土元素的分布提供技术支撑和参考数据。     

稀土元素在植物中的分异机制 (I) 小麦不同器官中的稀土元素分异模式及形成机制

以小麦为植物材料，利用外源稀土添加、营养液培养等人工控制手段，研究了稀土元素在植物体内的分异效应，并探讨了分异效应产生的机制。结果表明，稀土元素在小麦不同器官中出现显著分异。根系出现中稀土(MREE)富集特征和“M”型四重效应，分析是由稀土元素与PO4^3-的选择性沉淀造成。小麦地上部分稀土元素分布出现“W”型四重效应，分析也是由根部磷沉淀造成。与此同时，小麦茎部相对富集轻稀土(LREE)，叶中相对富集重稀土(HREE)。运用VMINTEQ程序计算了木质部溶液中稀土元素的结合形态主要有LnEDTA^-和Ln^3 (Ln指稀土元素)，但仅有LnEDTA^-表现出HREE相对富集特征，其他形态则表现出LREE相对富集特征。分析叶部LREE／HREE分异是吸收LnEDTA^-造成，而茎部LREE／HREE分异则是吸收Ln^3 和其他形态稀土的结果。细胞壁对Ln^3 的吸附也是导致以上分异特征的重要因素。     

古代铜矿冶炼过程中稀土元素的变化研究

主要研究稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程中的变化规律及其在冶金考古中的潜在应用。实验采用电感藕合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测试了湖北铜绿山、宁夏照壁山、山西中条山和内蒙古林西大井古代矿冶遗址的铜矿石，炼渣和铜锭的稀土元素含量，通过对其稀土总量和稀土配分模式的对比研究，探讨了稀土元素在古代铜矿冶炼过程中的化学行为。结果发现稀土元素在铜矿冶炼过程主要富集在炼渣中，金属铜中的稀土元素含量很低。因此，要想根据青铜器中的稀土元素特征示踪铜料来源，是很难实现的。通过对比各矿冶遗址的铜矿石、炼渣和铜锭的稀土配分曲线，发现炼渣的稀土配分曲线为判断古代所使用的冶炼技术及铜矿石的输出路线提供了可能。     

汪清油页岩干馏过程中稀土元素迁移特性

利用逐级化学提取实验和电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)相结合的方法,以吉林汪清罗子沟油页岩为研究对象,对油页岩原样及半焦中的稀土元素含量、地球化学特性、分布模式及其赋存状态进行研究。结果表明,与中国煤相比,汪清油页岩中稀土元素含量明显富集,且轻稀土元素富集程度高于重稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏明显。δCe_N为1.46,表现为明显正异常,表明其成岩环境不受海水影响,稀土元素与陆源岩关系密切且来源一致。汪清油页岩中稀土元素主要赋存在无机矿物质中,有机质中含量极少,硅铝化合物结合态占大部分,不同提取态对油页岩中稀土元素的分馏效应影响不同。经过干馏过程,油页岩半焦中稀土元素含量变化不大,稀土元素有明显富集趋势。稀土元素在干馏过程中的迁移主要是由于稳定态、硫化物结合态减少,碳酸盐结合态增多,其中铁锰氧化物结合态变化不明显。     

RM1: a reparameterization of AM1 for H, C, N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, and I

Twenty years ago, the landmark AM1 was introduced, and has since had an increasingly wide following among chemists due to its consistently good results and time-tested reliability--being presently available in countless computational quantum chemistry programs. However, semiempirical molecular orbital models still are of limited accuracy and need to be improved if the full potential of new linear scaling techniques, such as MOZYME and LocalSCF, is to be realized. Accordingly, in this article we present RM1 (Recife Model 1): a reparameterization of AM1. As before, the properties used in the parameterization procedure were: heats of formation, dipole moments, ionization potentials and geometric variables (bond lengths and angles). Considering that the vast majority of molecules of importance to life can be assembled by using only six elements: C, H, N, O, P, and S, and that by adding the halogens we can now build most molecules of importance to pharmaceutical research, our training set consisted of 1736 molecules, representative of organic and biochemistry, containing C, H, N, O, P, S, F, Cl, Br, and I atoms. Unlike AM1, and similar to PM3, all RM1 parameters have been optimized. For enthalpies of formation, dipole moments, ionization potentials, and interatomic distances, the average errors in RM1, for the 1736 molecules, are less than those for AM1, PM3, and PM5. Indeed, the average errors in kcal x mol(-1) of the enthalpies of formation for AM1, PM3, and PM5 are 11.15, 7.98, and 6.03, whereas for RM1 this value is 5.77. The errors, in Debye, of the dipole moments for AM1, PM3, PM5, and RM1 are, respectively, 0.37, 0.38, 0.50, and 0.34. Likewise, the respective errors for the ionization potentials, in eV, are 0.60, 0.55, 0.48, and 0.45, and the respective errors, in angstroms, for the interatomic distances are 0.036, 0.029, 0.037, and 0.027. The RM1 average error in bond angles of 6.82 degrees is only slightly higher than the AM1 figure of 5.88 degrees, and both are much smaller than the PM3 and PM5 figures of 6.98 degrees and 9.83 degrees, respectively. Moreover, a known error in PM3 nitrogen charges is corrected in RM1. Therefore, RM1 represents an improvement over AM1 and its similar successor PM3, and is probably very competitive with PM5, which is a somewhat different model, and not fully disclosed. RM1 possesses the same analytical construct and the same number of parameters for each atom as AM1, and, therefore, can be easily implemented in any software that already has AM1, not requiring any change in any line of code, with the sole exception of the values of the parameters themselves.     

A novel three-component reaction of 1, 1-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethylenes,primary arylamines,and ketones

1, 1-Dicyano-2, 2-bis(trifluoromethyl)ethylene and 3, 3-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylates react with primary arylamines in the presence of ketones to form 1, 1-aryl-1, 4-dihydropyridme derivatives under mild conditions. The mechanism of this three-component reaction includes the formation of Schiffs bases as intermediates. 1, 4-Dihydropyridine derivatives, which are the products of three-component heterocyclization, were also obtained by reaction the corresponding Schiffs bases with 1, 1-dicyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethylenes.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 552–559, March, 1993.For preliminary communication see Ref. 1.     

Studies on 1, 2, 4-Benzothiadiazine 1, 1-Dioxide IX.1 Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1, 2, 4-Benzothiadiazine 1, 1-Dioxide Biphenyl Tetrazoles as Angiotensin II Antagonists

In the course of our investigations on the development of cardiovascular agents, 3-butyl-2-[2′-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)bipheny]-4-yl]methyl-2H-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine 1, 1-dioxide ( 2 ) was considered as a potential angiotensin II antagonist on the basis of bioisosteric replacement of the quinazoline ring of compound 1 with a 1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine 1, 1-dioxide ring system. Alkylation of 6 with 4 afforded 7 and 8 in 24% and 28% yields, respectively. An attempt to remove the trityl group of compounds 7 and 8 under acidic condition gave the ring opened products 9 and 11 in 28% and 36% yields, respectively. However, compounds 2 and 10 were obtained in 46% and 85% yields when compounds 7 and 8 were refluxed in methanol. Preliminary assays of compounds 9 and 11 against angiotensin II receptors revealed weak activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.6 μM and 5.4 μM, respectively. Compound 10 (IC₅₀ = 87 nM) exhibited stronger binding affinity than compound 2 (IC₅₀ = 750 nM).     

2,6-二甲基-3-苯基-4a-对甲苯基-7-苯甲酰基-4a,5,6,12-四氢-1H,7H-1,3-噁嗪并[3,2-d][1,5]-苯并二氮杂-1-酮的合成及晶体结构

通过2-甲基-4-对甲苯基-1-苯甲酰基-2，3-二氢-1H－1，5-苯并二氮杂与由不对称1-苯基-2-偶氮-1，3-丁二酮热解产生的a-羰基烯酮的[2＋4]环加成反应制备了标题化合物（C34H30N2O3，Mr=514．62），用X射线衍射测定了其单晶结构。晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为P21／n，a=11．560（1），b=19．058（3），c=13．207（2）A，β=106.82（1）°，V=2785.2（7）A3，Z=4，Dc=1．230g．cm-3，MoKa（λ=0.71073A），μ=0．064mm-1，F（000）=1088，2278个可观测衍子射点，R=0．046，Rw=0．049。分子骨架为由苯环、具有类扭船式构象的七元二氮杂环和略微扭曲的唑酮环构成的三环体系。     

Viscosity of the systems m-xylene, +1-propanol, +2-propanol, +1-butanol, +t-butanol

Viscosities, η, of the systems, m-xylene, +1-propanol, +2-propanol, +1-butanol and +t-butanol have been measured for the whole range of composition at 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15?K. The variation of viscosities has been plotted against mole fraction of alkanols. Viscosities have been found to increase slowly up to a considerable concentration of alkanols, followed by a rapid rise of viscosities at higher concentrations. The slow rise of viscosity is attributed to dissociation of alkanols in m-xylene, while the rapid rise of viscosity is ascribed to self-association of alkanols. Excess viscosities, η^E, have been plotted as a function of mole fraction of alkanols. The curves show negative values for the whole range of composition, with minima occurring in alkanol-rich region.?η?and η^E have been fitted to appropriate polynomial equations. The study shows the effect of branching and chain length of alkanols on?η?and η^E.     

Photo-induced Coupling Reaction of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2, 2-dicyanoethylene with 10-Methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine

In a previous communication1, we reported a novel photo-induced coupling of 9-fluorenylidenemalononitrile 1 with the coenzyme NADH model 10-methyl-9, 10-dihydroacridine (AcrH2) to give 9-dicyanomethyl-9-(10-methyl-9-acridinyl)fluorene and proposed a mechanism involving photo-induced electron transfer-proton transfer and radical coupling. This is a scarce mechanism for the reaction of NADH models2, which usually takes place by a formal hydride transfer pathway3. In view of the novelty of t…     

EFFECTS OF SOME PHENYLETHYNYLSILICON COMPOUNDS ON HEAT-CURABLE SILICONE RUBBER Ⅲ 1, 1, 3, 3-TETRAMETHYL-1, 3-DIPHENYLETHYNYL-DISILOXANE*

We have shown that some phenylethynylsilicon compounds are good cure crosslinkersof heat-curable silicone rubber(HCSR). In this paper the effects of 1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyl-1, 3-diphenylethynyldisiloxane (TMDPDS) as a crosslinker on HCSR were studied. Thevulcanizates with fine mechanical properties could be obtained with suitable amounts ofTMDPDS. Sol fractions, and crosslinking density of vulcanizates and vulcanizationretardation effect of TMDPDS on hydrosilation curing silicone rubber were also discussed.     

Infrared and Raman spectra, conformational stability, normal coordinate analysis, ab initio calculations, and vibrational assignment of 1-fluoro-1-methylsilacyclobutane

The infrared (3500–40 cm⁻¹) spectra of gaseous and solid 1-fluoro-1-methylsilacyclobutane, c-C₃H₆SiF(CH₃), have been recorded. Additionally, the Raman spectrum (3500–30 cm⁻¹) of the liquid has been recorded and quantitative depolarization values have been obtained. Both the axial and equatorial (with respect to the methyl group) conformers have been identified in the fluid phases. Variable temperature (−55–−100°C) studies of the infrared spectra of the sample dissolved in liquid xenon have been carried out. From these data, the enthalpy difference has been determined to be 267±10 cm⁻¹ (3.19±0.12 kJ mol⁻¹), with the axial conformer being the more stable form and the only conformer remaining in the polycrystalline solid. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for the axial conformer and many of the fundamentals for the equatorial conformer have also been identified. The vibrational assignments are supported by normal coordinate calculations utilizing ab initio force constants. Complete equilibrium geometries have been determined for both rotamers by ab initio calculations employing the 6-31G* and 6-311++G** basis sets at the levels of restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) and/or Moller–Plesset (MP) to second order. The results are discussed and compared to those obtained for some similar molecules.     

Reaction of 1, 1-Di-p-methoxyphenyl-2, 2-dinitroethylene and 1, 1-Di-O-methoxyphenyl-2, 2-dinitroethylene with 1-Benzyl-1, 4-dihydronicotinamide： Evidence for Concerted Electron-hydrogen Atom Transfer Mechanism

1,1-Di-p-methoxyphenyl-2, 2-dinitroethylene reacts with 1-benzyl-1, 4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) in deaerated acetonitrile to give 1,1-di-p-methoxyphenyl-2, 2-dinitroethane,while 1,1-di-O-methoxyphenyl-2, 2-dinitroethylene fails to react with BNAH under the same conditions, which provides evidence for a concerted electron-hydrogen atom transfer mechanism.