微量元素与血管性痴呆(2)

血管性痴呆是仅次于阿尔茨海默病的第二大类型痴呆群。随着心血管疾病和人口老龄化的增加,血管性痴呆已成为影响人类健康的又一重大公共卫生问题。从中国血管性痴呆的流行状况、中国血管性痴呆的危险因素、微量元素在血管性痴呆中的作用三个方面论述微量元素在血管性痴呆预防和治疗中的潜在意义。     

TCD检测MCA供血区非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的血流动力学相关性研究

目的探讨TCD检测MCA供血区非痴呆型血管认知障碍患者的血流动力学的变化关系。方法选取2015年10月至2016年10月在佳木斯大学附属第一医院门诊和住院部被确诊为MCA供血区缺血性脑梗死的患者80例,将被诊断为非痴呆型血管性认知障碍36例患者为观察组,同时选取被确诊为无血管性认知障碍的44例患者为对照组。通过TCD检测两组患者MCA的血流速度、脉动指数。比较两组的血流速度及脉动指数的关系。结果观察组患者非痴呆型血管性认知障碍与认知正常的对照组之间TCD脑血流动力学存在差异,观察组的各期血流速度均较对照组降低(P0.05),而脉动指数增高(P0.05),均具有统计学意义。结论 TCD检测MCA供血区缺血性脑卒中患者的血流速度和脉动指数可以指导临床医师早期对VCI-ND的辅助诊断。     

中国的中药微量元素研究Ⅱ.微量元素:中药有效药成分的核心组分

在中国开展的中药微量元素研究证明,中药有效药成分由有机药成分和无机药成分组成,两者共生共存。从含水络合离子、天然有机金属配合物、中药有机药成分-微量元素配合物,以及中药有机药成分-微量元素复合物四个方面,论述了微量元素在中药有效药成分中的核心地位和核心作用。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(1)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.2%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(9)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.0%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(7)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.0%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(8)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.0%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(5)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.0%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(2)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.2%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

微量元素与阿尔茨海默病(6)

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是目前老年人最为关注的重要健康问题。中国55岁以上人群的AD患病率已超过2.0%,患病总人数在600万以上,中国已成为全球痴呆人数最多、速度增加最快的国家。至今人们对该病病因及其机制的了解仍然有限,亦无有效的药物可以阻止和治疗该病的发生和发展。该文在前人研究的基础上,全面总结并提出了该病病理的微量元素稳态障碍假设,详尽阐述了新学说的三个组成部分及四个方面的实践证据。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.