海藻酸壳聚糖可塑性支架材料的制备及表征

利用海藻酸钠和壳聚糖2种原料, 采用阴阳离子静电复合原理, 通过滴注法层层自组装成可搭载药物的缓释微球, 再按一定比例与海藻酸钠-壳聚糖溶液混合制成缓释微球型支架材料, 将缓释微球结构嵌入疏松多孔海绵状结构中. 研究了缓释微球的组分比对缓释微球型支架材料的孔隙率、 收缩率、 亲水性及降解性能的影响; 扫描电子显微镜照片显示, 微球结构相对完整, 多孔海绵状结构孔径为140~200 μm; 支架浸出液细胞毒性检测实验组对照组未见差异. 缓释微球体积所占比例即组分比为10%的缓释微球型支架材料孔隙率最高为68.2%~70.8%, 亲水性最好, 收缩率最低为4.4%~5.2%; 支架降解速率随缓释微球组分比升高而减慢, 组分比为20%的缓释微球型支架材料综合性能更优; 缓释微球型支架材料冻干成型前为液态, 具有良好可塑性. 缓释微球型支架材料为缓释系统与多孔支架材料有机结合提供了新思路.     

聚谷氨酸基超分子水凝胶的制备和表征

以接枝胆固醇的聚谷氨酸-聚乙二醇-聚谷氨酸三嵌段聚合物和接枝β-环糊精的聚谷氨酸为前躯体,通过主客体作用制备聚谷氨酸基超分子水凝胶.通过调控前躯体的浓度、胆固醇和环糊精的摩尔比,得到不同力学性能的水凝胶;改变三嵌段聚合物中聚谷氨酸的分子量,调控聚谷氨酸基超分子水凝胶的力学强度、微观形貌、溶胀行为和降解性能.研究结果表明,当聚合物浓度为150 g/L、环糊精和胆固醇的摩尔比为1∶1时,水凝胶的储存模量最大;聚谷氨酸的分子量越大,水凝胶的储存模量越大;水凝胶平均孔径10~30μm,溶胀度16%~30%,降解时间为40~72 d.水凝胶细胞毒性实验结果表明超分子水凝胶具有良好的生物相容性.     

明胶/聚乳酸复合纤维膜的制备、表征及作为角膜细胞载体的评价

利用静电纺丝技术制备了明胶与聚乳酸的复合纤维膜, 研究了组分配比对复合膜的表面性能、孔隙结构和力学性能的影响, 并以复合膜为组织工程支架进行兔角膜上皮细胞的体外培养. 采用扫描电子显微镜、免疫荧光染色和噻唑蓝四氮唑溴化物(MTT)比色法综合评价了细胞在支架表面的黏附与增殖能力. 结果表明, 纺丝溶液的组分对纤维的直径分布和表面亲水性有显著影响, 不同组分配比的复合纤维膜均具有高孔隙率的通孔结构; 以明胶为基材可维持复合膜的细胞黏附性; 与聚乳酸复合可以明显提高复合膜的力学性能.     

聚乳酸接枝葡聚糖共聚物的合成及其体外降解行为的研究

研究了聚乳酸接枝葡聚糖梳型共聚物的合成 ,以及共聚物的结构特征、亲水性能及降解行为的表征 .结果表明由于亲水性葡萄糖单元组分的引入以及共聚物的梳型结构特征 ,聚乳酸接枝葡聚糖共聚物的亲水性明显优于相应的线型聚乳酸 ,而且降解速度也明显加快 .由于这类梳型结构的聚多糖 聚酯共聚物综合了聚多糖细胞亲和性好和聚酯生物降解速率可调节性的特点 ,因此有望成为一类优良的细胞支架材料 .     

生物3D打印PLCL/PPDO基骨修复支架

通过生物3D打印将聚L-丙交酯-己内酯PLCL(摩尔比：LLA/CL=90/10)和聚对二氧环己酮PPDO共混物制备成平均孔径约为500μm,孔隙率为60%的骨修复支架,并进行了15 w的降解实验。通过DSC测试分析材料和支架的热力学性能;通过SEM照片分析骨修复支架。结果表明：PPDO的加入明显缩短了PLCL/PPDO复合支架的降解时间;当支架中PPDO的含量超过10%时,PLCL和PPDO的相容性越差,支架表面的粗糙程度越高,且支架内部相分离越明显。     

Co-Ni／SiO2催化剂催化乙酸重整制氢反应研究

用浸渍法制备了一系列Co-Ni/SiO2催化剂,利用固定床反应器对催化剂在乙酸重整制氢反应中的催化性能进行了测试,详细研究了Co-Ni配比、活性组分负载量,反应温度,空速及水碳比对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,该催化剂能高效催化乙酸重整反应.当Co和Ni摩尔比例为0.5∶1,活性组分质量百分含量为15%时催化剂呈现最好的催化活性,在水碳摩尔比为7.5∶1,温度大于500℃时可使乙酸完全转化,并且氢和二氧化碳选择性均达95%以上.     

基于多齿功能单体的三聚氰胺印迹材料的制备及应用

以三聚氰胺(MEL)为模板分子,采用沉淀聚合方法研究了以衣康酸(IA)为多齿功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂时,组分之间摩尔比对三聚氰胺印迹聚合物(MIP)选择性的影响.研究发现,当MEL与IA摩尔比为1∶1.5时,所合成的MIP对三聚氰胺具有最佳选择性,选择性系数k=10.41(以三聚氰酸为对照物).此时IA的识别位点(羧基)与三聚氰胺的可识别位点(胺基)摩尔比为1∶1,因此,不会出现由过量功能单体引起的非特异性吸附.Scatchard分析结果表明,这种MIP能够在更宽的三聚氰胺浓度范围(1～100 mg/L)内只表现出特异性吸附.以灭蝇胺为对照物时,kNIP<1但kMIP>1,该结果证明MIP对分子的形状有良好的识别能力.最后,以制备的MIP为固相萃取吸附剂,结合高效液相色谱/紫外检测器(HPLC/UV)建立了三聚氰胺测定方法.当牛奶(奶粉)中MEL的加标浓度分别为15,600和4500μg/L(μg/kg)时检测的加标回收率为92.34%～109.4%.     

HPLC衍生化法分析决明子多糖水解产物中单糖组分及其多糖组成特征的研究

分别利用分光光度法和1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化/HPLC法分析了12批不同批次药材的决明子多糖及其水解产物中的单糖组分,以水解的单糖组分建立了决明子多糖的HPLC指纹图谱,并研究了决明子多糖的组成特征。结果表明,经过纯化的决明子多糖含量在93.41%~98.57%之间,以甘露糖为参照峰建立了12批药材的指纹图谱,相似度在0.963~0.999之间,多糖水解产物中单糖组分的含量在1.617~304.5 mg/g之间,7个共有峰组分含量大小分布均依次为:甘露糖木糖半乳糖葡萄糖阿拉伯糖葡萄糖醛酸氨基半乳糖,显示了决明子多糖的基本组成结构特征,12批药材的决明子多糖中各单糖的平均摩尔比为甘露糖∶木糖∶半乳糖∶葡萄糖∶阿拉伯糖∶葡萄糖醛酸∶氨基半乳糖=43.0∶24.2∶15.4∶5.6∶5.5∶3.4∶2.9。指纹图谱相似度分析和多糖的组成特征分析对市售药材的分析鉴定结果一致,可作为决明子多糖结构分析及其质量控制的依据。     

不同形貌/晶型CdSe纳米材料的合成

以乙二胺(en)为溶剂, 通过调控反应物中镉源与硒源的摩尔比得到了不同形貌与晶型的CdSe纳米材料, 达到了同时调控形貌与晶型的目的. 当反应物中镉源与硒源摩尔比为1∶1时, 得到的产物为en体系常见的六方相棒状CdSe纳米晶体；当反应物中镉源与硒源摩尔比为1∶2时, 得到的产物为立方相CdSe纳米颗粒. 进一步研究结果表明, 反应体系中Se^2－离子生成的多少及速度是影响反应进程得到不同产物的关键.     

不同形貌/晶型CdSe纳米材料的合成

以乙二胺(en)为溶剂, 通过调控反应物中镉源与硒源的摩尔比得到了不同形貌与晶型的CdSe纳米材料, 达到了同时调控形貌与晶型的目的. 当反应物中镉源与硒源摩尔比为1∶1时, 得到的产物为en体系常见的六方相棒状CdSe纳米晶体；当反应物中镉源与硒源摩尔比为1∶2时, 得到的产物为立方相CdSe纳米颗粒. 进一步研究结果表明, 反应体系中Se^2－离子生成的多少及速度是影响反应进程得到不同产物的关键.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.