Monitoring dehydration and condensation processes of Na2HPO4*12H2O using thermo-Raman spectroscopy

Thermal dehydration and condensation processes of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (Na2HPO4*12H2O) were monitored by thermo-Raman spectroscopy (TRS). Various hydrated forms Na2HPO4*12H2O, Na2HPO4*8H2O, Na2HPO4*7H2O, Na2HPO4*2H2O, Na2HPO4*H2O and Na2HPO4 were observed, followed by condensation of Na2HPO4 to sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) in a dynamic thermal process. Representative Raman spectra of all the hydrated forms Na2HPO4*12H2O, Na2HPO4*8H2O, Na2HPO4*7H2O, Na2HPO4*2H2O, Na2HPO4*H2O and Na2HPO4 were detected in both H2O and PO4(3- )regions are reported. The thermo-Raman intensity (TRI) thermogram also showed systematic loss of water in five steps of dehydration, with the differential TRI thermogram in agreement shows five dips corresponding to the five steps of dehydration, respectively. Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) are in harmony with the results of TRS, though, the two could not resolve the steps involved.     

Na+, K+//Cl-, B4O2-7-H2O四元体系273 K介稳相平衡

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元体系Na+, K+//Cl-, B4O2-7-H2O 273 K时的介稳相平衡与相图. 测定了该体系273 K平衡液相中各组分的溶解度及平衡液相的密度; 绘制了该体系的介稳相图. 该四元体系273 K相图由5条溶解度单变量线、4个结晶区及2个共饱和点组成. 体系无复盐或固溶体形成. 四个结晶区分别对应单盐NaCl、KCl、K2B4O7·4H2O 和Na2B4O7·10H2O. 共饱点E1处KCl、NaCl及Na2B4O7·10H2O三盐共饱和,所对应的平衡液相组成为w(Cl-)=29.15%, w(B4O2-7)=0.64%, w(K+)=5.97%, w(Na+)=15.55%; 共饱和点E2处盐KCl、Na2B4O7·10H2O和K2B4O7·4H2O的三盐共饱和, 所对应的平衡液相组成为w(Cl-)=22.84%, w(B4O2-7)=10.98%, w(K+)=28.01%, w(Na+)=1.53%. 同体系298 K时的稳定相图相比, 273 K时硼酸钠的结晶区变大, 而硼酸钾、氯化钠结晶区变小.     

配位聚合物[Na2Co(ncpo)2·4H2O]n的合成、晶体结构与热分析

2-硝基-4-羧基-苯氧乙酸(ncpo)与两种金属离子Na(Ⅰ)和Co(Ⅱ)进行配位桥连得到配位聚合物[Na2Co(ncpo)2·4H2O].,采用元素分析和红外光谱对得到的配合物进行了表征.X单晶衍射仪测定晶体结构表明:[ Na2Co(ncpo)2·4H2O]n属于三斜晶系Pi空间群,晶胞参数:a=6.9212(2)...     

Synthesis and characterization of sodium vanadium oxide gels: the effects of water (n) and sodium (x) content on the electrochemistry of Na(x)V2O5·nH2O

Sodium vanadium oxide gels, Na(x)V(2)O(5)·nH(2)O, of varying sodium content (0.12 < x < 0.32) were prepared by careful control of an ion exchange process. The water content (0.23 > n > 0.01) and interlayer spacing were found to be inversely proportional to the sodium level (x), thus control of sodium (x) content provided a direct, chimie douce approach for control of hydration level (n) and interlayer spacing, without the need for high temperature treatment to affect dehydration. Notably, the use of high temperatures to modify hydration levels can result in crystallization and collapse of the interlayer structure, highlighting the distinct advantage of our novel chimie douce synthesis strategy. Subsequent to synthesis and characterization, results from an electrochemical study of a series of Na(x)V(2)O(5)·nH(2)O samples highlight the significant impact of interlayer water on delivered capacity of the layered materials. Specifically, the sodium vanadium oxide gels with higher sodium content and lower water content provided higher capacities in lithium based cells, where capacity delivered to 2.0 V under C/20 discharge ranged from 170 mAh/g for Na(0.12)V(2)O(5)·0.23H(2)O to 300 mAh/g for Na(0.32)V(2)O(5)·0.01H(2)O. The capacity differences were maintained as the cells were cycled.     

Self-assembled decanuclear Na(I)2Mn(II)4Mn(III)4 complexes: from discrete clusters to 1-D and 2-D structures, with the Mn(II)4Mn(III)4 unit displaying a large spin ground state and probable SMM behaviour

The synthesis, magnetic characterization and X-ray crystal structures are reported for five new manganese compounds, [Mn(III)(teaH(2))(sal)]·(1/2)H(2)O (1), [Na(I)(2)Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(4)(teaH)(6)(sal)(4)(N(3))(2)(MeOH)(4)]·6MeOH (2), [Na(I)(2)Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(4)(teaH)(6)(sal)(4)(N(3))(2)(MeOH)(2)](n)·7MeOH (3), [Na(I)(2)Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(4)(teaH)(6)(sal)(4)(N(3))(2)(MeOH)(2)](n)·2MeOH·Et(2)O (4) and [K(I)(2)Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(4)(teaH)(6)(sal)(4)(N(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](n)·5MeOH (5). Complex 1 is a mononuclear compound, formed via the reaction of Mn(NO(3))(2)·4H(2)O, triethanolamine (teaH(3)) and salicylic acid (salH(2)) in a basic methanolic solution. Compound 2 is a mixed-valent hetero-metallic cluster made up of a Mn(8)Na(2) decanuclear core and is formed via the reaction of sodium azide (NaN(3)) with 1. Compounds 3-5 are isolated as 1- or 2-D coordination polymers, each containing the decanuclear Mn(8)M(2) (M = Na(+) or K(+)) core building block as the repeating unit. Compound 3 is isolated when 1 is reacted with NaN(3) over a very short reaction time and forms a 1-D coordination polymer. Each unit displays inter-cluster bridges via the O-atoms of teaH(2-) ligands bonding to the sodium ions of an adjacent cluster. Increasing the reaction time appears to drive the formation of 4 which forms 2-D polymeric sheets and is a packing polymorph of 3. The addition of KMnO(4) and NaN(3) to 1 resulted in compound 5, which also forms a 1-D coordination polymer of the decanuclear core unit. The 1-D chains are now linked via inter-cluster potassium and salicylate bridges. Solid state DC susceptibility measurements were performed on compounds 1-5. The data for 1 are as expected for an S = 2 Mn(III) ion, with the isothermal M vs. H data being fitted by matrix diagonalization methods to give values of g and the axial (D) and rhombic (E) zero field splitting parameters of 2.02, -2.70 cm(-1) and 0.36 cm(-1) respectively. The data for 2-5, each with an identical Mn(II)(4)Mn(III)(4) metallic core, indicates large spin ground states, with likely values of S = 16 (±1) for each. Solid state AC susceptibility measurements confirm the large spin ground state values and is also suggestive of SMM behaviour for 2-5 as observed via the onset of frequency dependent out-of-phase peaks.     

含吡啶-2,5-二羧酸稀土-锌配位聚合物的合成结构和性能（英文）

Gd2O3,Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O和吡啶-2,5-二羧酸(H2pydc)的水热反应导致一个新颖的钆-锌配位聚合物[La2Zn2(pydc)5(H2O)2]n(1).化合物1的晶体属单斜晶系,空间群P21/c,a=9-5869(1), b=20.4862(3), c=10.1105(2)A,β=97.4890(10)°,V=1968.76(5)A3,Z=4.在同样的条件下,Er2O3或Tb4O7,Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O和H2pydc的水热反应产生了与化合物1结构不同的配位聚合物[Ln2Zn(pydc)4(H2O)8·H2O]n(Ln=Er(2); Ln=Tb(3)).化合物2和3异质同晶,空间群P1.对2:a=7.8708(7), b=9.2665(8), c=13.0232(11)A, α=75.295(1),β=75.000(2),γ=79.109(2)°,V=879.67(13)A3,Z=1; 对3:a=7.9105(5), b=9.3453(6), c=13.0005(9)A, α=75.3380(10),β=75.0460(10), γ=79.0050(10)°,V=890.17(10)A3,Z=1.X-射线单晶结构研究表明化合物1是一个三维网状结构,而化合物2和3为管状结构.热重分析研究表明所有化合物在380℃以下稳定.     

铬酸钠碳氨转化过程的相图分析

研究了铬酸钠碳氨转化过程中Na＋, NH4+// CrO42－, HCO3－-H2O体系的溶解度和相图.根据溶解度和相图对铬酸钠的氨水溶液碳氨转化过程固相析出行为进行分析.结果表明: 相图中存在NaNH4CrO4·2H2O复盐结晶区,浓度较高的铬酸钠氨水溶液转化过程中NaC(HO)3、(NH4)2CrO4和NaNH4CrO4·2H2O结晶可能同时析出,形成混晶.为避免同时析出铬酸铵、碳酸氢钠结晶,铬酸钠氨水初始溶液浓度应稍低于相图中P2(P2′)对应的组成,即为1 g H2O中Na2CrO4 0.8633～1.1377 g,氨0.0611～0.0986 g.     

以7H-苯并[c，g]卡唑-4，10-二磺酸为构筑块原位合成具有晶体学特征的二维层状锶配位聚合物

2，2′-二甲酰胺-1,1′-联二奈-5，5-二磺酸(H₂DCS)和SrCl₂·2H₂O反应生成了一个从未有过的二维层状配位聚合物{Sr₂[(DCS)₂ (H₂O)₂]·H₂O·C₂H₅OH}_n (1)(DCS=7H-苯并[c，g]卡唑-4，10-二磺酸阴离子)，其中配体DCS是通过原位合成的。另外，1在室温下显示了很强的蓝色荧光(445 nm)。晶体结构分析表明，化合物1的晶体属三斜晶系，空间群为P1(a=1.169 3(2) nm，b=1.299 1(3) nm，c=1.629 2(3) nm，α=97.606(4)°，β=107.691(4)°，γ=114.536(4)°，V=2.047 2(7) nm³，Z=2，M=1 126.19，D_c=1.827 Mg·m^-3)。     

Synthetically persistent, self assembled [V(IV)2V(V)4] polyoxovanadates: facile synthesis, structure and magnetic analysis

Slow diffusion in a H-tube at room temperature of a methanolic solution of [VO(acac)(2)] (Hacac = acetylacetone) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) into an aqueous solution of sodium pyrophosphate (Na(4)P(2)O(7)) resulted in the serendipitous formation of X-ray quality crystals of mixed-valent, hexameric oxovanadates of general formula [V(6)O(12)(OCH(3))(4)(L)(4)]·solv [L = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) for 1· 2CH(3)OH · 4H(2)O (1a), and 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) for 2· 4H(2)O (2a)]. These were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A facile, rationalized synthetic route for the isolation of 1a and 2a could be established following structural determination, involving NaOH in place of Na(4)P(2)O(7) as pH modulator. The use of distilled water (pH 7) as methanolic co-solvent also resulted in crystallization of the two complexes, proving the presence of a base in the reaction scheme is not vital, with slightly pH-depended yields noted for 2a only. A survey of the literature revealed the occurrence of several other procedures, from classical methods to hydrothermal routes, leading to different solvates of 1, the crystal structure of 2 being unreported in any form to date. The precise nature of the molecular assembly in these type of hybrid organic-inorganic poly-vanadates is contradictory in published reports. On the basis of newly acquired high resolution crystal data and supported by magnetic investigation of the samples, we propose herein a formulation as [(V(IV)O)(2)(V(V)O(2))(4)(μ(3)-O)(2)(μ-OCH(3))(4)(L)(4)], with two oxovanadyl(IV) and four dioxovanadyl(V) units per molecule. A net ferromagnetic coupling between the two isolated V(IV) metal centers was measured with literature-consistent J values of +16.1(1) and +19.7(1) cm(-1) for 1a and 2a, respectively [H = -JS(A)·S(B) + S(A)·D·S(B) + βH (g(A)S(A) + g(B)S(B))], suggesting that crystal packing forces do not significantly influence the magnetic properties of this class of materials. A facile route toward the synthesis of the fully-oxidized [V(V)(4)O(8)(CH(3)O)(4)(bipy)(2)] and [V(V)(4)O(6)(CH(3)O)(6)(acac)(2)] tetraoxovanadates is also reported.     

273 K下Na2CO3-Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-H2O四元体系介稳相平衡的实验研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元体系Na2CO3-Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-H2O在273 K时的介稳相平衡及平衡液相的密度. 利用溶解度数据绘制了该四元体系273 K下的相图. 研究结果表明, 该四元体系有异成分复盐2Na2SO4·Na2CO3形成. 相图中有2个共饱点、5条单变量曲线和4个结晶相区. 4个结晶相区分别为盐Na2CO3·10H2O, Na2SO4·10H2O, Na2B4O7·10H2O和2Na2SO4·Na2CO3的结晶区. 复盐2Na2SO4·Na2CO3同时存在于包含Na2CO3-Na2SO4-H2O三元体系的其它四元体系或高元体系中. 在273 K介稳平衡相图中, 碳酸钠以Na2CO3·10H2O形式析出; 硫酸钠以Na2SO4·10H2O的形式析出; 硼酸钠的完整分子式为Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O. Na2CO3对Na2B4O7有盐析作用.     

3d-Metal derivatives of the [Cu(I)(SO3)4]7- ion: structure and magnetism

The Cu(SO(3))(4)(7-) anion, which consists of a tetrahedrally coordinated Cu(I) centre coordinated to four sulfur atoms, is able to act as a multidentate ligand in discrete and infinite supramolecular species. The slow oxidation of an aqueous solution of Na(7)Cu(SO(3))(4) yields a mixed oxidation state, 2D network of composition Na(5){[Cu(II)(H(2)O)][Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}·6H(2)O. The addition of Cu(II) and 2,2'-bipyridine to an aqueous Na(7)Cu(SO(3))(4) solution leads to the formation of a pentanuclear complex of composition {[Cu(II)(H(2)O)(bipy)](4)[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}(+); a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions leads to the generation of infinite parallel channels that are occupied by disordered nitrate anions and water molecules. A pair of Cu(SO(3))(4)(7-) anions each act as a tridentate ligand towards a single Mn(II) centre when Mn(II) ions are combined with an excess of Cu(SO(3))(4)(7-). An anionic pentanuclear complex of composition {[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)](2)[Fe(III)(H(2)O)](3)(O)} is formed when Fe(II) is added to a Cu(+)/SO(3)(2-) solution. Hydrated ferrous [Fe(H(2)O)(6)(2+)] and sodium ions act as counterions for the complexes and are responsible for the formation of an extensive hydrogen bond network within the crystal. Magnetic susceptibility studies over the temperature range 2-300 K show that weak ferromagnetic coupling occurs within the Cu(II) containing chains of Na(5){[Cu(II)(H(2)O)][Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}·6H(2)O, while zero coupling exists in the pentanuclear cluster {[Cu(II)(H(2)O)(bipy)](4)[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)]}(NO(3))·H(2)O. Weak Mn(II)-O-S-O-Mn(II) antiferromagnetic coupling occurs in Na(H(2)O)(6){[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)][Mn(II)(H(2)O)(2)](3)}, the latter formed when Mn was in excess during synthesis. The compound, Na(3)(H(2)O)(6)[Fe(II)(H(2)O)(6)](2){[Cu(I)(SO(3))(4)](2)[Fe(III)(H(2)O)](3)(O)}·H(2)O, contained trace magnetic impurities that affected the expected magnetic behaviour.     

以新型[Mo_8Na_2O_(28)]~(6-)多阴离子为建筑单元的2D→3D互锁配位聚合物的组装、结构及性质

以NiCl2、(NH4)6Mo7O24、NaOH及柔性配体1,3-二(1,2,4-三氮唑-1-)丙烷(Btp)为原料,采用水热技术合成了一个结构新颖的基于多金属氧酸盐(多酸)[Mo8Na2O28]6–的二维有机-无机杂化配位聚合物[Ni(Btp)2(H2O)Mo8Na2O26(μ2-OH)2]0.5·H2O(1).通过元素分析、IR、TG和X-射线单晶衍射等对化合物1进行了表征.X-射线单晶结构分析表明,该化合物属于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群,晶胞参数a=11.6871(8)?,b=21.7506(15)?,c=14.9208(8)?,Z=4,R1=0.0487,wR2=0.1409.化合物1中含有一种新型的多酸阴离子簇[Mo8Na2O28]6–,可以看作是由β-[Mo8O26]4–转化成的具有[V10O28]6–结构特征的新型多酸.该多酸被镍和Btp形成的二维(2D)层夹在中间,形成一种夹心型的2D柱状层结构.二维柱状层之间相互穿插形成了一个二维→三维(2D→3D)的互锁结构,柱状层之间的氢键作用又进一步稳固了整个框架.此外,该化合物具有较好的电催化和光催化性能.     

Hetero-bimetallic Complex of a 2D Coordination Network Constructed by Sodium Ion and p-Sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene

A 2D coordination polymer built by sodium ion and water-soluble p-sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene of trivalent yttrium complex [Na（H2O）2Y（H2O）6（DMF） （p-sulfonatothiaca lix[4]arene）]-9H2O is reported. The complex belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2 1/c, with a = 16.703（3）, b = 17.819（4）, c = 17.357（4）A, β = 106.23（3）°, Z = 4, V = 4960.0（17）A^3, Mr = 1304.08, Dc = 1.746 g/cm^3,μ= 1.624 mm^-1, F（000） = 2688, the final R = 0.0398 and wR = 0.1132 for 7534 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. One yttrium（Ⅲ） ion is coordinated by the thiacalixarene ligand via the sulfonato group, and also ligated by an oxygen atom of a DMF molecule occupying the cavity of thiacalixarene and six aqua ligands.     

New class of Preyssler-lanthanide complexes with modified and extended structures tuned by the lanthanide contraction effect

A family of polyoxometalate compounds based on Preyssler anions and lanthanide cations, K(5)Na(5)[{Pr(4)(H(2)O)(12)(pydc)(4)}{Na(H(2)O)P(5)W(30)O(110)}]·46H(2)O (1, H(2)pydc = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid), Na(7)[{Pr(4)(H(2)O)(20)(pydc)(2)(Ac)}{Na(H(2)O)P(5)W(30)O(110)}]·23H(2)O (2), and Na(10)H(2) [{Ln(2)(H(2)O)(10)(pydc)(2)}{Na(H(2)O)P(5)W(30)O(110)}]·XH(2)O (Ln = Sm 3, Eu 4, Gd 5; X = 11 for 3 and 5, 13 for 4), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a two-dimensional honeycomb layer which is built up from unique {Pr(4)} metallacycles and Preyssler anions. Remarkably, the strong involvement of the sodium countercations leads to the formation of a unique three-dimensional open architecture with one-dimensional channels. The 2D grid layer of compound 2 is constructed by the longest currently known rare-earth metal clusters {Pr(8)} and Preyssler anions. Isostructural compounds 3, 4, and 5, obtained by introduction of the intermediate lanthanide ions into the above reaction system, exhibit bisupporting [{Ln(2)(H(2)O)(10)(pydc)(2)}{Na(H(2)O)P(5)W(30)O(110)}](12-) polyoxometalate cluster structures. The magnetic properties of compounds 1 and 2 and the luminescent properties of compounds 3 and 4 are discussed in this paper.     

Synthesis, composition, and structure of sillenite-type solid solutions in the Bi2O3-SiO2-MnO2 system

Individual compounds and solid solutions are obtained under hydrothermal conditions in the Bi(2)O(3)-SiO(2)-MnO(2) system in the form of faceted crystals and epitaxial films on the Bi(24)Si(2)O(40) substrate. The crystals have the shape of a cube (for the molar ratio of the starting components Na(2)SiO(3)·9H(2)O:Mn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O > 1), a tetrahedron (for Na(2)SiO(3)·9H(2)O:Mn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O < 1), or a tetrahedron-cube combination (for Na(2)SiO(3)·9H(2)O:Mn(NO(3))(2)·6H(2)O = 1). Crystal-chemical analysis based on the data of single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, and the results of calculation of the local balance by the bond-valence method reveals formation of the Bi(24)(Si(4+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) phases, which probably include Mn(5+) ions (epitaxial films), as well as the Bi(24)(Si(4+),Bi(3+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) and Bi(24)(Si(4+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) phases in the (1 - x)Bi(3+)(24)Si(4+)(2)O(40) - x(Bi(3+)(24)Mn(4+)(2)O(40)) system and the Bi(24)(Bi(3+),Mn(4+))(2)O(40) phase in the (1 - x)Bi(3+)(24)Bi(3+)(2)(O(39)?(1)) - x(Bi(3+)(24)Mn(4+)(2)O(40)) system. Precision X-ray diffraction studies of single crystals of the Bi(24)(Bi,Si,Mn)(2)O(40) general composition show that these sillenites crystallize in space group P23 and not I23 as the Bi(24)Si(2)O(40) phase. The dissymmetrization of sillenite phases is observed for the first time. It is explained by a kinetic (growth) phase transition of the order-disorder type due to population of a crystallographic site by atoms with different crystal-chemical properties and quasi-equilibrium conditions of crystal growth in the course of a hydrothermal synthesis below 400 °C at unequal molar amounts of the starting components in the batch.     

Pyrophosphate-mediated magnetic interactions in Cu(II) coordination complexes

The reaction in water of Cu(NO(3))(2)·2.5H(2)O with 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), or 1,10-phenanthroline-5-amine (phenam), and sodium pyrophosphate (Na(4)P(2)O(7)), at various pHs, afforded three new copper(II)-pyrophosphate complexes, namely, {[Cu(bipy)(cis-H(2)P(2)O(7))](2)}·3H(2)O (1a), {[Cu(phen)(H(2)O)](4)(HP(2)O(7))(2)}(ClO(4))(2)·4H(2)O (2), and {[Cu(2)(phenam)(2)(P(2)O(7))](2)·25H(2)O}(n) (3). A solvent free crystalline phase of 1a was also isolated with formula {[Cu(bipy)(trans-H(2)P(2)O(7))](2)} (1b), which can be regarded as a pseudo-polymorph of 1a. Single crystal X-ray analyses revealed these compounds to have uncommon molecular architectures, with 3 being an unprecedented pyrophosphate-containing two-dimensional (2D) polymer. Compounds 1a/1b and 2 are discrete di- and tetra-nuclear complexes, respectively. The cationic {[Cu(phen)(H(2)O)](4)(HP(2)O(7))(2)}(2+) unit in 2 presents a unique quasi-flat structure, held together by solely in-plane pyrophosphate bridging modes (short O(eq)-P-O(eq) and long O(eq)-P-O-P-O(eq) pathways), a coordination arrangement also not previously reported. A different tetranuclear copper(II)-pyrophosphate arrangement is found in 3, with two classically bridged dimers (O(eq)-P-O(eq) pathway) joined together by auxiliary equatorial-axial μ-O pyrophosphate bridges. Here, the bidimensionality is reached through bridging phenam ligands, which provide further inter-"tetramer" metal-metal connections [(N,N')(eq)-(N')(ax) pathway], leading to the formation of an expanded covalent network based on the [Cu(2)(phenam)(2)(P(2)O(7))](2) moiety. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline samples of 2 and 3 revealed net antiferromagnetic coupling between metal centers with J(2a) = -7.9(2) cm(-1), J(2b) = -46.9(3) cm(-1), J(2c) = 0 cm(-1) in 2 (H = -J(2a)[S(Cu(1))·S(Cu(2)) + S(Cu(1a))·S(Cu(2a))] - J(2b)[S(Cu(1))·S(Cu(2a)) + S(Cu(1a))·S(Cu(2))] - J(2c)S(Cu(2))·S(Cu(2a))), and J(3a) = -87.9(2) cm(-1), J(3b) = -5(1) cm(-1) and J(3c) = +5(3) cm(-1) in 3 (H = -J(3a)[S(Cu(1))·S(Cu(2)) + S(Cu(1a))·S(Cu(2a))] - J(3b)[S(Cu(1))·S(Cu(2a)) + S(Cu(1a))·S(Cu(2))] - J(3c)S(Cu(2))·S(Cu(2a))). For 1a, a net ferromagnetic coupling is observed with J(1a) = +0.86(1) cm(-1) (H = -J S(A)·S(B) + S(A)·D· S(B) + βH (g(A)S(A) + g(B)S(B)). This is the first example of ferromagnetic coupling in pyrophosphate-complexes reported to date. A structure-function correlation study focusing on magnetic exchange across the observed diverse pyrophosphate-bridges is described with density functional theory (DFT) calculations included to support the stated observations.     

5-氨基间苯二甲酸钠和5-羟基间苯二甲酸钠的热力学性质

在水溶液中合成了5-氨基间苯二甲酸钠(1)和5-羟基间苯二甲酸钠(2)固态样品,元素分析和TG-DTG确定其组成符合C8H5O4NNa2·H2O(1)和C8H4O5Na2·H2O(2).用精密自动绝热热量计测定了它们在78～400K温区的低温热容,将实验值用最小二乘法拟合,得到热容随温度变化的多项式方程,用此方程进行数值积分,得到该温区内每隔5K的舒平热容值和各种热力学函数值.用RD496-2000型微热量计测定了样品在298.15K时的标准摩尔溶解焓分别为ΔsolHmθ(1,s)=-44.552±0.164kJmol-1和θΔsolHm(2,s)=-36.055±0.154kJmol-1,计算了其水合阴离子标准摩尔生成焓分别为θΔfHm(C8H5O4N2-,aq)=-684.56±1.67kJmol-1和ΔfHmθ(C8H4O52-,aq)=-1263.43±2.13kJmol-1.用RBC-II型精密转动弹热量计测定了样品的恒容燃烧热分别为ΔcU(1,s)=-13382.14±5.28Jg-1和ΔcU(2,s)=-10339.15±4.15Jg-1,计算了它们的标准摩尔燃烧焓和标准摩尔生成焓分别为ΔcHmθ(1,s)=-3252.90±1.28kJmol-1和θΔcHm(2,s)=-2522.64±1.01kJmol-1,ΔfHmθ(1,s)=-1406.46±1.66kJmol-1,θΔfHm(2,s)=-1993.79±1.46kJmol-1.     

Raman spectroscopic study of crystallization from solutions containing MgSO4 and Na2SO4: Raman spectra of double salts

Mg(2+), Na(+), and SO(4)(2-) are common ions in natural systems, and they are usually found in water bodies. Precipitation processes have great importance in environmental studies because they may be part of complex natural cycles; natural formation of atmospheric particulate matter is just one case. In this work, Na(2)Mg(SO(4))(2)·5H(2)O (konyaite), Na(6)Mg(SO(4))(4) (vanthoffite), and Na(12)Mg(7)(SO(4))(13)·15H(2)O (loeweite) were synthesized and their Raman spectra reported. By slow vaporization (at 20 °C and relative humidity of 60-70%), crystallization experiments were performed within small droplets (diameter ≤ 1-2 mm) of solutions containing MgSO(4) and Na(2)SO(4), and crystal formations were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Crystallization of Na(2)Mg(SO(4))(2)·4H(2)O (bloedite) was observed, and the formation of salt mixtures was confirmed by Raman spectra. Bloedite, konyaite, and loeweite, as well as Na(2)SO(4) and MgSO(4)·6H(2)O, were the components found to occur in different proportions. No crystallization of Na(6)Mg(SO(4))(4) (vanthoffite) was observed under the crystallization condition used in this study.     

The elimination of a hydrogen atom in Na(H2O)n

By a systematic examination on Na(H2O)n, with n = 4-7, 9, 10, and 15, we demonstrate that a hydrogen loss reaction can be initiated by a single sodium atom with water molecules. This reaction is similar to the well-known size-dependent intracluster hydrogen loss in Mg+(H2O)n, which is isoelectronic to Na(H2O)n. However, with one less charge on Na(H2O)n than that on Mg+(H2O)n, the hydrogen loss for Na(H2O)n is characterized by a higher barrier and a more flexible solvation shell around the metal ion, although the reaction should be accessible, as the lowest barrier is around 8 kcal/mol. Interestingly, the hydroxide ion OH- produced in the process is stabilized by the solvation of H2O molecules and the formation of an ion pair Na+(H2O)4(H2O)n-l-4[OH-(H2O)l]. The activation barrier is reduced as the unpaired electron in Na(H2O)n moves to higher solvation shells with increasing cluster size, and the reaction is not switched off for larger clusters. This is in sharp contrast to the reaction for Mg+(H2O)n, in which the OH- ion is stabilized by direct coordination with Mg2+ and the reaction is switched off for n > 17, as the unpaired electron moved to higher solvation shells. Such a contrast illustrates the important link between microsolvation environment and chemical reactivity in solvation clusters.     

Templated heptaborate and pentaborate salts of cyclo-alkylammonium cations: structural and thermal properties

The synthesis and characterization of a series of cyclo-alkylammonium pentaborate salts {[cyclo-C(n)H(2n-1)NR(3)][B(5)O(6)(OH)(4)] (R = H, n = 3, 5-7 (1-4); R = Me, n = 6 (5))} are reported. Compounds 1, 2 and 5 have been further characterized by single-crystal XRD studies. Attempted recrystallization of 3 and 4 yielded small crops of the unexpected heptaborate salts, [cyclo-C(6)H(11)NH(3)](2)[B(7)O(9)(OH)(5)]·3H(2)O·B(OH)(3) (6) and [cyclo-C(7)H(13)NH(3)](2)[B(7)O(9)(OH)(5)]·2H(2)O·2B(OH)(3) (7) which were also characterized crystallographically. All compounds show extensive supramolecular H-bonded anionic lattices templated by the cations. H-bond interactions are described in detail. TGA-DSC analysis of the pentaborates 1-5 showed that they thermally decomposed in air at 800 °C to 2.5B(2)O(3), in a 2 step process involving dehydration (<250 °C) and oxidative decomposition (250-600 °C). BET analysis of materials derived from the pentaborates had internal porosities of <1 m(2) g(-1).