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1.
We theoretically investigate the generation of vector Bessel beams of the order m using a phase shifted superposition of TE and TM electromagnetic Bessel beams. Such Bessel beams are characterized by the intensity profile described by the superposition of squared Bessel functions of the orders (m-1) and (m+1). We derive the conditions for creating the special distributions of the intensity, which are determined by only one Bessel function, or . We offer the approach of intensity transformation based on the Bessel beam transmission through a multilayer system. Finally, we reveal the perfect intensity transformation transferring the whole energy from - to -profile of intensity distribution. 相似文献
2.
Theoretical structure and surface energy of the reconstructed {01.2} form of calcite (CaCO3) crystal
Two different reconstructions of the (01.2) face (Ca or CO3 terminated) of calcite (CaCO3) were studied: (i) R1 reconstruction: the outermost layer is based on the [0 1 0] × 1/3[2 1 1] rectangular mesh, which is symmetrical with respect to the c glide plane of the crystal, thus fulfilling the 2D symmetry of the face and (ii) R2 reconstruction: the outermost layer is based on a lozenge shaped mesh that does not respect the 2D symmetry of the face.The , , and slabs geometry optimizations of calcite (CaCO3) were performed either at DFT level or by using empirical potentials; the results obtained with these two different calculation methodologies are in good agreement. With respect to their arrangement in the bulk, the CO3 groups of the outermost layer are significantly rotated about the crystallographic a-axis and about the normal to the 01.2 plane; further, the thickness of the outermost layer is significantly lower than that of the underneath ones.The surfaces energies (γ) at 0 K, for relaxed and unrelaxed , , and faces, were determined either at DFT level or by using empirical potentials. Independently of the method of calculation employed, the stability order of the relaxed faces is < < < . Concerning the unrelaxed faces, whose energies were evaluated by using empirical potentials only, the stability order is instead < < < ; such different ordering shows the importance of geometry relaxation in the calculation of the surface energy. The values of the relaxed surface energies are , , and erg/cm2. 相似文献
3.
The structure of light hypernuclei with strangeness S=−1 and −2 is investigated with the microscopic cluster model and the Gaussian expansion method (GEM). We emphasize that the cluster picture as well as the mean-field picture is invaluable to understand the structure of Λ hypernuclei, Σ hypernuclei and double Λ hypernuclei. A variety of aspects of Λ hypernuclei is demonstrated through a systematic study of p-shell hypernuclei (,, , , , , ) and sd-shell ones (, ): for example, the appearance of genuine hypernuclear states with new spatial symmetry which cannot be seen in ordinary nuclei, the glue-like role of the Λ particle which shrinks the size of nuclear core and thus reduces the B(E2) value, and the halo and skin structures in and etc. The typical light hypernucleus is thoroughly investigated, including its production, structure and decay. Precise three-body and four-body calculations of , and using GEM provide important information on the spin structure of the underlying ΛN interaction, by comparing with recent experimental data from γ-ray hypernuclear spectroscopy. The Λ–Σ coupling effect is studied in and . The binding mechanism of is discussed together with the possible existence of , emphasizing the fact that the study of is useful for extracting information on the ΣN interaction differing from that from . A systematic study of double-Λ hypernuclei, constrained by the NAGARA data () within a four-body cluster model indicates that the recently observed Demachi–Yanagi event can be interpreted as the 2+ state of . The effect of hyperon mixing in and is investigated using one-boson-exchange potentials and quark-cluster-model interactions for the S=−2 sector. A close relation between nuclear deep hole states and hypernuclei is discussed, emphasizing the selection rule for fragmentation of the s-hole in light nuclei, which is promising for understanding the production mechanism of double-Λ and twin-Λ hypernuclei via Ξ-atomic capture. 相似文献
4.
We report the observation of levels in the state of CH2 via optical–optical double resonance spectroscopy. Direct transitions between the lowest singlet state and the state are allowed by symmetry, but weak because they correspond to a two electron excitation in the single configuration approximation to the electronic wavefunction. The observed transitions involve sequential single photon absorptions at visible and near infrared wavelengths using state intermediate levels. Recent ab initio results (S.N. Yurchenko et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 208 (2001), 136) predicted the positions of some of the levels which are confirmed by the present results. The new spectra provide accurate energies for rotational levels in the , l = 0 level of the state. 相似文献
5.
M.J. Dick P.M. Sheridan J.-G. Wang S. Yu P.F. Bernath 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》2006,240(2):238-243
The state of CaOH was investigated using optical–optical double resonance spectroscopy. A combined least-squares fit of the double resonance transition data along with optical transition data and the millimeter-wave pure rotational data of the state was performed using an effective Hamiltonian. The spin–rotation constant was determined for the state for the first time. An analysis of these constants showed that the Ca–O bond length and spin–rotation parameter of the state have the smallest values of all the observed 2Σ+ states of CaOH. This evidence suggests the assignment of the state as arising from a Ca+ atomic orbital of mainly 5sσ character. This atomic orbital assignment was shown to be consistent with both previous work on CaF and recent theoretical calculations on CaOH. 相似文献
6.
This paper deals with the problem of discrete time option pricing by the fractional Black–Scholes model with transaction costs. By a mean self-financing delta-hedging argument in a discrete time setting, a European call option pricing formula is obtained. The minimal price of an option under transaction costs is obtained as timestep , which can be used as the actual price of an option. In fact, is an adjustment to the volatility in the Black–Scholes formula by using the modified volatility to replace the volatility σ, where is the Hurst exponent, and k is a proportional transaction cost parameter. In addition, we also show that timestep and long-range dependence have a significant impact on option pricing. 相似文献
7.
Dilepton production in pp and Au+Au nucleus–nucleus collisions at as well as in In+In and Pb+Au at is studied within the microscopic HSD transport approach. A comparison to the data from the PHENIX Collaboration at RHIC shows that standard in-medium effects of the ρ,ω vector mesons—compatible with the NA60 data for In+In at and the CERES data for Pb+Au at —do not explain the large enhancement observed in the invariant mass regime from 0.2 to 0.5 GeV in Au+Au collisions at relative to pp collisions. 相似文献
8.
K. Matan J.S. Helton D. Grohol D.G. Nocera S. Wakimoto K. Kakurai Y.S. Lee 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2009,404(17):2529
We report polarized neutron scattering studies of spin-wave excitations and spin fluctuations in the lattice antiferromagnet KFe3(OH)6(SO4)2 (jarosite). Inelastic polarized neutron scattering measurements at 10 K on a single crystal sample reveal two spin gaps, associated with in-plane and out-of-plane excitations. The polarization analysis of quasi-elastic scattering at 67 K shows in-plane spin fluctuations with XY symmetry, consistent with the disappearance of the in-plane gap above the Néel temperature . Our results suggest that jarosite is a promising candidate for studying the 2D XY universality class in magnetic systems. 相似文献
9.
L.T. Corredor J. Velasco Zrate D.A. Landínez Tllez F. Fajardo J. Arbey Rodríguez M. J. Roa-Rojas 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2009,404(18):2733-2735
We report experimental and theoretical study of crystallographic lattice and electronic structure of Sr2GdRuO6 complex perovskite, which is used as precursor in the fabrication process of superconducting ruthenocuprate RuSr2GdCu2O8. Samples were produced by the standard solid state reaction. Rietveld refinement of experimental X-ray diffraction patterns shows that material crystallizes in a monoclinic structure, which belongs to the P21/n (#14) space group, with lattice parameters , , , and tilt angle β=90.258. Calculations of electronic structure were performed by the density functional theory. The exchange and correlation potentials were included through the LDA+U approximation. Density of states (DOS) study was carried out considering the two spin polarizations. Results show Gd are majority responsible for the magnetic character in this material, but Ru contribution is also relevant because d-orbital is closer to Fermi level. Theoretical results evidence that Sr2GdRuO6 material behaves as a magnetic semiconductor, with 20μB effective magnetic moment. 相似文献
10.
We report synthesis and characterization of new Sr2ZrMnO6 manganite-like material. Samples were produced by the solid state reaction method with sinterization temperatures up to 1400 °C. X-ray diffraction experiments reveal that structure belongs to the perovskite system, space group . Lattice parameter was obtained by means of Rietveld-type refinement, through the GSAS code. Magnetic properties were studied by using an MPMS Quantum Design SQUID. From measurements of magnetization as a function of temperature, we determine the occurrence of a paramagnetic–antiferromagnetic transition with Néel temperature 50 K. Curie–Weiss fitting permitted to obtain the magnetic characteristic parameters. At temperature regimes below the Néel temperature, strong evidences of frustration and an irreversibility temperature between zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) measurements were observed. Curves of magnetization as a function of applied field were performed at . Results show a hysteretic feature for Sr2ZrMnO6 magnetic material. This response is attributed to formation of magnetic clusters as a consequence of cationic (magnetic and no magnetic) disorder along the double perovskite structure. 相似文献
11.
We propose a new realization of the elliptic quantum group equipped with the H-Hopf algebroid structure on the basis of the elliptic algebra . The algebra has a constructive definition in terms of the Drinfeld generators of the quantum affine algebra and a Heisenberg algebra. This yields a systematic construction of both finite- and infinite-dimensional dynamical representations and their parallel structures to . In particular we give a classification theorem of the finite-dimensional irreducible pseudo-highest weight representations stated in terms of an elliptic analogue of the Drinfeld polynomials. We also investigate a structure of the tensor product of two evaluation representations and derive an elliptic analogue of the Clebsch–Gordan coefficients. We show that it is expressed by using the very-well-poised balanced elliptic hypergeometric series . 相似文献
12.
M. Yokoyama I. Kawasaki S. Oinuma N. Oyama K. Tenya H. Amitsuka 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2009,404(17):2539
We performed the elastic neutron scattering experiments on the mixed compounds CeRh1-xCoxIn5, and found that doping Co into CeRhIn5 dramatically changes the antiferromagnetic (AF) structure. The incommensurate AF state with the propagation vector of observed in pure CeRhIn5 is suppressed with increasing x, and new AF states with an incommensurate and a commensurate modulations simultaneously develop near the AF quantum critical point: xc0.8. These results suggest that the AF correlations with the qc and q1 modulations enhanced in the intermediate Co concentrations may play a crucial role in the evolution of the superconductivity observed above x0.4. 相似文献
13.
Yukihide Tsuji Toshimitsu Mochizuki andTohru Okamoto 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2006,34(1-2):156
We have performed the in-plane magnetotransport measurements on the two-dimensional electron gas at the cleaved p-InAs (1 1 0) surface by deposition of Ag. The surface electron density Ns is determined from the Hall coefficient at . The coverage dependence of Ns is well explained by the assumption that each adsorbed Ag atom denotes one electron into InAs until the surface Fermi level reaches the adsorbate-induced donor level. The electron mobility μ is about and does not show a clear dependence on the coverage over . In the high-magnetic field regime of B>1/μ, Shubnikov–de Hass oscillations were observed. A beating pattern due to the strong spin–orbit interaction appears for high Ns. For lower Ns of , an apparent quantum Hall plateau for ν=4 and vanishing of the longitudinal resistivity were observed around . 相似文献
14.
Based on the recent formulation of a general scheme to construct boundary Lax pairs, we develop this systematic construction for the affine Toda field theories (ATFT). We work out explicitly the first two models of the hierarchy, i.e. the sine-Gordon () and the models. The Toda theory is the first non-trivial example of the hierarchy that exhibits two distinct types of boundary conditions. We provide here novel expressions of boundary Lax pairs associated to both types of boundary conditions. 相似文献
15.
Type A -fold supercharge admits a one-parameter family of factorizations into product of first-order linear differential operators due to an underlying symmetry. As a consequence, a type A -fold supersymmetric system can have different intermediate Hamiltonians corresponding to different factorizations. We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for the latter system to possess intermediate Hamiltonians for the case. We then show that whenever it has (at least) one intermediate Hamiltonian, it can admit second-order parasupersymmetry and a generalized 2-fold superalgebra. As an illustration, we construct a set of generalized Pöschl–Teller potentials of this kind. 相似文献
16.
John J. Quinn Arkadiusz Wjs Anna Gadysiewicz 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2006,34(1-2):280
A new kind of many-body excitonic state composed of fractionally charged constituents is introduced. The constituents are a trion (X-) embedded in an incompressible electron liquid and Laughlin quasiholes (QH's). Laughlin electron–trion correlations lead to an effective trion charge of -e/3. This many-body excitation is called “quasiexciton” and denoted by to distinguish it from a normal trion. The can bind one or two (e/3)-charged QH's, giving a neutral or a positive . The energy spectra and photoluminescence from radiative quasiexciton decay are studied numerically and interpreted using a generalized composite Fermion model of the e–X- fluid. 相似文献
17.
M. Kato Y. Morishita M. Oura H. Yamaoka Y. Tamenori K. Okada T. Matsudo T. Gejo I.H. Suzuki N. Saito 《Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena》2007,160(1-3):39-48
The high-resolution absolute photoionization cross sections for Ar, Kr, Xe and N2 in the inner-shell ionization region have been measured using a multi-electrode ion chamber and monochromatized synchrotron radiation. The energy ranges of the incident photons for the target gases were as follows: Ar: 242–252 eV (2p Rydberg excitation), Kr: 1650–1770 eV (near the 2p ionization thresholds), Xe: 665–720 eV (near the 3d ionization thresholds) and 880–1010 eV (near the 3p ionization thresholds), N2: 400–425 eV (N 1s excitation and ionization). It is the first time to measure the absolute ionization cross sections of Ar, Kr, Xe and N2 over the present energy ranges with the energy resolution of over 10,000. The natural lifetime widths of , , and resonances for Ar, resonance for Xe, and resonance for N2 have been obtained based on the cross sections determined. The ionization energies into the Ar+ (), Ar+ () and Xe+ () ionic states are also determined using the Rydberg formula. 相似文献
18.
Theoretical study of optical recording with a solid immersion lens illuminated by focused double-ring-shaped radially-polarized beam 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Based on the Richards–Wolf vector diffraction theory, the intensity distributions in the recording sample near a solid immersion lens are calculated for two different radially-polarized beams ( and modes). Numerical results show that a double-ring-shaped mode focusing has some excellent features in near-field optical storage, compared with a single-ring-shaped mode focusing. The recording density is markedly improved, the focal depth of the near-field recording system is substantially increased, and a subsurface recording is effectively obtained using the mode focusing. 相似文献
19.
L.A. Tracy I.B. Spielman J.P. Eisenstein L.N. Pfeiffer K.W. West 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2006,34(1-2):220
Via a resistively detected NMR technique, the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation time T1 of 71Ga has been measured in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure containing two weakly coupled 2D electron systems (2DES) at low temperatures, each at Landau level filling . Incomplete electronic spin polarization, which has been reported previously for low density 2DESs at , should facilitate hyperfine-coupled nuclear spin relaxation owing to the presence of both electron spin states at the Fermi level. Composite fermion theory suggests a Korringa-law temperature dependence: T1T=constant is expected for temperatures . Our measurements show that for temperatures in the range , T1 rises less rapidly with falling temperature than this law predicts. This may suggest the existence of alternate nuclear spin relaxation mechanisms in this system. Also, our data allows for an estimate of the composite fermion mass. 相似文献
20.
《Physics letters. [Part B]》2009,670(4-5):292-299
We present a measurement of the cross section for Z boson production times the branching fraction to tau lepton pairs in collisions at . The measurement is performed in the channel in which one tau lepton decays into a muon and neutrinos, and the other tau lepton decays hadronically or into an electron and neutrinos. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected with the DØ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The sample contains 1511 candidate events with an estimated 20% background from jets or muons misidentified as tau leptons. We obtain , which is consistent with the standard model prediction. 相似文献