HPLC-MS/MS法测定婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物

建立了婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经含1%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,氮气吹干后,用含0.1%甲酸的乙腈水溶液(1∶4,体积比)定容。采用Acquity BEH C₁₈色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm)分离,0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测。结果表明,17种目标物在对应的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.995 4;方法检出限(LOD)为0.02～0.15μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.06～0.50μg/kg;在LOQ、2.0μg/kg、10.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,17种目标物在水果米粉中的平均回收率为62.5%～103%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5%～17%;蔬菜米粉中的平均回收率为66.4%～108%,RSD为4.3%～13%。该方法灵敏、准确,简便、可靠,适用于婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物的同时检测。     

凝胶净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测辣椒制品及肉制品中多种脂溶性着色剂

建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化/高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定辣椒制品和肉制品中苏丹橙G、甲基黄、对位红,柑桔红2号,苏丹红G,苏丹Ⅰ,苏丹Ⅱ,苏丹Ⅲ,苏丹红7B,苏丹红B和苏丹Ⅳ的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯或乙腈-乙酸乙酯溶液提取后采用凝胶渗透色谱净化,通过ACQUITY HPLC BEH C18色谱柱以体积分数0.1%甲酸-体积分数0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液作流动相梯度洗脱分离,采用多反应监测模式进行检测。目标分析物使用同位素内标苏丹Ⅰ-D5和苏丹Ⅳ-D6定量,11种待测物质量浓度在10~500 ng/mL范围呈良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.99,方法的定量下限均达到5μg/kg。空白样品在5,10,20μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为80.7%~100.9%,相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于10%。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定猪肉中14种大环内酯类兽药残留

建立了固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定猪肉中14种大环内酯类药物残留的方法。样品经70%(体积分数)乙腈提取,固相萃取柱(HLB柱)富集净化后,使用BEH C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸-2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在正离子模式下,采用多反应监测模式分段扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,14种大环内酯类药物在对应质量浓度范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.995,方法检出限为0.1～0.8μg/kg,定量下限为0.5～3.0μg/kg,在低、中、高3个加标水平下的回收率为71.1%～102%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.0%。该方法准确、可靠,可用于猪肉中大环内酯类药物的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定焙烤食品及其原料中11种真菌毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-HRMS)测定焙烤食品及其原料中11种真菌毒素的检测分析方法。样品经20 mL含1%(体积分数)甲酸的乙腈-水(9∶1,v/v)溶液提取,经2.0 g无水硫酸、0.5 g氯化钠和300 mg C18盐析、净化后进行检测。采用CORTECS C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6μm),以含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的2 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的2 mmol/L乙酸铵甲醇溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果显示,11种真菌毒素在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r2≥0.996 0),方法的定量限为0.15~20.00μg/kg,样品加标回收率为64.38%~122.61%,相对标准偏差为1.52%~12.99%(n=6)。该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、结果准确、可靠,利用该方法可有效测定焙烤食品及其原料中常见真菌毒素的含量。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定食品中34种非法添加减肥类化合物

建立了超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱测定食品(含保健食品)中34种减肥类非法添加化合物的方法。采用Waters CORTECS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.7μm),以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液-含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源、正离子或负离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测。西布曲明等29种化合物在0.5~10μg/L范围内、氯噻嗪等5种化合物在2.5~50μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;西布曲明等29种化合物在5、10和20μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为49.2%~136.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~15.0%(n=6),氯噻嗪等5种化合物在25、50和100μg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为51.5%~130.9%,RSD为0.8%~14.0%(n=6);西布曲明等29种化合物的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,氯噻嗪等5种化合物的检出限为25μg/kg,定量限为50μg/kg。本方法已应用于实际样品的测定,共检出了12种化合物,有效打击了非法添加行为。     

超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法筛查水产养殖用投料中36种兽药

建立超高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱联用法快速筛查水产养殖用投料中多种兽药的方法。水产养殖用投料样品经80%（体积分数）乙腈水溶液（含体积分数为0.2%的甲酸）超声提取，过PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化，以体积分数为0.1%的甲酸-乙腈溶液、0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.03%氨水-乙腈溶液、0.03%氨水溶液分别为正、负离子模式的流动相，用Accucore RP-MS色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm）进行梯度洗脱分离。比对了在Q-Exactive全扫描模式下得到的多种兽药的实测精确质量数与理论精确质量数，其质量偏差为-1.281 4×10-6～1.223 5×10-6 Da，有效降低了基质干扰。结合建立的36种兽药的二级质谱数据库，利用碎片离子信息实现水产养殖用投料中多种兽药的快速筛查与定量。36种兽药在质量浓度为2.5～100μg/mL（酰胺醇类药物）、12.5～100μg/mL（其它药物）的范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99。3种酰胺醇类药物的方法检出限为10μg/kg，其它药物的方法检测限为50μg/kg，样品加标回收率为59.9%～118.3%，相对标...     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱同时测定液态奶中三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺的方法。液态奶样品经体积分数2.5%甲酸溶液提取、离心后乙腈稀释,亲水作用色谱柱分离,电喷雾串联四极杆质谱检测器检测,分别在负、正离子模式下测定三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺。三聚氰酸和三聚氰胺分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.1～50μg/L范围内线性关系良好。在0.25～15mg/kg、0.1～7.5mg/kg添加水平范围内,三聚氰酸平均回收率为84.5%～98.0%(RSD为2.1%～6.1%),三聚氰胺平均回收率为85.5%～88.9%(RSD为3.2～5.8%)。三聚氰酸、三聚氰胺定量限分别为0.25mg/kg、0.1mg/kg。     

固相萃取/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中草铵膦的残留量

建立了果蔬中草铵膦残留量的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经水提取、二氯甲烷除去脂溶性杂质,强阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,9-芴甲基氯甲酸酯(FMOC-Cl)衍生后,以C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)-乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式电离(ESI+),多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,内标法定量。方法在0~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)大于0.995。方法检出限为10μg/kg,定量下限为20μg/kg。在不同食品基质中,草铵膦在20,200,500μg/kg加标水平下的平均回收率为80.8%~102.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8%~7.9%。该法采用同位素内标定量,有效地消除了样品基质效应,灵敏度高、准确度好,适用于果蔬中草铵膦残留量的监控测定。     

直接稀释/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定河豚鱼与织纹螺中2种河豚毒素

建立了直接稀释/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定河豚鱼与织纹螺中2种河豚毒素TTX和4,9-anh TTX的方法。样品经乙酸-甲醇(1∶99)溶液提取,高速离心,上清液用80%(体积分数)甲醇水溶液稀释和过滤后直接进样分析。以0.5 mmol/L甲酸铵的0.1%甲酸水溶液-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式在ACQUITY BEH Amide色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)上分离,以电喷雾离子源正离子模式(ESI~+)扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式采集,外标法定量。TTX和4,9-anhTTX分别在0.5～100μg/L、0.5～50μg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.99,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为100～150μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为300～450μg/kg。在河豚鱼、织纹螺基质中,3个浓度水平下的加标回收率为75.4%～96.8%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%～9.5%,日间RSD为5.3%～9.2%。该方法简便、高效、节约成本,适用于河豚鱼、织纹螺中2种河豚毒素的快速准确检测。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定饲料中的3种伏马毒素

建立了饲料中伏马毒素B1、B2、B3的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经乙腈-水-甲酸(50∶49∶1,体积比)提取,PRIME HLB固相萃取柱净化后,采用Agilent Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5μm)分离,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子(ESI+)源多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,基质校正曲线外标法定量。结果表明,3种化合物在5.0~250.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,方法的检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为3μg/kg和10μg/kg。在10、20、50μg/kg 3个加标水平下,伏马毒素的平均回收率为80.3%~93.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.5%~13.4%。该方法简单、快速、稳定,适用于饲料中伏马毒素的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).