La2-xSrxNiO4体系还原性能考察及La1.7Sr0.3NiO4还原机理的研究

合成了四方晶系K_2NiF_4结构的La_(2-x)Sr_xNiO_4(0.0≤x≤1.0)系列复合氧化物。用多晶XRD技术测定其晶胞参数; 用程序升温还原(TPR)技术研究了它们的还原性能。结果发现系列样品的最高还原峰温随组成(x)的变化次序和晶胞参数a的变化次序相反, 而与c的变化次序相同。利用TPR和XRD技术考察了La_(1.7)Sr_(0.3)NiO_4的还原机理, 发现此样品TPR图中前两个还原峰主要对应于Ni~(3+)还原成Ni~(2+)离子的过程, 同时轴比率c/a的计算也间接佐证了这一点; 并将最高还原峰归属于结构的破坏峰。     

5—（L—盖氧基）—2（5—H）—呋喃酮与硝酮体系环加成反应的理论研究

选取模型化合物,用AMl MO方法从理论上研究了手性的5-(L-盖氧基)-2(5—H)-呋喃酮与偶极硝酮体系环加成反应的机理。优化了反应过程各驻点的几何构型,计算了反应的活化焓、活化熵和反应速率常数,结果表明,该反应为同面的协同过程,非对映专一性产物的形成估计是由于盖氧基及硝酮分子上苯取代基的空间效应所致。     

STUDY ON THE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF POLY(ESTER-IMIDEETHER)MULTIBLOCK COPOLYMERS

A new class of poly(ester-imide-ether) multiblock copolymers was synthesized by transes-terification and meltcopolymerization of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and N-(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)-4-(carbomethoxy)-phthalimide withethylene glycol (EG) and polytetramethylene glycol (PTMG). The structure of the above copolymers was characterized by~1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Some properties of the coplymers were also examined. It was found that their mechanicalproperties and heat stability, compared with poly(ether-ester) copolymers, were obviously improved.     

N,N（二甲庚基）乙酰胺萃钯机理研究

本文研究了N,N二甲庚基乙酰胺(N_(s03))从氯化物体系中萃取钯的机理。应用等摩尔系列法和斜率法确定萃合物组成为:(CH_3CONR_2H)_2PdCl_4。通过紫外-可见光谱法研究,证实N_(503)萃取钯的机理属阴离子交换反应,其萃取方程式为: 2CH_3CONR_2HCl_((o)) PdCl_4~(2-)(a)?(CH_3CONR_2H)_2PdCl_4(o) 2Cl~-(a)     

偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯共聚反应中链自由基的反应性

应用高分辨率核磁共振仪研究了一系列不同组成的偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯共聚物。指出,共振核—CF_2—的化学位移不仅受第一、二邻位基团的影响,也受第三邻位的影响。偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯以无规共聚进行反应,在共聚反应中的链自由基﹏CF_2·或﹏CH_2·容易增长于CH_2=CF_2的CH_2端,而链自由基﹏CH_2·在偏氟乙烯和四氟乙烯共聚反应中的增长倾向于四氟乙烯。     

A NEW CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME AND ITS APPLICATION TO PRECIPITATION NUMERICAL PREDICTION

According to the characteristics of cumulus and stratiform clouds during the meiyu period (plum rains) over Jianghuai valleys (the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and the Huaihe River), a modified Kuo-type cumulus parameterization scheme applicable to midlatitude con-vective systems is suggested in this paper. It is often observed that cumulus and stratiform clouds coexist in a rain-bearing synoptic systems and the precipitation amount associated with this system may be amplified by their interaction. With some important processes of cloud physics taken into account, we use a simple seeder-feeder model (including colloidal instability, collision effect and entrainment) to describe this process of interaction within framework of Kuo-type cumulus parameterization. It is found that the rainfall amount caused by ice crystal effect accounts for 30-40% of total rainfall, but the collision effect is not so great generally. We introduced this scheme to the regional numerical model used by Wuhan Observatory of Hubei     

聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷——铂络合物对烯烃硅氢化反应的催化特征

本文报道二氧化硅负载的三苯膦铂络合物——聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷铂络合物对三甲氧基硅烷与不饱和化合物进行硅氢加成反应的催化特性.在底物用量的万分之一摩尔量的铂络合物存在下,1-己烯、1-癸烯、1-十二碳烯、苯基烯丙醚和ω-氯代十一碳烯在60或40℃平稳地与三甲氧基硅烷发生硅氢加成反应,唯一地得到末端加成产物,产率均在85％以上.其催化活性在反应初期低于四(三苯膦)合铂,但后期反应速度和硅氢化产率均较高.实验表明,聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷与四(三苯膦)合铂反应制得的铂络合物(1)比与氯铂酸反应制得的铂络合物(Ⅱ)催化活性高.其次,反应气氛对硅氢加成反应具有决定性的影响.在空气气氛中,硅氢化反应平稳地进行;在氮气气氛中,不发生反应.     

Analytical pyrolysis with in situ thermally assisted derivatisation, Py(HMDS)-GC/MS, for the chemical characterization of archaeological birch bark tar

An analytical method based on pyrolysis in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane followed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis, Py(HMDS)-GC/MS, was used for the first time to study birch bark tar, an adhesive that has been used since the Palaeolithic period. Py(HMDS)-GC/MS enabled us to obtain information simultaneously both on polymerised and solvent soluble fractions of birch bark tar. A very particular chromatographic pattern was obtained, which was mainly characterised by the presence of homologous series of linear saturated and unsaturated monocaboxylic fatty acids, and homologous series of straight-chain alkenes and alkanes. The pattern can be linked to suberin and suberan, which are known to be present in birch barks. In addition, lupane-type triterpenoids were also revealed. Py(HMDS)-GC/MS was initially applied to a reference material, and was then used to study the archaeological adhesives from a wooden spindle recovered in a Gallo-Roman burial (3rd century AD) and from the golden sheath of a Thracian dagger (8th-7th centuries BC) recovered in Belogradets (Bulgaria).     

TG,DTA and electrical conductance properties of some Cu(II) AND Mn(II) bisazo- dianils complexes

The TG and DTA of a new series of Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes with a number of newly prepared bisazo-dianil ligands were studied in the temperature range (20-700°C). The TG and DTG curves display to main steps, the first one within the temperature range (25-330°C) correspond to the elimination of water or and ethanol from the complexes. The second step within the range (350-625°C) is due to the decomposition of the complexes yielding the metal oxides as the final product. The rate constants of the dehydration and decomposition reactions were determined, from which some kinetic parameters were evaluated. The DTA curves show that the dehydration of the metal complexes is an endothermic reaction. In all cases the anhydrous metal complexes undergo exothermic decomposition reactions to give the metal oxide. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔE, ΔH, ΔS, ΔG) for the occurring processes are calculated. The electrical conductivities of the solid complexes were measured and the activation energy of the complex and its free ligand are also calculated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

3-取代苄氧基-6-取代氨基哒嗪衍生物的合成及其除草活性

通过3-取代苄氧基-6-氟哒嗪在75～80 ℃与二甲胺的绝对无水乙醇溶液封管反应, 或在回流条件下分别与吗啡啉或哌啶反应, 合成一系列新颖的3-取代苄氧基-6-取代氨基哒嗪类化合物, 它们的结构均经IR, ¹H NMR和元素分析确证. 初步的除草活性测定结果表明, 该类化合物具有一定的除草活性, 讨论了它们的结构与除草活性的关系.     

(n-C18H37NH3)2MCl4热容的测定

在差示扫描量热仪(DSC仪)上, 采用扫描热焓法测定物质的热容, 实验精度达到±1%左右. 在190-410 K温度区间内, 测定了四氯合金属酸(Ⅱ)正十八铵(n-C_(18)H_(37)NH_3)_2MCl_4(M=Mn和Zn; 简称C_(18)M)的热容. 同时测定了C_(18)M的固-固相变焓和相变熵. 本文报导了C_(18)M每隔5 K的热力学函数.     

Synthesis and characterization of trans-di(nitrobenzo)- and di(aminobenzo)-18-crown-6 derivatives with high selectivity

The dibenzo-18-crown-6 derivatives such as di(nitrobenzo)-18-crown-6 and di(aminobenzo)-18-crown-6 were synthesized by nitration reaction and catalytic hydrogenation with high selectivity. The chemical structures were determined by FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and UV. Regarding the mixture of Ac₂O and HNO₃ as nitrating agent, the reaction exhibited commendable trans-isomer selectivity. Effects of nitrating agent ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time on yield of trans-di(nitrobenzo)-18-crown-6 were investigated. The yield of trans-di(nitrobenzo)-18-crown-6 was 62.9% for nitrating agent ratio of 1/1, reaction temperature of 50?°C and reaction time of 5?h. Moreover, effect of reaction time on trans-di(aminobenzo)-18-crown-6 was also studied.     

丁二烯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯嵌段共聚物的阴离子聚合及表征

讨论了用阴离子方法进行了二烯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合的过程，并用ＧＰＣ、ＦＴＩＲ、ＮＭＲ和动态粘弹谱对共聚物进行了表征．证明所得聚合物为具有较高分子量、窄分布的二嵌段共聚物．     

醇/水介质对PEG大分子单体与BMA分散共聚反应的影响

通过端基反应法合成了苯乙烯单封端的聚乙二醇(St- PEG)大分子单体,使其与甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)在乙醇 水混合介质中进行分散共聚,得到了聚乙二醇接枝的聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA- g -PEG)高分子微球.PBMA- g -PEG共聚物的亲溶剂 疏溶剂平衡将影响微球的形成,反应结束时,体系随BMA浓度和介质中水含量的变化呈现出4种不同的状态,透明清液、乳液、伴有沉淀或凝胶的乳液和凝胶.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和激光光散射(LLS)对乳液体系的粒径及其形态进行了表征,表明所得接枝高分子微球形态规整具有较好的单分散性.通过控制介质中水的含量和BMA的浓度可得粒径在4 0～5 0 0nm范围的PBMA -g -PEG微球.     

PHOTOCHROMIC LONG-CHAIN ORGANOMERCURY(II) DITHIZONATE COMPLEXES IN THE BIPHENYL SERIES

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of a new series of 4-(4′ -n-alkoxybiphenyl)mercury(II) dithizonates, [C _n H_{2n + 1}OC₆H₄C₆H₄Hg(Hdptc)] (H₂dptc = 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone = dithizone; n = 4, 5, 10, 14 or 18), is described. Meticulous attention to reaction conditions was crucial for the successful synthesis of the intermediate long-chain 4-(4′ -n-alkoxybiphenyl) mercury(II) bromides, which were obtained by room temperature reaction of the 4-alkoxy-4′ -lithiobiphenyl derivatives with HgBr₂ in diethylether. A new, improved procedure was developed for the final dithizone complexation step. A study of the thermal behaviour of the complexes by polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry revealed no mesophases. All of the complexes, however, were reversibly photochromic (yellow ? blue) upon irradiation of chloroform solutions with visible light, and the half-lives of the metastable blue forms were substantially increased relative to that of the parent mercury(II) bis(dithizonate).     

不同苯乙烯含量的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯无规共聚物与聚偏氟乙烯共混体系的相容性研究

用DSC、扫描电镜、雾点测量仪等手段,对不同组成的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯无规共聚物(MS)与聚偏氟乙烯(PVF_2)共混体系的相容性进行了研完。结果表明,随着苯乙烯在MS共聚物中含量的增多,PVF_2/MS共混体系在无定形态时由相容逐渐转变为半相容体系。测定了该体系的最低临界相容温度曲线。     

聚[2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基)_x(三氟乙氧基)_(2-x)]磷腈合成和气体分离性能研究

六氯环三聚磷腈经二次重结晶一次减压升华纯化后,通过真空热开环聚合和亲核取代反应,用不同摩尔比的2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇钠和三氟乙醇纳(1∶3;1∶5;1∶6.5)作为亲核取代试剂混取代聚二氯磷腈,再经多次非溶剂沉淀纯化得到目标聚合物聚[(2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基)x(三氟乙氧基)2-x]磷腈.利用31P-NMR监测,以确保得到纯化的聚合物.采用1H-NMR、FT-IR、GPC、DSC、XRD等测试手段对所得到的聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试,并利用自制的压力法透气性能测定仪测定了这些聚合物的气体渗透系数.结果表明,三氟乙氧基和2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基两种基团已接枝在聚磷腈侧链上,分别得到x值为0.19,0.18和0.08的3种聚[(2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基)x(三氟乙氧基)2-x]磷腈,其玻璃化温度分别为-6.37℃,-12.85℃和-25.68℃,重均分子量为5.4×105,6.8×105和1.5×105,在同样的反应条件下,三氟乙氧基较2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基有更强的竞争取代率.这种混取代聚磷腈较单一取代基的聚三氟乙氧基磷腈结晶度小,在本实验中两种取代基比例适中的聚[(2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙氧基)0.18(三氟乙氧基)1.82]磷腈的结晶度降至10.1%,这种聚合物显示出较高的气体渗透系数,CO2和He的气体渗透系数达到88.9和60.6 barrer,CO2/CH4和He/CH4的选择系数达到24.1和16.4,在天然气行业显露出良好的应用潜力.此外这类聚合物表现出特殊的H2/N2选择性,选择系数在0.2左右,N2的渗透系数为8.5 barrer,因而在合成氨行业显示出特殊的应用潜力.     

取代基对3(5)-(9-蒽基)吡唑光学性质的影响

使用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法优化得到了3(5)-(9-蒽基)吡唑及其衍生物的基态(S₀)分子结构, 使用单激发组态相互作用(CIS)/6-31G(d)方法优化得到这些分子的第一单重激发态(S₁)的几何结构, 并使用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)方法计算了它们的吸收和发射光谱. 计算结果表明, 与3(5)-(9-蒽基)吡唑相比, 无论取代基是吸电子基团还是供电子基团, 衍生物的吸收和发射峰均发生红移, 并且当取代基―R=―BH₂, ―CCl₃, ―CHO, ―NH₂时衍生物有较长的吸收波长和发射波长.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(thioether ether sulfone imide)s derived from isomeric bis(chlorophthalimide)s and bis(4-mercaptophenyl) sulfone

A series of isomeric bis(chlorophthalimide)s (BCPIs) were conveniently prepared from 3-chlorophthalic anhydride, 4-chlorophthalic anhydride, and mixtures thereof. Polymerization of BCPIs with bis(4-mercaptophenyl) sulfone (BMPS) proceeded smoothly in the presence of tributylamine, from which a class of isomeric poly(thioether ether sulfone imide)s (PTESIs) with inherent viscosities of 0.45-0.82 dL/g were obtained. The solubility, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of these polymers were characterized. Compared to the PTESIs derived from single BCPIs, i.e., 3,3′-, 3,4′-, or 4,4′-BCPIs, the PTESIs derived from mixed BCPIs showed better solubility and higher storage modulus. These PTESIs also demonstrated good thermal stability, giving only 5% weight loss at temperature of 490 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. The glass transition temperatures (T_gs) of these isomeric PTESIs were between 242 and 265 °C, and were increased with increasing of the ratio of 3-chlorophthalimide unit in the polymer backbone.