油田高含水期稳产措施配置多层目标规划

措施规划对于延长油田稳产年限 ,提高采油速度及提高最终采收率是十分必要的 .有些学者建立了油田稳产措施规划的整体或区块规划模型 ,但没有考虑实际油田生产各生产层系的地质特性和所采取措施的差别 .本文针对油田开发实际中存在多层现象 ,以区块的各个生产层为基础 ,建立了油田措施的多层目标规划模型 ,并采用合理的算法进行求解 .应用结果表明 ,多层目标规划使措施配置更精细 ,更能反映生产实际 ,是解决油田措施配置问题的一项有力工具     

基于SEC准则的油田开发规划不确定优化模型及算法

在油价低迷的国际背景下,上市石油公司进行油田开发规划时越来越重视经营效益。美国证券交易委员会(SEC)要求上市石油公司采用产量法计提折耗,极大地影响了石油公司开发规划方案的制定。油田开发受到自然、技术等多种不确定因素的影响,在制定开发规划时需充分考虑这些不确定性。本文基于不确定理论,考虑措施增油效果和新增投资两类不确定参数,以经营效益最大化和新增投资最小化为目标,构建了基于SEC准则的油田开发规划不确定优化模型,并利用差分进化算法求解,给出措施工作量的帕累托解集。本文以D油田年度规划为例,通过构建模型并求解,给出开发规划方案集,并进一步分析SEC储量的下降对上市石油公司经营效益、新增投资回报率、油气总产量、油气完全成本和措施工作量的影响,为企业制定开发规划方案提供参考。     

油田稳产措施规划数学模型

措施规划是油田开发领域的一项极为重要的工作,它对于延长油田稳产年限,合理地安排稳产措施是十分必要的.本文对措施规划的几类数学模型进行了分析,提出了对不确定性因素的处理--随机规划的建立与求解方法.     

基于不同优先级的油田增产多目标规划

为了衡量目标优先级不同对油田增产决策的影响,建立了基于不同优先级的多目标规划模型,并对增油量和措施费用两个目标不同优先级下的模型进行了求解,结果表明,目标优先级不同,油田增产措施的配置结果不同,但主要集中在对有效增产措施的配置上,对于效果较差的增产措施并无差异;同时,目标优先级不同导致目标的最优解相差较大,反映了决策者偏好对油田中后期增产决策的重要性.     

基于复合相渗的特低渗透油藏递减率新模型

特低渗透油藏储层物性差,为提高低效井产能常配合压裂等措施,造成产量大幅度波动,预测递减率难度大.为此,以朝阳沟油田朝55区块为例,重点考虑特低渗透油藏自然递减规律和措施工作量的影响,对产量递减多因素分析理论模型进行简化,建立了基于复合相渗的特低渗透油藏递减率新模型.研究结果表明,基于复合相渗的产量递减率模型法产油量平均误差为2.97%,与Arps相比,误差降低1.91百分点,考虑了措施工作量影响后,预测产量能够反映波动状况,预测精度更高,有利于指导油田开发规划.     

油田开发措施配置的最优控制建模及求解

为了解决油田开发后期各种措施的规划问题,本文提出了一个最优控制数学模型,并讨论了其求解方法,将其应用于油田后期的开发措施配置,并通过油田实例应用证明了这一方法的实用性.     

基于控制论的油田开发五年规划模型及其应用

由于油气系统的动态性和复杂性，长期以来油田的五年规划基本上都是采用逐年规划累加来进行代替，整体优化性有待提高。本文从整体优化的角度出发，将整个油气开发系统按其产量构成划分为若干个子系统，在研究总产量与其分项产量之间递变规律的基础上，结合功能模拟建立了油田产量开发系统的状态转移方程，并在此基础上利用目标规划建立了油田五年规划模型。实际应用表明，该模型能很好的解决油田开发的五年规划问题。     

油田开发规划多目标产量分配优化模型及其应用

利用功能模拟原理(微分模拟方法及神经网络方法)建立的油田开发指标关联关系，研究并建立了油田开发规划中的产量最大，成本最低。效益最好的多目标产量分配优化模型。这些优化模型成功地解决了油田的总产量及对应的工作量成本等其它开发指标最优地分配到各二级开采单位的产量最优分配问题，将模型应用于国内某中后期开发油田的开发规划中产生了较好的经济效益。     

JYC油田8106-5井组调剖设计及效果预测

针对JYC油田的8106-5井组进行了调剖设计以及效果预测.首先,应用一种数学方法对调剖半径、调剖剂用量进行理论研究,得到8106-5井组的调剖半径为14.09 m,调剖剂用量为266 m3.接着,对调剖效果进行预测.应用油藏工程方法,确定调剖措施后各层的等效渗透率、吸水量,并通过对平面分配系数以及油井的分层含水率的计算,得到8106-5井组的日产油量为1.24 t.通过对产油量递减规律的研究,得到8106-5井组的调剖有效期和累积增油量分别为358 d和413.35 t.结果表明,研究成果对同类型油田的调剖设计及效果预测的研究有推广应用价值.     

基于改进灰色verhulst模型的稠油产量预测

稠油油田开发是一个复杂的过程,在地下信息较少的情况下可以将其视为灰色系统.以辽河油田某稠油研究区为例,基于Verhulst模型建模理论对该区2005-2011年的年产油量建模发现后期预测误差呈增大趋势.在Verhulst模型的基础上结合G(1,1)灰色建模理论建立了残差修正年产油量Verhulst模型,模型精度由原来的96.0994%提高到97.6763%.2012-2014年的年产油量预测结果显示残差修正模型的预测精度达到了99.2281%,且关联度检验结果显著提高.将模型预测结果与数值模拟预测结果进行了对比,结果表明残差修正的Verhulst模型是一种快速、简洁、精准的预测方法,在一定的条件下使用残差修正Verhulst模型,不仅可以预测稠油油田近期的年产油量,还可对研究区后期开发方案调整等问题提供决策依据.     

Estimating the Oil Reserve Base in the UK Continental Shelf

Various models have been used to estimate the amount of oil recoverable from an oil province and the likely sequence of discoveries from any further exploration programme, often with significantly different results. One particular type of model, the discovery-process model, considers oil exploration as a sampling process without replacement, with the underlying size distribution of oilfields determined by the maximum likelihood method. In this paper we consider one example of this type of model, the O'Carroll model, which was previously dismissed as misspecified because of the apparently unrealistic results it gave from early North Sea data. We re-examine this model, solving the integer-constrained maximum likelihood problem in a novel way—as an allocation problem in dynamic programming. Our conclusion is that this model gives a robust estimate of the oil potential in the UK Continental Shelf and a credible distribution of fields yet to be found.     

Planning logistics operations in the oil industry

In this paper we apply stochastic programming modelling and solution techniques to planning problems for a consortium of oil companies. A multiperiod supply, transformation and distribution scheduling problem—the Depot and Refinery Optimization Problem (DROP)—is formulated for strategic or tactical level planning of the consortium's activities. This deterministic model is used as a basis for implementing a stochastic programming formulation with uncertainty in the product demands and spot supply costs (DROPS), whose solution process utilizes the deterministic equivalent linear programming problem. We employ our STOCHGEN general purpose stochastic problem generator to ‘recreate’ the decision (scenario) tree for the unfolding future as this deterministic equivalent. To project random demands for oil products at different spatial locations into the future and to generate random fluctuations in their future prices/costs a stochastic input data simulator is developed and calibrated to historical industry data. The models are written in the modelling language XPRESS-MP and solved by the XPRESS suite of linear programming solvers. From the viewpoint of implementation of large-scale stochastic programming models this study involves decisions in both space and time and careful revision of the original deterministic formulation. The first part of the paper treats the specification, generation and solution of the deterministic DROP model. The stochastic version of the model (DROPS) and its implementation are studied in detail in the second part and a number of related research questions and implications discussed.     

The Application of Linear Programming to Integrated Supply Problems in the Oil Industry

The supply problem of an integrated oil company comprises the allocation of crude oils to refineries, the calculation of refinery programmes and the transportation of finished products to the market. Formulated in terms of mathematical programming, the problem presents some interesting features from the mathematical viewpoint, but these are dwarfed by problems arising from the sheer size of the model.     

石油期货价格距到期日效应波动实证研究

世界石油期货价格是否存在价格的波动性随到期日的临近而上升的趋势,对于投机商和市场监管都至关重要.研究根据中外石油期货合约的收盘价格得到较为平稳的日收益率,以37个合约的收益率为样本,分别建立时间序列ARM A主模型,并进一步建立带"到期时间"哑变量的GARCH模型.实证分析了世界石油期货收益率的到期日效应.在分析产生到期日效应原因的时,建立了带"成交量"与"国际价格"变量的GARCH模型,对成交量与国际石油期货价格对中国期货价格到期日的影响进行研究.     

Application of fuzzy linear programming to aggregate production plan of a refinery industry in Taiwan

After the oil market in Taiwan has been opened to private enterprise, the oil refinery industries in Taiwan have not only entered a completely free market; but also faced the challenge from world competition. In such an environment, there exist varieties of uncertain factors, which have caused the failure of traditional production planning models. Therefore, in this study we develop a responsive and flexible production planning system to cope with uncertain manufacturing factors. On the basis of fuzzy set theory, the uncertain demand and cost are clarified, and a fuzzy linear programming model is proposed to find a maximal profit production strategy with degree of satisfaction. The proposed model has been applied to CPC Corporation, Taiwan. The results show that the developed model is able to provide useful information for developing profit-effective oil refinery strategies in an uncertain environment.     

Modeling Optimal Allocation of Deficit Irrigation: Application to Crop Production in Saudi Arabia

We develop an integrated dynamic programming—linear programming (LP) model to solve for optimal land exploitation for a given crop. The model applies deficit irrigation in order to increase the irrigated area at the expense of reducing the crop yield per unit area. The dynamic program guarantees that deficit irrigation is considered only when it is economically efficient. Moreover, it provides the best irrigation level for each growth stage of the crop, accounting for the varying impact of water stress overtime. The LP provides the best tradeoff between expanding the irrigated area and decreasing water share per hectare. The model objective is to maximize the total expected crop yield. The model is particularly applicable for regions suffering from irrigation water scarcity, such as Saudi Arabia. The implementation was made for crops in Al-Jouf Region, north of Saudi Arabia     

国际原油价格波动与原油进口对GDP的影响研究

基于国际原油价格的历史数据,应用统计学的方法证明国际原油价格的波动具有马尔科夫性。视我国原油进口的价格为马尔科夫链,计算其状态转移概率。在总结我国原油进口策略的基础上,估算了在各种进口价格状态下每种策略对我国GDP造成的损失,继而建立了最优策略的线性规划模型。结果显示,即使在最优策略的情况下,国际原油价格的波动仍会每月对我国的GDP造成470.78亿元的损失。     

非常规油气资源开发投资决策优化模型研究

非常规油气资源作为最现实的可替代能源,对其进行勘探和开发对于降低日益加大的石油供需矛盾缺口和确保国家能源安全均具有重要的战略意义。然而,非常规油气资源勘探开发十分复杂,开发投资决策好坏已经成为制约其能否实现规模化和产业化的关键问题,科学投资决策问题已逐步成为石油企业高层管理者的主要职责。针对非常规油气资源开发投资的多阶段多目标决策优化难题,以可供开发区块的资源分配为重点研究对象,从解决不同区块投资规模入手,运用多阶段决策、多目标决策和不确定多属性方案优选的方法理论,通过剖析非常规油气开发投资决策过程及其复杂性特征,将开发投资决策过程进行形式化描述并在计算机中加以实现,从而得以实现开发投资决策方案的动态性调整。本项研究不仅有助于深化多目标动态优化决策理论的研究,还为解决非常规油气资源开发投资决策难题提供一种新的思路和方法。