HL-2M 装置磁测量系统设计及初始放电实验结果

介绍了 HL-2M 装置上满足等离子体放电的磁测量系统的物理设计,主要包括磁探针、磁通环以及 电流测量系统的设计。通过 HL-2M 装置典型的放电位形参数对磁探针的极向布局、有效面积,磁通环的极向布 局以及测量等离子体电流的罗氏圈互感值进行了初步设计。目前,HL-2M 装置已经完成初始等离子体放电。各个 子系统均能达到其测量目标。      

微型环流器的电磁测量

本文概述了微型环流器的几项电磁测量方法及其实验结果。利用磁探头测量了等离子体柱的位移,对等离子体平衡和稳定性作了进一步的观测。利用等离子体反磁测量得到T_e+T_i为36—50电子伏,τE约为80微秒。利用自制的参数测量仪测量了具有时间分辨的等离子体电导率与欧姆加热功率。由电导率及静电探针测量得到T_e约为20电子伏。由静电探针测量得到n_e约为10~(13)厘米~(-3)。     

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采用了新的放电方案,消除了环向场对磁测量的影响。通过修改信号调理电路,解决了积分器不能响应磁通快速变化的问题;通过改进磁测量的标定方法,在准确标定磁通和极向磁探针测量的同时,有效地标定了径向磁探针的测量信号。输入这些有效标定数据后,EFIT能快速收敛,获得了准确可靠的位形重建结果,与探针、氢阿尔法和CCD等诊断结果很好符合。同时介绍了自行研制的sFIT位形重建代码,该代码得到的位形重建结果,与EFIT反演结果一致。     

HL-2A 等离子体位形重建研究

采用了新的放电方案,消除了环向场对磁测量的影响。通过修改信号调理电路,解决了积分器不能响应磁通快速变化的问题;通过改进磁测量的标定方法,在准确标定磁通和极向磁探针测量的同时,有效地标定了径向磁探针的测量信号。输入这些有效标定数据后,EFIT 能快速收敛,获得了准确可靠的位形重建结果,与探针、氢阿尔法和CCD 等诊断结果很好符合。同时介绍了自行研制的sFIT 位形重建代码,该代码得到的位形重建结果,与EFIT 反演结果一致。     

HL-1装置等离子体平衡的实验研究

用对称磁探针测量了HL-1装置等离子体环的水平位移和垂直位移,经微机数据处理系统即时给出了位移随时间的变化曲线,并对装置的杂散场情况作了讨论。实验表明,平衡场和杂散垂直场的合成场能保证等离子体平衡在孔栏中心附近的位置。     

利用密度反馈实现离子源长脉冲放电

 介绍了等离子体密度对离子源放电的影响,为了获得长脉冲放电,采用朗缪尔探针测量等离子体密度并反馈调节离子源放电。基于朗缪尔探针测量,设计了控制部分硬件与软件构架,建立了离子源等离子体密度反馈控制系统,并成功地应用于离子源等离子体放电实验,通过反馈调节实验进气,得到了长达4.5 s的长脉冲放电,为中性束注入稳态运行提供了依据。     

碰撞等离子体中电中性条件对单探针测量的约束

在碰撞等离子体中使用单探针测量系统测得的伏安特性曲线会发生畸变. 实验中分别测量了非碰撞条件下(20 Pa)和碰撞条件下(400 Pa)氩气(Ar)电感耦合等离子体的单探针伏安特性曲线, 并进一步通过在400 Pa下测量不同位置处的单探针伏安特性曲线和引入干扰电极调节整体电中性约束的程度的方法来分析研究曲线的畸变现象. 结果表明碰撞等离子体中整体电中性约束条件会对非碰撞探针测量系统进行约束, 并通过理论分析和实验证明:在单探针测量过程中, 以真空室壁为电位参考点, 等离子体将通过改变自身等离子体电位来满足整体电中性的要求, 此时, 单探针测得的伏安特性曲线就不是理论上的单探针的鞘层伏安特性.     

层流氩等离子体射流温度的测量

 采用给水冷管状静电探针施加负偏置电压、并使探针以一定速度垂直于射流轴线扫过层流氩等离子体射流的方法,测量探针所收集到的累积离子饱和电流随侧向位置的变化,利用Abel变换推导出了局部离子饱和电流密度沿射流径向的分布;采用自制的水冷动压探针,以动态扫描法测量了射流动压沿射流径向的分布;根据局部离子饱和电流密度和射流动压的测量数据,由理论关系式推导出了等离子体射流横截面上的温度分布,同时,采用谱线相对强度法测量了等离子体射流的激发温度。结果表明：两种方法得到的等离子体射流中心温度吻合较好,所得到的射流中心温度随弧电流加大而增大的变化趋势也一致。     

HL-2A等离子体边缘的快速单探针测量

介绍了对HL-2A装置中平面边缘等离子体的单探针测量。单探针是安装在可径向移动、并可绕轴旋 转360o的传动杆上的。在1MHz的快速采样频率下,测量了主等离子体边缘的温度、密度、悬浮电位、空间电位、极 向等离子体流速的径向分布。测量的结果表明,利用单探针测量的主等离子体边缘参数与朗缪尔四探针测量结果 基本一致。     

用发射探针降落法测量等离子体空间电位

介绍了一种用发射探针测量等离子体空间电位的方法——“降落法”,并利用这种方法测量了双共振腔ECR微波等离子体源的空间电位分布,从中得到该等离子体内部的一些电场信息。给出了不同微波功率和不同压强下Ar等离子体空间电位的分布情况。     

Determination of Plasma Position Using Poloidal Flux Loops and Comparison With Magnetic Probe Measurement in IR-T1 Tokamak

In this paper, we present two magnetic techniques for the measurement of plasma position in IR-T1 tokamak: a poloidal flux loop and a magnetic probe method. In the first method, two flux loops were designed and installed toroidally on the outer surface of the IR-T1 tokamak, and then, displacement of the plasma column was measured from them. In addition, to compare the plasma position obtained using the flux loops, an array of four magnetic probes was designed, constructed, and installed on the outer surface of the IR-T1 tokamak, and plasma position was measured from them. Results were compared and found to be in good agreement with each other.      

Magnetostriction of thin flat superconductor in a transverse magnetic field

Magnetostriction loops of a hard superconductor are calculated analytically. The geometry under consideration is a thin flat superconductor in a magnetic field perpendicular to the flat face of the sample. The analytical representation of the results is given in a relationship with the magnetic flux distribution inside a sample in the mixed state of superconductivity. The simulations are consistent with the measurements on the high-temperature superconductor LaSrCuO.     

Upgrade of the magnetic diagnostic system for restart of HT-6M operation

The HT-6M tokamak at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology has been restarted. In order to ensure the smooth breakdown of plasma and obtain plasma discharge parameters, optimization of the poloidal field coils and upgrade of the magnetic diagnostics are described in this article. A perfect null field (stray field in the main chamber < 10 G) is obtained using an ohmic heating field. To obtain important information about the plasma, an external magnetic diagnostics system is designed and calibrated, including a Rogowski coil (measuring plasma current), a magnetic probe (measuring external field), diamagnetic loops (measuring β_p) and so on. In order to realize high-frequency signal measurement and transmission, a series of frequency responses with the magnetic probe and transmission line are tested. Later, to verify the null field, a fitting code is developed to reconstruct the stray field in the vacuum chamber based on magnetic probe measurements and flux loops. The results show that the error is within 1.5%. This indicates the accuracy of the magnetic measurement system and ensures the preparation for the breakdown of plasma.     

自由界面轴对称等离子体位形的绝热演化

本文将轴对称等离子体的平衡方程与它对磁面求平均的磁面平均方程相结合,求出了等离子体平衡位形随时间的绝热演化。计算结果与解析的Furth-Yoshikawa定标律符合较好。文中还给出了两种不同类型磁压缩装置的等离子体位形的演化。 关键词：     

非平衡Al等离子体三温自由程的数值模拟

在非平衡系统中,采用三温(光子温度t_γ,电子温度t_e和离子温度t_i)模型来计算光子能流的自由程;通过解速率方程得到电子的占据几率P_i,讨论了它与用Femi-Dirac分布函数算得的n_f之间的差别;给出了Al等离子体三温自由程的数值模拟结果。     

均匀晕等离子体区中性粒子输运的两能群模型

本文给出一种简单的两能群模型并用它验证了原子过程对晕(Halo)等离子体区的中性粒子输运所起的作用。估计了均匀晕等离子体区对入射中性粒子通量的反射率和透射率。最后用本模型与SPUDNUT程序的计算结果做了比较。     

Interaction of plasma facing materials for fusion devices with low energy hydrogen and helium particles

Abstract

Radiation damage formed in metal specimens exposed to long pulse tokamak plasmas of TRIAM-1M was examined by transmission electron microscopy. By comparing these results with those of low energy hydrogen ion irradiation it was concluded that the charge exchange energetic neutrals of hydrogen emitted from the core plasma caused remarkable displacement damage. The flux of the neutrals in the energy range of 0.5–3 keV which were responsible for displacement damage, was estimated to be about 1.5–3 × 10¹⁸ H/m²/s. These energetic neutrals cause not only material degradation at the sub-surface region but also change bulk properties of plasma facing components in a plasma confinement device. Effect of helium plasma was also discussed with emphasis on very strong effects on damage accumulation. Damage by He is a serious issue of plasma facing materials.     

Role of equilibrium plasma flow on damping of slow MHD waves

In the solar corona waves and oscillatory activities are observed with modern imaging and spectral instruments. These oscillations are interpreted as slow magneto-acoustic waves excited impulsively in coronal loops. This study explores the effect of steady plasma flow on the dissipation of slow magneto-acoustic waves in the solar coronal loops permeated by uniform magnetic field. We have investigated the damping of slow waves in the coronal plasma taking into account viscosity and thermal conductivity as dissipative processes. On solving the dispersion relation it is found that the presence of plasma flow influences the characteristics of wave propagation and dissipation. We have shown that the time damping of slow waves exhibits varying behavior depending upon the physical parameters of the loop. The wave energy flux associated with slow magnetoacoustic waves turns out to be of the order of 10⁶ erg cm⁻² s⁻¹ which is high enough to replace the energy lost through optically thin coronal emission and the thermal conduction below to the transition region.     

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在HT-7装置上采用红外热像仪测量了活动限制器的表面温度,显示了第一壁温度与等离子体水平位移、波加热参数的关系,一定程度上反映了等离子体与壁相互作用的程度。采用ANSYS计算了活动限制器表面大致的能流分布,其结果与方法可为EAST装置等第一壁温度的测量和能流的计算分析提供一定的参考。     

Fundamentals in generalized elasticity and dislocation theory of quasicrystals: Green tensor,dislocation key-formulas and dislocation loops

The present work provides fundamental quantities in generalized elasticity and dislocation theory of quasicrystals. In a clear and straightforward manner, the three-dimensional Green tensor of generalized elasticity theory and the extended displacement vector for an arbitrary extended force are derived. Next, in the framework of dislocation theory of quasicrystals, the solutions of the field equations for the extended displacement vector and the extended elastic distortion tensor are given; that is, the generalized Burgers equation for arbitrary sources and the generalized Mura–Willis formula, respectively. Moreover, important quantities of the theory of dislocations as the Eshelby stress tensor, Peach–Koehler force, stress function tensor and the interaction energy are derived for general dislocations. The application to dislocation loops gives rise to the generalized Burgers equation, where the displacement vector can be written as a sum of a line integral plus a purely geometric part. Finally, using the Green tensor, all other dislocation key-formulas for loops, known from the theory of anisotropic elasticity, like the Peach–Koehler stress formula, Mura–Willis equation, Volterra equation, stress function tensor and the interaction energy are derived for quasicrystals.