基于BRDF数据的金属漆颜料制品的色貌预测评估北大核心CSCD

通过双目观察与匹配心理物理学实验,对金属漆颜料制品在两种几何条件下进行了视觉评价,随后将金属漆颜料制品的视觉平均数据分别与基于双向反射分布函数(BRDF)数据和基于PR715分光辐射计测量结果的色貌模型预测结果进行最小二乘法线性拟合。实验结果表明,在不同几何条件下,BRDF数据均可以用来对金属漆颜料制品进行色貌预测;对于三属性预测而言,在明度和彩度方面,基于BRDF数据的色貌模型预测精度不如基于PR715分光辐射计数据的色貌模型预测精度,而在色调角方面,基于BRDF数据的色貌模型预测精度则高于基于PR715分光辐射计数据的色貌模型预测精度。     

基于图像色貌和梯度特征的图像质量客观评价

图像质量评价(IQA)方法需要考虑如何从主观视觉度量结果出发,设计出符合该结果的客观图像质量评价方法,应用到相关实际问题中.本文从视觉感知特性出发,量化色度和结构特征信息,提出了基于色貌和梯度两个图像特征的图像质量客观评价模型.两个色貌新指标(vividness和depth)是色度特征信息提取算子;梯度算子用来提取结构特征信息.其中, vividness相似图一方面作为特征提取算子计算失真图像局部质量分数,另一方面作为图像全局权重系数反应每个像素的重要程度.为了量化所提模型的主要参数,根据通用模型性能评价指标,使用Taguchi实验设计方法进行优化.为了验证该模型的性能,使用4个常用图像质量数据库中的94幅参考图像和4830幅失真图像进行对比测试,从预测精度、计算复杂度和泛化性进行分析.结果表明,所提模型的精度PLCC值在4给数据库中最低实现0.8455,最高可以达到0.9640,综合性能优于10个典型和近期发表的图像质量评估(IQA)模型.研究结果表明,所提模型是有效的、可行的,是一个性能优异的IQA模型.     

基于模式识别技术的色貌模型评价研究

选用Munsell新标数据集,采用基于模式识别技术的圆度、色相角偏差、明度线性度与空间投影点聚集度四个指标来分别评价目前八个典型色貌模型在彩度均匀性、色相预测准确性、明度均匀性、颜色的空间再现的能力。结果表明,不同的色貌模型在四个方面的颜色再现性上表现出不同的优势。八个色貌模型对彩度预测最好的是RLAB,每个色貌模型对红色和绿色预测比较好,CAM02在色相预测整体上占优势;明度的均匀性预测都比较好,尤其是CIELAB;LLAB的颜色的空间再现能力最好。     

与观察时间相关的人眼对比度敏感特性研究

研究了人眼在不同观察时间下的亮度对比度敏感函数。从CIE规定的颜色中心中分别选取中性灰和橙色作为图片背景,并得到不同空间频率的矩形条纹图片。根据心理物理学的极限法进行视觉评价,测得在两个背景三种典型适应观察时间下人眼的亮度对比度敏感函数。比较了中性灰和橙色背景下人眼亮度对比度敏感函数数据,并拟合得到在不同背景及对比度适应时间下的亮度对比度敏感特性曲线。结果表明,当观察时间相同时,橙色背景的亮度对比敏感函数值比中性灰背景的亮度对比度敏感函数值小;随着人眼对条纹观察时间的延长,人眼亮度对比度敏感函数的峰值及其对应的空间频率也随之增大,与背景颜色无关。     

Change of Color Appearance in Photopic,Mesopic and Scotopic Vision

Mesopic vision describes a range of light levels where vision is mediated by both cones and rods. The appearance of color in mesopic vision differs drastically from that in photopic vision, where only cones mediate visual information. We used a haploscopic color matching technique to investigate the color appearance under various illuminance levels, ranging from photopic to scotopic via mesopic levels. The observers did color matching between a test color chip under various illuminance levels and a matching color stimulus presented on the Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) display under the photopic illuminance condition. The results showed that not only chroma and lightness but hue of most color chips changed with illuminance. The manner of the hue changed depended on the color of the test chip, while matching points approached a neutral gray with decrease in illuminance level for all test chips. Chroma reduced continuously with decrease of the illuminance level until 0.1 lx for reddish and yellowish color chips or until 1 lx for greenish and bluish ones. Beyond those illuminance levels, chroma was approximately constant. Lightness decreased with decreasing illuminance level for all test chips except bluish color chips, for which lightness did not decrease much in general and even increased in some cases as predicted by the Purkinje shift. The experimental results obtained in the present study provide critical features that should be considered in predicting the appearance of color at low light levels.     

Color Appearance Determined by Recognition of Space

The color appearance was measured for a test patch which was placed in a test room illuminated by daylight lamps and was looked at from a subject room illuminated by one of four colored illuminations, red, yellow, green and blue, through windows of various sizes. When the window was small so that only the test patch was seen within the window the color of the test patch appeared almost opponent to the illumination color, but as soon as something was seen within the window of a larger size the color returned to the original color of the test patch. To recognize the test room as a space was essential to perceive the real color of the test patch. The results were explained by the concept of the recognized visual space of illumination.     

主观评价法在颜色研究中的应用

本文介绍了目前在色适应、色貌研究中运用方便而有效一种颜色分度方法──主观评价法。从文献中引述了其基本概念及使用原则，并列举几例说明此方法应用的普遍性和意义。     

Color Appearance of a Patch Explained by RVSI for the Conditions of Various Colors of Room Illumination and of Various Luminance Levels of the Patch

Whenever we enter a space illuminated differently from a previous space whether in color or in illuminance, we can quickly adapt to the new atmosphere and can again perceive white for the originally white object; this is known as color constancy. This phenomenon is explained by rotation of the recognition axis of the recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) toward the illumination color. The explanation then predicts that the color appearance of a test patch changes radically toward the opposite direction from the color of illumination when the physical property of the test patch is kept unchanged at a neutral white. This prediction was confirmed by Experiment 1, where eight different colors of illumination were employed. The test patch appeared very vivid in color and shifted toward the opposite direction from the color of the illumination. In RVSI theory the light source color mode is explained by the release of the test patch from the restriction of RVSI. The release can be achieved by increasing the luminance of the test patch and the color appearance of the patch should then return to its own color as it is no longer controlled by RVSI. In Experiment 2 these predictions were investigated by increasing the luminance of the test patch to a much higher level than that of the objects in the lit room fixed at an illuminance of about 1001x. The color appearance of the test patch indeed became the light source color and returned to the original neutral white. Emphasis was given in the course of the experiments that the subjects were observing the test patch presented in a real 3D space where the subjects also stayed inside so that they could properly construct RVSI for the space.     

Color Appearance Explained,Predicted and Confirmed by the Concept of Recognized Visual Space of Illumination

Ten years have passed since we proposed a new concept called recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI). The central idea of the concept assumes that our brain first recognizes how a space is illuminated and then judges colors of anything seen in the space in relation to the RVSI constructed for the space. In another expression we say that the space is recognized first and the color perception next. In this paper some of our experiments that proved the appropriateness of the concept will be introduced. When a white paper was seen through a colored filter we could perceive the paper as white at the same instant we recognized a space through and beyond the filter. When an achromatic patch independent from the room illumination was observed under colored illumination its appearance immediately changed to that roughly opponent to the illumination color. When two gray patches of the same lightness were drawn in a picture of a white grating on a black background on a way that one appeared to locate on this side of the grating and the other in the other side, the former appeared brighter. These all confirmed the predictions based on the RVSI concept.     

The Brain Adaptation to the Color of Illumination and not the Retinal Adaptation to the Color of Objects that Determines the Color Appearance of an Object in the Space

Color appearance was measured for a test patch which was placed in a test room illuminated by the daylight type of illumination and was looked at from the subject room illuminated by one of the four colored illuminations, red, yellow, green, and blue, through a window of three different sizes. When the window was the smallest so that only the test patch was seen within the window the color of the test patch appeared almost opponent to the illumination color, but as soon as something is seen within the window of larger size the color returned to the original color of the test patch to indicate the color constancy. To recognize the test room as a space was essential to perceive the real color of the test patch. This returning to the original colors was not influenced by green color of objects densely placed in the test room or by red color of objects again densely placed in the test room. The results imply that the color appearance of the test patch is not determined by the retinal chromatic adaptation, but by the brain adaptation to color of the illumination in the space.     

Size Effect of the Immediate Surround for the Border between the Natural and Unnatural Object Color Appearance

The border luminance of the test stimulus between the natural and unnatural object color, y_ynB_u was obtained for different spatial sizes of the immediate surround to prove that _nB_u can be determined based on a new recognized visual space of illumination (RVSI) that is assumed to be constructed for the immediate surround separately from the RVSI for the subjects room itself. The _nB_u of five test stimuli were determined for six different sizes covering from zero to 1866 cm² with four different lightnesses, N4, N6 and N8, while keeping the room illuminance constant at 100 or 600 lx. The results showed that luminance of the border _nB_u gradually decreased as the size of the immediate surround was increased and that the decrease was larger for immediate surround with lower lightness. The results were interpreted as showing a new RVSI constructed for the spatial extent of the immediate surround of the test stimulus, and the RVSI was more completely constructed for larger spatial size of the immediate surround. © 2005 The Optical Society of Japan     

用阴极射线管显示器研究辨色阈值Ⅱ:典型色差公式评价

利用由辨色阈值实验得到的CIELAB颜色空间中等明度a*-b*平面上的视觉数据,对四个典型色差公式CIELAB、CMC、CIE94和CIEDE2000在辨色阈值水平上的色差预测性能进行测试和评价,并采用性能因子PF/3来表示各色差公式的优劣。对于原始形式(kC=kH=1)的色差公式,CIEDE2000的色差预测性能最好,其次为CIE94和CMC,CIELAB最差。采用对kC和kH进行优化后的色差公式,CIEDE2000的色差预测性能依然最佳,其余三个色差公式的预测性能基本相同;除了CIELAB明显改善外,其他公式的色差预测性能只比原始形式略有提高。色差公式CIEDE2000在黄色和蓝色区域的色差预测性能表现优异,但在灰色、红色和绿色区域的预测性能仍有待进一步改进。     

半色调荧光图像的光谱反射与透射模型

荧光油墨半色调印刷品的显色预测规律是彩色成像领域内十分关键的课题。把荧光半色调印刷品反射出来的光分成两个独立的部分,即由最初入射光组成的主光流和由于吸收了主光流而产生的荧光流;并且采用了一个指数矩阵来描述墨层产生的荧光光强,从而得出了荧光半色调图像色彩的光反射规律。考虑到入射光中从一种颜色油墨入射后再由同色油墨出射的概率要比从其它色油墨出射的概率要大的事实,讨论中引入权重因子描述从同色油墨出射部分与从整个表面出射部分比例不同的现象,建立了荧光油墨半色调图像的Clapper-Yule新光谱反射率模型。     

LED光环境及服装色彩对消费者行为影响分析

LED光源具有高显色性、高发光效率、寿命长、节能环保等优秀的性能,目前很多服装店已经采用L ED进行照明.但服装店在选择照明方式上出现很多问题,比如灯光不能再现服装的真实原貌,消费者的氛围感知不强,消费者购买欲望差.以可调L ED光源为基础,针对服装店室内照明场合,分别采用普通照明方式、重点照明方式、局部照明方式和混合...