青藏北羌塘新第三纪玄武岩单斜辉石地球化学

目的通过玄武岩中单斜辉石成分及微量元素地球化学的研究,探讨岩浆源区性质及其大陆动力学意义。方法利用电子探针和激光探针剥蚀技术,分析了北羌塘半岛湖新第三纪粗面玄武岩中单斜辉石斑晶的常量、微量及稀土元素特征。结果单斜辉石主要为透辉石和顽透辉石种属,是玄武岩浆上升过程中逐步结晶的产物;矿物中富集Rb,Sr,Ba,Zr,Hf,Nb和Th,U,Pb,并存在Sc,Ti,V等铁族元素的低度富集,稀土元素总量平均857×10-6,轻重稀土分异显著,轻稀土强烈富集,无明显铕异常。结论单斜辉石是玄武质岩石中痕量及稀土元素的重要赋存矿物相。     

青藏高原风化壳红土的沉积地球化学和矿物学特征及环境意义

对青藏高原主夷平面上分布的风化壳红土进行了沉积地球化学和矿物学方面的研究。结果表明,高原风化壳红土中细粒物质（粒径小于１ｍｍ）的粒径分布范围较广且比较均匀;红土中粘粒部分的主要化学成分为ＳｉＯ２,Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３;粘土矿物多属于伊利石－高岭石型组合,少数属高岭石－伊利石型组合。高原风化壳红土处在红土化的初期阶段,间接反映了青藏高原古岩溶发育时期的湿热气候。     

西藏措勤—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学特征

青藏高原拉萨地块是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的重要地区之一,其中广泛发育的碰撞—后碰撞岩浆岩记录了新生代以来印度大陆岩石圈向北俯冲的全过程以及拉萨地块在碰撞-后碰撞之后的岩浆作用类型.基于对措勘—赛利普地区新生代火山岩地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素资料的分析,表明火山岩中以明显富碱和高钾为特征;Sr同位素呈递增而Nd同位素呈递...     

^40Ar-^39Ar geochronology of Cenozoic Linzizong volcanic rocks from Linzhou Basin, Tibet, China, and their geological implications

Whole-rock and mineral separate Ar-Ar dating was carried out for the Linzizong volcanic rocks at Linzhou Basin in Tibet to constrain the time span of volcanism and the corresponding stratigraphic sequence. Sampling was based on detailed geologic mapping and stratigraphic sequence of Dianzhong, Nianbo, Pana Formations, systematically from the bottom to near the top. The results indicate that the Linzizong volcanic rocks erupted from Paleocene to middle of Eocene (64.43--43.93 Ma). Among them, the Pana Formation formed from ca. 48.73 to 43.9 Ma, the Nianbo Formation around 54 Ma and the Dianzhong Formation from 64.4 to 60.6 Ma. In combination with evidence from the geochemical characteristics of the volcanic rocks, and from stratigraphy in southern Tibet, it is postulated that the age of the lowest member in the Dianzhong Formation of the Linzizong volcanic rock, which overlies unconformably the Late Cretaceous Shexing Formation, likely corresponds to the inception of the collision between Indian and Asian continents in southern Tibet.     

藏北火车头山新生代火山岩的岩石特征与时代

火车头山地区的新生代火山岩位于藏北火山岩带的中段,火山岩主要以熔岩被、平顶山、火山锥的形式产出,熔岩厚约20 ～300 m.对其矿物组合、矿物化学和岩石化学的研究表明,为一套强碱性的碱玄岩-响岩组合.根据火山岩的接触关系、K-Ar和40Ar/39Ar同位素年龄测定结果,可分为三期.第Ⅰ期(年龄为34～32 Ma)火山喷发较弱,形成小范围分布的白榴碧玄岩;第Ⅱ期(年龄为29～26 Ma)火山喷溢最为强烈,形成大面积厚层白榴石响岩、响岩质碱玄岩和粗斑状霞石响岩;第Ⅲ期(年龄为24～19 Ma)火山喷发较弱,岩性为白榴碱玄岩和白榴碱玄质响岩.     

K-Ar age of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Nangqen Basin, Qinghai Province and its geological significance

The Nangqen Basin is one of the typical shearing-extensional basins situated in the north part of the Hengduan Mts. Nine ages of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the basin by K-Ar isotope-dilution technique have been reported in the note. The apparent ages of whole rock and separated biotite range from 32.04 to 36.50 Ma. The₄₀Ar-K (%) correlation isochronal line shows that there existed neither argon excessing, nor radiogenetic argon loosing, i.e. the age represents the true diagenetic time. Volcanic activity in this area occurred in the post-collision environment and is controlled by lithosphere substantial thickening and violent intercontinental shearing-strike slip faults. There is age difference of the magmatic activity in the east, the west and the north Tibet. The multi-periodic eruption-intrusion of the magmatic melt since Cenozoic is a tracer showing the pulsating uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.     

青藏高原形成演化有待深化研究的几个主要科学问题

 青藏高原是研究大陆-大陆碰撞、造山、地壳增厚机制等大陆动力学基本理论问题的理想实验场所。本文依据中国地质科学院执行的3大项目（中法合作、中美合作、亚东格尔木研究）及其他有关研究的成果,从15个方面（包括9个地壳上地幔相关及6个派生的矿产资源和地震问题）论述了研究进展和有待深化的科学问题。     

羌塘地块北界拉竹龙—西金乌兰—玉树结合带印支期构造环境探讨

认为羌塘北部边界断裂结合带在印支期期间具有明显的构造分段性,其东段在玉树地区发育有较完整的蛇绿岩组合,且发育有限洋盆;此有限洋向西延伸呈收敛的趋势,由有限洋逐渐转变为陆间裂谷至大陆边缘裂谷,蛇绿岩组合逐渐消失,火成岩渐变为裂谷型双峰式火山岩组合。     

Seismic P-wave tomography in eastern Tibet: Formation of the rifts

For better studying the relationship between the rifts and deep structure, a detailed P-wave velocity structure under eastern Tibet has been modeled using 4767 arrival times from 169 teleseismic events recorded by 51 portable stations. In horizontal slices through the model, a prominent low-velocity anomaly was detected under the rifts from the surface to a depth of ~250 km; this extends to a depth of ~400 km in the vertical slice. This low-velocity anomaly is interpreted as an upper mantle upwelling. The o...     

Discovery of eclogite and its geological significance in Qiangtang area, central Tibet

Eclogites have been found in the margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau respectively since the 1990s. First Eocene eclogite from Himalayan belt was discov- ered in Kaghan valley, northern Pakistan in 1991, in which coesite was identified[1,2]. Then two eclog…     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb geochronology and petrogenesis of the plagiogranites from the Lagkor Lake ophiolite, Gerze, Tibet, China

Field relationship, along with petrographical, petrological, and geochemical characteristics, and zircon populations, indicates that the plagiogranites from the Lagkor Lake ophiolite in the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone (~ 20 km south of Gerze County, central Tibet, China), derived from anatexis of hydrated gabbros by ductile shearing during transport of the oceanic crust. Therefore, this kind of plagiogranite is coeval to or little later than the spreading of the oceanic crust. Zircon SHRIMP age of 166 ± 2.5 Ma for the plagiogranites indicates that an oceanic basin existed in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang zone in the Middle Jurassic.     

西藏措勤地区典中组火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

措勤盆地位于西藏冈底斯构造-岩浆岩带的西段北侧,该区古新世火山活动十分强烈,形成了一套厚度大于1 000 m的中酸性火山岩地层,火山岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr同位素年龄为63.9～61.0 Ma,区域上可与古近纪林子宗群下部层位相对比,归为古新统典中组.火山岩岩石化学、地球化学特征分析表明,该火山岩系属高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显.与原始地幔相比,微量元素Rb,Ba,K,Th,U富集;Ti,P,Sr,Ta(Nb)亏损.锶、氧同位素组成显示岩浆来源与陆壳物质关系密切,推测是来自于俯冲带的幔源基性岩浆与陆壳重熔酸性岩浆以不同比例混合所形成.综合研究认为,这套火山岩形成于陆缘弧构造环境,与喜马拉雅特提斯洋壳向北俯冲消减作用有关.     

Discovery of the granulite xenoliths in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Hoh Xil,Tibetan plateau

Two-pyroxene granulite and clinopyroxene granulite xenoliths have been recently discovered in the Late Paleogene toNeogene volcanic rocks (with ages in the range of 4.27～44.60 Ma) that outcropped in Hoh Xil, central Tibetan plateau. Based on theelectron microprobe analysis data, the xenoliths provide constraints for the formation equilibrium temperatures of the two-pyroxene gran-ulite being about 783 to 818℃ as determined by two-pyroxene thermometry and the forming pressure of the clinopyroxene granulite beingabout 0.845 to 0.858 GPa that is equivalent to 27.9～28.3 km depth respectively. It indicates that these granulite xenoliths represent thesamples from the middle part of the thickened Tibetan crust. This discovery is important and significant to making further discussion onthe component and thermal regime of the deep crust of the Tibetan plateau.     

青藏高原可可西里及芒康岩区新生代火山岩中的长石及石榴子石巨晶

用Ｘ衍射分析、探针分析等方法，对可可西里和芒康岩区透长石和石榴子巨晶进行了研究。结果表明，可可西里粗安岩及芒康粗面英安岩中透长石巨晶内部光性均一，无环带和双晶，Ｘ光束见出溶条纹，矿物边部及核部成分变化很小，属高温极低有序度结构状态的钾透长石类型；石榴子石巨晶以Ａｌｍ和Ｐｙｒ为主要的二种端元组分，其结晶深度大约相当于中地壳。     

念青唐古拉弧背断隆东段古近纪大规模火山作用及找矿意义

探讨念青唐古拉弧背断隆东段古近纪火山岩的地质地球化学特征、成因机制、动力学背景以及找矿意义.通过对火山岩进行岩石学特征研究及全岩地球化学分析,结果表明该套火山岩相对富集不相容元素K、Rb、Th、Ce,而Sr、Ba、Ta、Nb、Ti呈现低谷,LREE富集且分馏明显,而HREE相对亏损且分馏不明显,稀土配分模式图呈以Eu为...     

Late Cenozoic high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in the Kunlun Pass Basin and its implications for the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Kunlun Pass Basin, located in the middle of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, received relatively continuous late Cenozoic sediments from the surrounding mountains, archiving great information to understand the deformation and uplift histories of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun-Yellow River Movement, identified from the tectonomorphologic and sedimentary evolution of the Kunlun Pass Basin by Cui Zhijiu et al. （1997, 1998）, is roughly coincident with many important global and Plateau climatic and environmental events, becoming a crucial time interval to understand tectonic-climatic interactions. However, the ages used to constrict the events remain great uncertainty. Here, we present the results of detailed magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass Basin, which show the basin sediments were formed between about 3.6 Ma and 0.5 Ma and the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement occurred at 1.2 to ～0.78 Ma. The lithology, sedimentary facies and lithofacies associations divide the basin into five stages of tectonosedimentary evolution, indicating the northern Tibetan Plateau having experienced five episodes of tectonic uplifts at ～3.6, 2.69-2.58, 1.77, 1.2, 0.87 and ～0.78 Ma since the Pliocene.     

西藏措勤布嘎寺组中基性火山岩特征及成因

西藏措勤地区布嘎寺组火山岩是一套钾质到超钾质的岩石,根据化学组成可以分为中酸性和中基性火山岩.在前人研究的基础上对布嘎寺组中基性火山岩进行野外地质调查及全岩地球化学分析,并对该构造背景、源区性质及岩石成因做了进一步的研究和探讨.该火山岩具有轻稀土元素强烈富集、大离子亲石元素和高场强元素不同程度富集、弱负铕异常等地球化学...     

Characteristics of tidal gravity changes in Lhasa, Tibet, China

Tidal gravity changes arise from the response of the solid Earth to the tidal forces of the Sun,Moon and planets close to the Earth,and are a comprehensive reflection of the structure and distribution of physical properties of the Earth’s interior.As a result,observations of tidal gravity changes are the basis of studies on other global and/or regional dynamic processes.The characteristics of tidal gravity changes in the region of the Tibetan Plateau were investigated through continuous gravity measurements recorded with a superconducting gravimeter (SG) installed in Lhasa over a year.Through contrast measurements with a spring gravimeter LaCoste-Romberg ET20 at the same site,the gravity observations in Lhasa were scaled to the international tidal gravity reference in Wuhan.Meanwhile,the scale factor of the SG was determined accurately as-777.358 ± 0.136 nm s-2V-1,which is about 2.2% less than the value provided by the manufacturer.The results indicate that the precision of the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa was very high.The standard deviation was 0.459 nm s-2,and the uncertainties of for the four main tidal waves (i.e.O 1,K 1,M 2 and S 2) were better than 0.006%.In addition,the observations of the diurnal gravity tides had an obvious pattern of nearly diurnal resonance.As a result,it is affirmed that the Lhasa station can provide a local tidal gravity reference for gravity measurements on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions.The loading effects of oceanic tides on tidal gravity observations in Lhasa are so weak that the resulting perturbations in the gravimetric factors are less than 0.6%.However,the loading effects of the local atmosphere on either the tidal or nontidal gravity observations are significant,although no seasonal variations were found.After removal of the atmospheric effects,the standard deviation of the SG observations in Lhasa decreased obviously from 2.009 to 0.459 nm s-2.Having removed the loading effects of oceanic tides and local atmosphere,it was found that the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa significantly differed by about 1% from those expected theoretically,which may be related to active tectonic movement and the extremely thick crust in the region of the Tibetan Plateau.A more-certain conclusion requires longer accumulation of SG data and further associated theoretical studies.     

Vegetational ecotype of the Gyirong Basin in Tibet, China and its response in stable carbon isotopes of mammal tooth enamel

Carbon isotope analysis of modern herbaceous plants in the Gyirong Basin (Tibet, China) indicates that although C3 plants are dominant, C4 plants rarely comprise of the vegetation in the area at 4000 m above sea level. The C4 plants discovered in the Gyirong Basin are Salsola nepalensis of Chenopodiaceae and Pennisetum flaccidum of Gramineae, affirming that C4 plants affected by high solar gain can be distributed at high altitude, which supports the opinion that some C4 plants can exist in areas of high elevation. Carbon isotope analysis of herbivore tooth enamel from the Gyirong Basin indicates that carbon isotopes of structural carbonate in biogenic apatite at high altitude still keep a stable enrichment relationship with those of plants in their diet. Carbon isotopes in tooth enamel are therefore an accurate proxy for vegetation ecotypes and should reflect climatic and environmental features.