元认知理论下初中数学解题常见问题

对初中数学科目来说,元认知理论作用显著,在解题方面颇具应用价值,可推动学生解题速度和准确度的提升.本文即从元认知理论角度出发,基于初中数学解题常见问题,探讨错误成因,优化解题能力和思维,丰富学生数学素养,在一定程度上,也能为后续阶段教学提供参照和合理建议.     

例谈数学解题反思的收获

解题反思是一种对解题活动的再认识,属于解题活动的元认知.它是对解题活动的深层次再思考.它不仅仅是对数学解题学习的一般性回顾或重复,而且更是探究数学解题活动中所涉及的知识、方法、思路、策略等,具有     

三角常见错误及其根源探寻

学生解题出错是难免的.但在学生出错的背后,教师是否有一番反思?除了学生自身的因素外,也与老师对知识的理解、掌握程度和解题能力以及数学素养、教学水平、知识视野等因素有关,有的错误之根苗就是教师种下的.笔者选取三角函数教学中、听课中遇见的师生典型错误例题加以分析,明辨错误根源,探寻题目的隐含条件,避免重蹈覆辙.1.三角形中,角大正弦大,反之亦然三角形中的边角关系及性质是三角函数的进一     

元认知对学生数学建模活动的影响

大量研究表明,元认知在人的思维活动中具有统摄作用,是思维活动的核心成分.在数学活动中,无论是知识的学习、技能的学习,还是问题解决的学习,元认知都具有非常重要的作用.元认知能力直接或间接地制约着学生数学能力的发展.本文从初中数学课堂中学生数学建模活动的一则案例出发,通过对课堂录音中两个不同小组学生对话的数据进行质性分析,得出元认知能力对学生的数学建模活动具有一定影响作用的作用.一、元认知弗拉维尔(Flavell)认为,元认知就是指主体对自身认知活动的认知,其中包括对当前正在发生的认知过程(动态)和自我的认知能力(静态)以…     

结合三角变换 探索美育渗透

数学美感无时不在 ,无处不在 .现行的中学数学教科书中蕴藏着丰富的美育因素 ,揭示并开发这些美的素材 ,将增强师生的美感体验与欣赏能力 ,会给数学教学带来美的情趣与勃勃生机 ,进而以美感动人 ,陶冶情操 ,提高素养 ,促进学生全面发展 .下面 ,谈谈在两角和与差的三角函数的教学中 ,探索美育渗透的实践与体会 .1　简捷的奇异美运算能力强的标志一是准确 ,二是合理简捷 ;培养逻辑思维能力也提出“寻找解题目标的方向和合适的解题步骤” ,突出了求简观点 .那些突破常规、新颖独特的简明解法 ,展示了以简驭繁的神韵 ,给人以数学的奇异美的感受 …     

规不正，不可为圆——以初中数学“圆”的解题为例

<正>“规不正，不可为圆”阐明了遵守规则的重要性，也从侧面反映了规范化解题的积极意义.规范化解题不仅能提升初中生数学解题效率，还能通过规范化审题、解题步骤书写以及解题答案求算等，发展学生的逻辑思维能力，辅助学生建构科学完整的数学解题模型，进一步强化学生知识综合运用能力，以满足素质教育对学生逻辑思维、推理分析等学科思维能力的发展要求.1 初中数学解题规范化教学的积极意义1.1 有助于提升学生解题效率解题规范化教学活动的开展，     

例谈数学解题反思的收获

解题反思是一种对解题活动的“再认识”,属于解题活动的“元认知”．它是对解题活动的深层次再思考．它不仅仅是对数学解题学习的一般性回顾或重复,而且更是探究数学解题活动中所涉及的知识、方法、思路、策略等,具有探究性、批判性、自主性．解题反思对学好数学有很大的帮助,也只有对数学解题充满兴趣并深入其中,才能领略其无穷的奥妙．     

着力提高学生的“元认知”水平

什么是“元认知”?美国心理学家 Flavell指出 ,元认知就是对认知活动的认知 .对于解题而言 ,是指解题者在解题活动中的自我意识、自我评价和自我调整 .元认知是人的大脑存在着“思维监控结构”的客观反映 .1　提高元认知水平的重要性1.1　提高学生的元认知水平 ,是素质教育的需     

数学解题的“四种策略”

解题之所以成功,很大程度上依赖于选择最适宜的方法.笔者在分析数学解题策略的总体原则基础上,具体分析数学解题的四种策略:差异分析策略,回归原理策略,寻找母体策略,哲学思考策略.1高中数学解题策略的总体原则数学解题,首先是用不同的数学语言理解题目的已知条件、解题目标和解题过程,其次是在不同的数学语言的转换与问题的化归过程中完成解题.     

提升学生的数学解题能力策略研究

著名数学家波利亚提出,掌握数学意味着善于解题.由此可见,解题能力的培养利于学生创造性地认识活动,可以促进学生数学能力的发展,可以让数学教学中的"增质减负"变得意义更加深刻.通过对初中生数学解题现状的探索,可以看出应试教育和传统观念是束缚解题能力的主要因素,使得学生在数学解题上表现出一定程度上的思维缺陷,在面对一些思维容量较大的问题时总是败下阵来.面对这一现状,笔者积极找寻原因,通过多种措施来解读这一现象,以有效教学策略破解这一难题,逐步提升学生的解题能力.     

The relationship between mathematical problem-solving skills and self-regulated learning through homework behaviours,motivation, and metacognition

Studies highlight that using appropriate strategies during problem solving is important to improve problem-solving skills and draw attention to the fact that using these skills is an important part of students’ self-regulated learning ability. Studies on this matter view the self-regulated learning ability as key to improving problem-solving skills. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between mathematical problem-solving skills and the three dimensions of self-regulated learning (motivation, metacognition, and behaviour), and whether this relationship is of a predictive nature. The sample of this study consists of 323 students from two public secondary schools in Istanbul. In this study, the mathematics homework behaviour scale was administered to measure students’ homework behaviours. For metacognition measurements, the mathematics metacognition skills test for students was administered to measure offline mathematical metacognitive skills, and the metacognitive experience scale was used to measure the online mathematical metacognitive experience. The internal and external motivational scales used in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test were administered to measure motivation. A hierarchic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables in the study. Based on the findings, a model was formed in which 24% of the total variance in students’ mathematical problem-solving skills is explained by the three sub-dimensions of the self-regulated learning model: internal motivation (13%), willingness to do homework (7%), and post-problem retrospective metacognitive experience (4%).     

元认知在高等数学教学中的作用及培养途径

元认知是认知主体对自身认知活动的认知,大学生的元认知能力对高等数学教学具有很大的影响作用.在高等数学教学中应通过多种途径,把培养和发展大学生的元认知能力作为一项重要教学任务来完成.     

Multiple levels of metacognition and their elicitation through complex problem-solving tasks

Building on prior efforts, we re-conceptualize metacognition on multiple levels, looking at the sources that trigger metacognition at the individual level, the social level, and the environmental level. This helps resolve the paradox of metacognition: metacognition is personal, but it cannot be explained exclusively by individualistic conceptions. We develop a theoretical model of metacognition in collaborative problem solving based on models and modeling perspectives. The theoretical model addresses several challenges previously found in the research of metacognition. This paper illustrates how metacognition was elicited, at the environmental level, through problems requiring different problem-solving processes (definition building and operationalizing definitions), and how metacognition operated at both the individual level and the social level during complex problem solving. The re-conceptualization of metacognition has the potential to guide the development of metacognitive activities and effective instructional methods to integrate them into existing curricula that are necessary to engage students in active, higher-order learning.     

Metacognition and mathematics education

The role of metacognition in mathematics education is analyzed based on theoretical and empirical work from the last four decades. Starting with an overview on different definitions, conceptualizations and models of metacognition in general, the role of metacognition in education, particularly in mathematics education, is discussed. The article emphasizes the importance of metacognition in mathematics education, summarizing empirical evidence on the relationships between various aspects of metacognition and mathematics performance. As a main result of correlational studies, it can be shown that the impact of declarative metacognition on mathematics performance is substantial (sharing about 15–20% of common variance). Moreover, numerous intervention studies have demonstrated that “normal” learners as well as those with especially low mathematics performance do benefit substantially from metacognitive instruction procedures.     

Students’ Activity in Computer-Supported Collaborative Problem Solving in Mathematics

The purpose of this study was to analyse secondary school students’ (N = 16) computer-supported collaborative mathematical problem solving. The problem addressed in the study was: What kinds of metacognitive processes appear during computer-supported collaborative learning in mathematics? Another aim of the study was to consider the applicability of networked learning in mathematics. The network-based learning environment Knowledge Forum (KF) was used to support students’ collaborative problem solving. The data consist of 188 posted computer notes, portfolio material such as notebooks, and observations. The computer notes were analysed through three stages of qualitative content analysis. The three stages were content analysis of computer notesin mathematical problem solving, content analysis of mathematical problem solving activity and content analysis of the students’ metacognitive activity. The results of the content analysis illustrate how networked discussions mediated mathematical knowledge and students’ questions, while the mathematical problem solving activity shows that the students co-regulate their thinking. The results of the content analysis of the students’ metacognitive activity revealed that the students use metacognitive knowledge and make metacognitive judgments and perform monitoring during networked discussions. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that working with the networked technology contributes to the students’ use of their mathematical knowledge and stimulates them into making their thinking visible. The findings also show some metacognitive activity in the students’ computer-supported collaborative problem solving in mathematics.     

Collaborative Workshops and Student Academic Performance in Introductory College Mathematics Courses: A Study of a Treisman Model Math Excel Program

High failure rates in introductory college mathematics courses, particularly among underrepresented groups of students, have been of concern for many years. One approach to the problem experiencing some success has been Treisman's Emerging Scholars workshop model. The model involves supplemental workshops in which students solve problems in collaborative learning groups. This study reports on the effectiveness of Math Excel, an implementation of the Treisman model for introductory mathematics courses (college algebra, precalculus, differential calculus, and integral calculus) at Oregon State University over five academic terms. Regression analyses revealed a significant effect on achievement (.671 grade points on a 4‐point scale) favoring Math Excel students. Even after adjusting for prior mathematics achievement using linear regression with SAT‐M as predictor, Math Excel groups' grade averages were over half a grade point better than predicted (significant at the .001 level). This study provides supporting evidence that programs like Math Excel can help students in making a successful transition to college mathematics study.     

How can self-regulated learning support the problem solving of third-grade students with mathematics anxiety?

The study compares 140 third-grade Israeli students (lower and higher achievers) who were either exposed to self-regulated learning (SRL) supported by metacognitive questioning (the MS group) or received no direct SRL support (the N_MS group). We investigated: (a) mathematical problem solving performance; (b) metacognitive strategy use in three phases of the problem-solving process; and (c) mathematics anxiety. Findings indicated that the MS students showed greater gains in mathematical problem solving performance than the N_MS students. They reported using metacognitive strategies more often, and showed a greater reduction in anxiety. In particular, the lower MS achievers showed these gains in the basic and complex tasks, in strategy use during the on-action phase of the problem solving process and a decrease in negative thoughts. The higher achievers showed greater improvement in transfer tasks and an increase in positive thoughts towards mathematics. Both the theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.     

Using Metaphors to Unpack Student Beliefs About Mathematics

This paper reports on an exploratory study of the mathematical beliefs of a group of ninth and tenth grade students at a large, college preparatory, private school in the Southeastern United States. These beliefs were revealed using contemporary metaphor theory. A thematic analysis of the students' metaphors for mathematics indicated that students had well developed and complex views about mathematics including math as: an Interconnected Structure, a Hierarchical Structure, a Journey of Discovery, an Uncertain Journey, and a Tool. Another prevalent theme revealed by the metaphors was that students believe perseverance is needed for success in mathematics. The data also suggest an impact of gender and tracking on students beliefs about mathematics. Creating metaphors for mathematics provided a catalyst for student reflection, class discussion, and qualitative data, which could aid program evaluation. Several areas for future research were identified through this exploratory study.