超临界二氧化碳介质中钯催化炔烃羰基化反应

研究了以超临界二氧化碳为反应介质实现改善钯催化炔烃羰基化反应绿色性的方法 .研究结果表明 :醇的用量、二氧化碳压力和反应温度等因素均对钯催化炔烃羰基化反应的化学选择性均有影响 ,即存在炔烃的羰基化反应与氧化偶合反应的竞争     

液态二氧化碳中钯催化Ullmann偶合反应

在过去的六年内,利用超临界或液态二氧化碳取代有机溶剂作为反应介质的研究取得了许多突破性的成果.我们在这方面的研究也取得了一些进展,例如我们发现在催化量的钯/碳、过量的锌粉和水存在下,以液态二氧化碳为反应介质,不但活性高的碘代芳烃和溴代芳烃能够顺利的进行Ullmann偶合反应,而且活性低的氯代芳烃也能发生Ull-mann偶合反应.同已报道的以水为反应介质,加入共溶剂或相转移催化剂作为反应促进剂的方法相比有如下优点:     

钯催化的乙炔烷氧化物的环化和交叉偶合反应

钯催化的乙炔醇化物的环化已表明是合成各种杂环的有效方法,但钯催化的从炔醇立体选择性合成呋喃叉或吡喃叉化合物还未见开发,本文报道了钯催化的用各种有机卤化物使炔醇的环化和交叉偶合反应的新策略.     

钯催化下氟烷基磺酸苯酯与三丁基烯丙基锡的交叉偶合反应

过渡金属催化下的交叉偶合反应为碳—碳键的形成提供了一条有效途径。1986年国内外均报道了钯(0)可以对氟烷基磺酸苯酯(ArOSO_2R_1)进行氧化加成而插入芳基C_sp2-O 键,随后进行烯基化、炔基化、羰基化或还原等反应。最近,我们又研究了1在     

三芳胺合成的研究进展

三芳胺化合物的合成方法主要有3种:(1)非金属催化的胺化反应;(2)铜催化的Ullnann反应,包括使用过量铜粉为催化剂的传统的Ullmann反应、使用相转移催化剂的Ullmann反应以及使用配体的post-Ullmann反应;(3)钯催化的Buchwald-Hartwig反应.该类反应活性的关键是配体的选择,根据配体结构的不同可分为双膦螯合型配体、单膦配体和非膦配体.对该类化合物的这几种合成方法的研究进展进行了总结.     

钯催化的脱羧基烷基化反应

钯催化的脱羧基烷基化反应是构建碳碳键特别是手性碳的有效手段,其催化活性高,反应条件温和,对映选择性好.近年来该领域取得了长足的进步.介绍了5年来钯催化的脱羧基烷基化反应,主要是钯催化的对映选择性Tsuji反应及其在天然产物合成中的应用.     

铜催化交叉偶联反应研究的新进展

对Cu催化交叉偶联反应的最新研究进展作了综述 .该反应涉及碳—碳、碳—氮、碳—氧、碳—硫、碳—硒、以及碳—卤的成键 .反应的类型包括Ullmann反应、Suzuki反应、Stille反应以及Heck反应等 .还详细地介绍了Cu催化交叉偶联反应中选用不同的铜盐、配体以及溶剂时所产生的效果     

铜、镍、钯催化C—C偶合反应的研究进展

偶合反应是有机合成中的一种重要反应,本文综述了Cu、Ni、Pd等不同形式催化剂催化C-C偶合反应的研究进展,并展望优化该类反应的条件．     

亮点介绍

钯催化区域、非对映和对映选择性酰基硅的α位烯丙基烷基化反应及其在有机合成中的运用J.Am.Chem.Soc.2010,132,15493～15495钯催化的不对称烯丙基烷基化反应是非常高效的构建碳碳键方法     

碳碳偶合反应中间体Li[Cp2Zr(C≡CPh)·(η2∶1,2-PhC2C≡CPh)]的合成和晶体结构

室温下,用Cp2ZrCl2与LiC≡CPh反应,合成了碳碳偶合反应的Zr(Ⅱ)阴离子中间体Li[Cp2Zr(C≡CPh)(η2:1,2-PhC2C≡CPh)].用元素分析、核磁共振谱和红外光谱对配合物进行了表征,配合物的晶体结构分析给出了两个炔烃之间碳碳偶合的证据.用核磁共振谱初步探讨了合成反应机理.     

CO2 as Both a Selective Agent and Reaction Media in Palla-dium-Catalyzed Reductive Ullmann-Type Coupling Reaction

Carbon dioxide as both a selective agent and reaction media in the palladium-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling has been described. The results showed that aryl chlorides could be easily activated in the presence of carbon dioxide and the chemoselectivity shifted toward the palladium-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling reaction. In liquid carbon dioxide, homocoupling reactions of aryl halides, including less reactive aryl chlorides, were carried out smoothly in moderate to good yields using Pd/C, zinc, and H2O as the catalytic system at room temperature.     

Intramolecular Ullmann-type C−N coupling for the synthesis of substituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridines

An efficient CuI catalyzed intramolecular Ullmann-type C−N coupling reaction is described here. Newly substituted 1H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3,5(2H, 11H)-trione has been easily synthesized from ortho halogenated N-substituted pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3,6(5H)-triones in presence of CuI catalyst and K₂CO₃ base without any ligand. This procedure is based on intramolecular Ullmann-type reaction and provides a proficient method of making fused tetracyclic heterocycles.     

Greener Ullmann-Type Coupling of Aryl Halides for Preparing Biaryls Using Reusable Pd/ZrO2 Catalyst

Biaryls with excellent yields can be prepared by the Ullmann-type coupling of aryl halides in the presence of potassium carbonate (as a base) and dimethylformamide (as a solvent), at 140 °C, using a reusable Pd (2.5 wt%)/ZrO₂ catalyst. The product yield of 4-iodoanisole coupling is strongly influenced by the catalyst preparation method, solvent, and base.     

An efficient, mild, and selective Ullmann-type N-arylation of indoles catalyzed by copper(I) complex

A wide range of N-arylated indoles are selectively synthesized through intermolecular C(aryl)-N bond formation from the corresponding aryl iodides and indoles through Ullmann-type coupling reactions in the presence of a catalytic amount of easily available N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-BINAM-CuI complex under very mild reaction conditions.     

L-proline promoted Ullmann-type reaction of vinyl bromides with imidazoles in ionic liquids

The Ullmann-type coupling reaction of vinyl bromides and imidazoles in ILs at 90-110 degrees C gave the corresponding N-vinylimidazoles in good to excellent yields by using L-proline as the ligand; the double bond geometry of the vinyl bromides was retained under the reaction conditions.     

Effect of Edge Functionalization on the Bottom-Up Synthesis of Nano-Graphenes

We demonstrate the effect of edge functionalization on the on-surface Ullmann coupling of nano-carbon materials. Unlike 10,10′-Dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl (DBBA), which is widely known to form anthracene polymers and armchair-edge graphene nanoribbons on Au(111), newly-developed precursor named 5-bromo-11(10-bromoanthracene-9-yl)anthra[2,3-b : 7,6-b′]dithiophene (BABAT) with isomers, which has similar structure as DBBA with one anthracene substituted with anthradithiophene, was found to make intramolecular C−C bonding instead of long anthracene polymers after annealing at 200 °C on Au(111). The mechanism was investigated using first-principle density functional theory, which revealed that on-surface polymerization is not kinetically preferred in case of BABAT. The reaction rate of intramolecular C−C bonding of BABAT is ∼206 times faster than that of DBBA. The intramolecular C−C bonding in DBBA biradicals, on the other hand, do not take place because of faster reverse reaction. By referring to electron density of BABAT biradicals, it was concluded that thiophene functionalization modifies distribution of electron density in BABAT radicals and facilitates electrophilic addition, leading to intramolecular C−C bonding after 200 °C annealing. These results indicate that the design of radical moiety is particularly important in the on-surface Ullmann-type coupling.     

N,N-dimethyl-d-glucosamine as an efficient ligand for copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of N-H heterocycles with aryl halides

A new N,N-dimethyl-d-glucosamine ligand has been developed for the copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of N-H heterocycles (e.g., indoles, benzimidazoles, pyrazoles and triazoles) with aryl halides. This method was accomplished not only featuring excellent yields, mild reaction conditions and simple operation, but also showing eco-friendly and broad-spectrum substrates, and could be widely used in the construction of N-aryl heterocyclic systems.     

An efficient intermolecular BINAM-copper(I) catalyzed Ullmann-type coupling of aryl iodides/bromides with aliphatic alcohols

A wide range of alkyl aryl ethers are synthesized from the corresponding aryl iodides and aliphatic alcohols through Ullmann-type intermolecular coupling reactions in the presence of a catalytic amount of easily available BINAM-CuI complex. Less reactive aryl bromides have also been shown to react with aliphatic alcohols under identical reaction conditions to give good yields of the alkyl aryl ethers without increasing the reaction temperature and time.     

Synthesis of PI3K inhibitor GDC-0077 via a stereocontrolled N-arylation of α-amino acids

An efficient synthesis of PI3K inhibitor GDC-0077, featuring two consecutive Cu-catalyzed CN coupling reactions, is reported. The described synthetic route involves a chemoselective Ullmann-type coupling of a chiral difluoromethyl-substituted oxazolidinone, a Cu-catalyzed N-arylation of l-alanine with high stereochemical integrity, and a high-yielding final amide bond formation step to produce GDC-0077 in >99.5 area % HPLC purity.     

A new method for the synthesis of dithiocarbamates by CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction

The Ullmann-type coupling reaction of sodium dithiocarbamates with aryl iodides and vinyl bromides catalyzed by CuI/N,N-dimethylglycine proceeds smoothly in DMF at 110 °C to give corresponding dithiocarbamates in good yields.