Determination of Trace Elements in Biological Fluids by Arc Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Journal of Analytical Chemistry - Determination of macro- and trace elements in various biological fluids, including saliva and blood serum, is widely used for medical diagnostics and assessment of...     

Mechanism of Spectrum Excitation in a Solid Aerosol-Laden Plasma Jet of a Two-Jet Argon Arc Plasmatron

A possible reason for the high intensity of the ion emission in the spectrum excitation in a plasma jet generated by a two-jet argon arc plasmatron was considered. The injection of a test substance as an air–solid suspension between the plasma jets (i.e., mixing of a hot plasma with a cold directional carrier-gas flow) created a radial temperature gradient and induced an intense argon influx from the dense plasma jets to the cold axial plasma zone used for analytical purposes. Favorable conditions were thus created for the analyte Penning impact ionization with argon ions. This was confirmed by the existence of a correlation between an increase in the intensity of ion lines with the carrier-gas flow rate (cooling rate) and the total energy of ionization and excitation of an element. It was shown that charge transfer from the argon ion to the analyte occurred only in the case when the total energy of the element was lower than 16 eV, i.e., lower than the ionization energy of argon plus its kinetic energy.     

ICP-AES法同时测定人发中9种元素含量

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对煤矿井下人员头发中９种元素含量进行了测定,此实验结果为矿井下环境污染情况的研究提供了一定的科学依据。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定食用菌中微量元素

采用高压消化罐在较低温度下进行缓慢样品消化,减少了消化过程中微量元素的损失.用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定了野生元蘑和珍珠菇中钙、钠、钾、镁、锰、钡、铁、钴、锗、铜等微量元素的含量,并比较了湿法消化的结果,两种方法无显著性差异.方法的相对标准偏差在0.28%～2.96%之间,回收率在96.4%～104.0%之间.     

氢化物发生—电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境样品中痕量铅

提出了以重铬酸钾－铁氰经钾为氧化剂的铅氢化物发生氧化还原体系。采用连续氢化物发生器，对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法，测定痕量铅的条件进行了研究。选定条件下，以０２％硫氰酸钾－０．４５草酸为干扰抑制剂，测得铅的检出限为０．０９μｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为０．４９％。对环境标准物质进行分析，结果令人满意。     

Determination of Trace Elements in Aerosol Samples Collected on Polycarbonate Filters by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

The multi-element analysis of aerosol samples collected on polycarbonate filters and the wet digestion procedure in open vessel were investigated. The concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Zn were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a micro injection system while Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and V were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).

NIES N[ddot] 8 “Vehicle Exhaust Particulate” Certified Reference Material from the Japan Environment Agency was used to study the decomposition of the samples. Different treatments were applied in order to completely dissolve the aerosol samples. It was found that, from all the methods tested, attack with micro-quantities of HNO₃ and HCIO₄ in an air pressure digestion system was the best procedure for the determination of the elements by AAS.

The recommended method was appropriate for all elements and it was applied to real samples. Two nondestructive analytical techniques for the determination of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Pb have been compared with the proposed method: proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). Results obtained by the application of these three techniques were similar.     

微波等离子体原子发射光谱新技术同时测定环境水样中多种元素

环境水样经不同酸消解后,利用微波等离子体原子发射光谱法(MP-AES)和多模式样品导入系统(MSIS)对环境水样中可蒸气发生元素(As,Hg,Sb和Se)及重金属元素(Cd,Cu,Cr,Ni,Pb,Ti,V和Zn)同时分析,分别根据溶液中元素信号强度变化和测定值与加标值差异,优化氢化物发生条件和考察测定的基体及谱线干扰影响.结果表明,在还原剂溶液(1.0％ NaBH4,m/V)和载流HCl(5％,V/V)的最佳实验浓度下,相比HC1消解,水样经HNO3消解可获得满意分析结果;环境标准样品中元素测定值与标准值一致,样品分析相对标准偏差在0.34％ ～ 3.2％范围内.高浓度的K,Ca,Na和Mg等元素对测定无明显影响,稀土元素和稀有元素对重金属光谱干扰严重,需选择合适谱线分析.本方法除对Hg和Se的检出限稍高外(6.5和37.1μg/L),其它目标元素检出限为1.6～9.8μg/L,能够满足地表水环境质量标准和生活饮用水卫生标准的质量控制要求.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定黄花棘豆中微量元素

1　引　　言黄花棘豆 (ＯｘｙｔｒｏｐｉｓＯｃｈｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌａＢｕｎｇｅ)为豆科棘豆属的一种多年生草本植物 ,广泛分布于我国西北部牧区 ,可导致家畜中毒、死亡。国外将棘豆属和黄花属中的一些有毒性植物统称为疯草 (ｌｏｃｏｗｅｅｄ) ,其引起的中毒症状相似 ,统称为疯草中毒综合症。国内外专家对其有毒成分进行了分析 ,对家畜疯草中毒症状 ,以及从病理学角度探讨其对生殖器官及其他各种脏器的影响做了研究 ,尚未见到对疯草中微量元素的分析报道。本文用高频电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ＩＣＰ ＡＥＳ)测定了疯草黄花棘豆中的微…     

电弧制样-电感耦合等离子体光谱分析法直接测定合金钢中的痕量元素

本文提出了电弧制样与电感耦合等离子体(ICP)相结合光谱直接测定合金钢中痕量元素的新方法。采用高压/低电流直流电弧放电作为试样蒸发的蒸发源,由于阴极弧斑在金属表面上方作快速均匀的移动,使试样剥离形成金属气溶胶,它在载气流(Ar)的作用下引入ICP。研究了试样的蒸发行为、放电气体介质、基体组成变化的影响及ICP工作参数等。用本法测定Co、Ni、Cr、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ta、Ti、V、W和Zr的检出限为0。x至xμg/g。分析了低、高合金钢试样,结果与NBS标准值吻合。     

原子吸收光谱和原子荧光光谱法测定藤茶中微量元素含量

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱和原子荧光光谱法对藤茶中Fe、Na、Zn、Pb、Cr、Co、Ca、Mg、Cd、As等16种微量元素进行了分析测定。该测定方法的回收率在96%～101%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。结果表明,藤茶中富含Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、K、Na、Cr、Zn等对人体有益的微量元素,同时还含有微量的有害元素Cd、Pb、Sb,没有发现As和Hg。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定番茄不同部位中微量汞

在汞污染的土壤上种植不同品种番茄 ,采用微波溶样技术和原子荧光光谱法 ,测定番茄不同部位的汞含量 ,初步研究了汞在番茄植株各个部位的分布情况 ,同时确定了微波消解该类样品的最佳条件 ,优化了原子荧光光谱仪的工作参数。该方法具有快速、简便、准确等特点 ,汞含量在0.01～20μg/L范围内线性良好 ,相关系数r=0.9998。研究结果还表明 ,汞含量在番茄各部位中的分布规律是根 叶>茎 果实 ,只有1/10的供试番茄品种在汞胁迫下果实中汞含量超标 ,为评价番茄作为菜蔬食品在生产中受汞污染的风险以及发展新的重金属污染土壤的修复技术提供依据     

Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as a Microplasma Excitation Source for Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Ore Samples

A novel liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) was designed as a microplasma excitation source for atomic emission spectrometry (AES) and used for the determination of Pb, Cu, and Cd in digested ore samples. The operating parameters and stability of LCGD-AES were investigated in detail. The statistical analysis (t-test) was used for comparing the results of ore samples using LCGD-AES and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results showed that the optimized analytical conditions are 650?V discharge voltage, 4.5?mL?min^?1 solution flow rate, and pH 1 HNO₃ as the supporting electrolyte. The limits of detection for Pb, Cu, and Cd were 0.019, 0.47, and 0.37?mg?L^?1, respectively. The correlation coefficients and relative standard deviations were 0.9985 and 1.19% for Pb, 0.9868 and 2.37% for Cu, and 0.9960 and 3.98% for Cd. The power consumption was below 65?W. The recoveries were in the range from 79.1 to 115.1%. Moreover, the measurement results of ore samples by LCGD-AES are comparable to the values obtained by ICP-AES. Therefore, the LCGD-AES may be developed as a portable analytical instrument for the direct determination of trace heavy metals.     

芦蒿中六种金属微量元素含量的测定

为给芦蒿中微量元素的检测提供科学方法。采用浓硝酸微波消解法处理样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉法对芦蒿样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ca、Pb的含量进行了测定。结果表明,方法的加样回收率为96.80%～103.04%。该法操作简单、结果准确,是芦蒿中微量元素检测的理想方法。     

原子吸收光谱法测定粽叶中微量元素

用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定了粽叶中Fe、Cu、Zn、K、Ca、Na 6种微量元素的含量。结果表明,粽叶中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素。该法简单、准确,回收率在95.0%~105.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.68%,结果令人满意。     

封闭溶样-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量金

建立了聚乙烯塑料瓶封闭水浴加热,王水溶解,以铼作内标,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中痕量金。结果表明,样品中的金可分解完全,节约了成本、减少了环境污染。方法经国家一级标准物质验证,结果与标准值相符。对实际样品测定的方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)为4.1%～6.7%。方法检出限为0.12ng/g,方法简便快速,适用于地质样品的批量分析。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锌锭中的微量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定锌锭中的Pb、Cd、Fe、Cu、Sn 5种杂质元素的方法。样品用硝酸(1+1)溶解后,在稀硝酸介质中利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪测定其中Pb、Cd、Fe、Cu、Sn的含量,测定的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)小于1.7%,对锌光谱标样BYG0505的测定结果与标准值基本一致。实现了对锌锭中多种杂质元素的简便、快速、准确的同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测试硫化物中的微量元素

采用多种酸组合消解方法消解硫化物样品,最终选取A:HNO3密闭消解法;B:HCI+HF与HNO3两步消解法对硫化物标准物质GBW07267(黄铁矿)、GBW07268(黄铜矿),GBW07270(闪锌矿)及硫化物标准物质WMS-1a(块状硫化物)样品进行消解,采用ICP-MS测试了39种微量元素.结果表明,HNO3密闭...     

火焰原子吸收法测定夏桑菊中的10种微量元素

本文利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了夏桑菊冲剂中10种微量元素,研究了不同试剂及不同比例的消化液对测定结果的影响,方法回收率在98．4％～104．0％,相对标准偏差在1．5％～4．7％。结果表明,夏桑菊中对人体有益的元素Mg、Ca、Zn、Mn、Fe、Cu等含量丰富,为进一步探讨微量元素与药效的关系提供了有用的数据。